• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3326-3337
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine health-related dietary and lifestyle of characteristic factors associated with sodium hyperingestion of korean adults by sexual difference. Study subjects were 30~69years (n=1,622) adults who participated in the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1). Subjects were divided into the hyperingestion group (HG, n=1,494) and normal ingestion group (NG, n=128) by 'WHO growth standard sodium intakes(2,000mg/day)' and the relationships between Comparison of demographics and physical measurement, eating behaviors and health-related factors were analyzed. By logistic regression method, risk factors for sodium hyperingestion group revealed in this study were gender(female), number of family', 'breakfast', 'lunch', 'dinner', 'nutrition labeling use'. and In case of male, risk factors for sodium hyperingestion group were 'lunch', 'dinner', 'self-rated body image' of eating behaviors. In case of female, Which were number of family' of demographics, 'breakfast', 'lunch', 'dinner' of eating behaviors. In these results, according to different sexual aspect of sodium hyperingestion, we suggest that nutrition label use and proper nutrition intake criteria among sexual, recognition promotion campaign along with education program for repressed sodium hyperingestion related to hypertension prevention of korean adults should include eating habits improvement and demographics lifestyle modification.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze satisfaction with clinical training in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine and the related factors. Methods : All the students in the graduating class of school of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University must be trained for 2 weeks in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine according to clinical training guideline including Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE) and Clinical Performance Examination (CPX). After completing clinical training, we distributed questionaries to them about a reflex of the object of study, usefulness, difficulty, satisfaction and preference. And then, we analyzed the related factors including descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and correlation analysis by SPSS 18.0. Results : In general, a reflex of the aim of study($7.88{\pm}1.31$), satisfaction with contents($8.17{\pm}1.20$) and difficulty($5.53{\pm}0.99$) were evaluated respectively. The better a reflex of the aim of study is, the higher satisfaction with contents is(P<0.01, r=0.836). Chuna was highly estimated, whereas pharmacopuncture was not. In OSCE, a reflex of the aim of study($8.07{\pm}1.07$) and usefulness($8.13{\pm}1.16$) were highly evaluated. The preference for physical examination of the lumbar spine was highly estimated, whereas applying splint was not. Facilities and equipment($7.88{\pm}1.11$), contents of clinical training($7.25{\pm}1.79$), the handout($7.00{\pm}1.59$) and time scheduling($5.48{\pm}1.71$) were evaluated respectively in general composition of clinical training. There is no difference related to specialty, sex and age among students. Conclusions : Clinical training program in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine can be highly estimated from the viewpoint of difficulty and satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.664-675
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the cross-sectional associations between dietary factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 12,755 subjects (males 5,146, females 7,609) aged 19 years or above using data from the 4th (2007-2009) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The prevalence of MetS in Korean adults was 23.6% (males 26.1%, females 20.9%) with the criteria for modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. While males had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high blood pressure than females, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol level was higher in females than in males. Among dietary guidelines, the response of 'yes' for asking practice of 'avoiding salty foods', and 'eating moderately and increasing physical activity for healthy weight' were significantly associated with the decreased risk of MetS in both males and in females. Especially, the risk of MetS was significantly lower in the subjects that responded the practice of all items of Korean Dietary Guidelines. Significantly negative associations with MetS were also found in the responding for practice of 'limiting consumption of alcoholic beverages' in males, and taking dietary supplements in females. Skipping breakfast was positively associated with the risk of MetS. In conclusion, dietary behaviors such as having breakfast, practice of dietary guidelines, and food consumption in moderation could modify the prevalence of MetS, and our findings could be useful for establishing guidelines for preventing MetS.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between the self-reported symptoms of periodontal diseases and the quality of life. This study conducted its questionnaire survey over the subjects of 450 adults who had ever visited dental clinics among the adults of age 35-65 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do region from January 7 to March 14, 2010. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test, t-test, binominal logistic regression analysis in the SPSS version 12.0 program. Among the self-reported symptoms of periodontal diseases, 65% of respondents perceived that 'I bleed from the gums in brushing my teeth', which was the most, whereas 18.8% of respondents perceived to 'tooth mobility', which was the least. Self-reported symptoms of periodontal diseases was associated with socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, level of education and periodic oral examination, dental scaling(p<0.05). People who perceived the symptoms of periodontal diseases experienced functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, disability in diverse domains, and social handicap more than the group who did not perceive them(p<0.001). OHIP-14 scores were significantly correlated with sex, bleeding gums, swollen gums and bad breath(p<0.05). This study showed the self-reported periodontal problem had a negative impact on the public's leading their happy life. Therefore, in order to enhance the quality of life in adults, it is necessary to prevent periodontal diseases and reduce the subjective symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.299-310
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• 2015

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate level of knowledge and attitude about organ donation in university and provide basic information on correct education and promotion. Method. The sample is consisted of 90 the students related to health and 90 general college students ; total 180 students in J city. The questionnaires were used to obtain the results. Data was collected from November 6th to 8th, 2013. For data analysis, the SPSS for window 12.0 K program was utilized to get descriptive statistics including the percentage, average, standard deviation and t-test. Results. Comparing the results between a series of health students and general college students, a series of health students showed high level of more knowledge and more positive attitude about organ donation than general college students. A series of health showed significant correlation but general college didn't show significant correlation. Conclusion. To educate correct knowledge draw positive attitude about organ donation is needed to improve the level of Knowledge and Attitude about organ donation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.280-290
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• 1998

This study was carried out to idenify the health problems and needs of crippled persons in order to develop a community based rehabilitation service program through public health center. Information on health problems and needs were obtained from 120 crippled persons staying at home by questionaire and a measuring ADL. The results were summarized as follows 1. Among 120 subjects, male crippled (70.3%) outnumbered female crippled (29.7%). Many crippled persons belonged to the 40-49 age group (33.6%) while others were over 60 years (17.4%). There were 36.8% crippled persons with an elementary education, 26.5% had completed high school, 14.5% had completed middle school. 31% of the crippled persons were employed but most of them had unskilled jobs. 80% of the respondents replied that their monthly income was under 800,000 won. 2. The major causes of their handicap were due to acquired factors(92%) such as accidents, in fectious & communicable diseases and chronic diseases rather than congenital factors(8%). Crippled persons who belong to the first grade of disabilities were 14.8%, the second grade 35.7%, the third grade 21.7%, the forth grade 12.2%, the fifth grade 12.2% and the sixth grade 3.5%. 3. This study measured the degree of the ADL of crippled persons by a modified Barthel Index including 11 items. 73.5% of them were fully independent, 8.5% required minimal help, 2.7% required moderate help, 6.0% required substantial help and 9.4% were unable to perform task. In response to the 11 items of ADL, crippled persons required more help in stair climbing, ambulation and bathing than in other items. 4. In responding to concerning health problems, 10.3% of the subjects replied with incontinence, 8.5% malnutrition, 7.6% fecal incontinence and bedsores 2.6%. Chronic diseases which needs treatment were chronic pain(61.0 %), hypertension(16.5%) and diabetes(16.5%) 5. To the question of what type of rehabilitation services subjects required, chronic diseases management(52.1%) and physical therapy (41.2%) were the highest. The most important social welfare services subjects required were economics support (51.3%) and introductions to job opportunities(42%).

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.142-148
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• 2017

Objectives The ratio of second to fourth digit length (2D : 4D) could be a potential epigenetic marker of sexual dimorphism reflecting prenatal testosterone exposure. Testosterone is known to affect the development of the brain through an epigenetic mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to fetal testosterone on the metabolic syndrome based on 2D : 4D of schizophrenia patients and the relationship with the age of onset of schizophrenia. Methods A total of 214 schizophrenia patients participated in this study. The participant's physical and blood tests were performed according to the American National Cholesterol Education Program's Third Amendment of the Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria, and the 2D : 4D was measured by the method designed by McFadden. Data were statistically analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression model analysis. Results 2D : 4D was significantly higher in female than male in both hands, and there was a statistically significant negative correlation between 2D : 4D and the age of onset of schizophrenia in male. However, 2D : 4D did not show statistically significant correlation with metabolic factors. Conclusions Fetal testosterone suggests the possibility of affecting the age of onset of schizophrenia through the epigenetic mechanism, but there is no clear relationship with metabolic factors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in daily nutrient intakes, dietary habits and nutrition knowledge between male and female college students. Male undergraduate students 004 subjects) and female undergraduate students (229 subjects) , enrolled at H University in Daejeon, were recruited for this study. The mean age of the subjects was 22.9 year in male and 20.4 year in female students. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated from the records of one day of dietary food intakes by 24-hour recall method, and general information, dietary habits and attitudes, food intake frequency and food preferences and knowledge for food and nutrition were surveyed through a questionnaire. About $70.1\%$ of male and $66.1\%$ of female students were in the normal range of BMI (18.5 - 23), and $25.2\%$ of male students were over-weighted in contrast to $27.7\%$ of female students were underweight. Males and females were taking $77.2\%$ and $77.9\%$ of RDA for energy, respectively, and $54.8\%$ of male and $48.0\%$ of female students were taking energy under $75\%$ of RDA. Many of them showed deficient intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin. Average of MAR was 0.75 in male and 0.72 in female students. NAR for calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin in male students were 0.55, 0.69,0.75 and 0.61, respectively, compared to 0.53, 0.51, 0.70 and 0.67 in female students. The nutrients, which have INQ less than 1, were calcium and riboflavin in male, compared to calcium, iron, and riboflavin in female students. There were no gender differences in meal regularity and meal skipping rates, but female students showed higher rates of skipping dinner than males (p < 0.001) About $50.8\%$ of female students were ingesting snacks 1 - 2 time/day, compared to $27.1\%$ of male students. For the food intake frequency, fruit group was significantly eating more for female than male students (p< 0.001) Though female students got higher scores for nutritional knowledge test (p < 0.001) than male students, they did not show better dietary habits or dietary attitudes than male students actually. Therefore, a more active and actual education program accustomed to the different genders and ages with focus on real changing of dietary behaviors needs to be developed and run in schools and local departments.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2004

The NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) thermal-hydraulic programs adopted in the domestic full-scope power plant simulators were provided in early 1980s by foreign vendors. Because of limited compulsational capability at that time, they usually used very simplified physical models for a real-time simulation of NSSS thermal-hydraulic transients, which entails inaccurate results and, thus, the possibility of so-called "negative training", especially for complicated two-phase flows in the reactor coolant system. In resolve the problem, KEPRI developed a realistic NSSS T/H program ARTS which was based on the RETRAN-3D code for the improvement of the Nuclear Power Plant full-scope simulator. The ARTS (based on the RETRAN-3D code) guarantees the real-time calculations of almost all transients and ensures the robustness of simulations. However, there is some possibility of failing to calculate in the case of large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) and low-pressure low-flow transient. In this case, the backup calculation system cover automatically the ARTS. The backup calculation system was expected to provide substantially more accurate predictions in the analysis of the system transients involving LBLOCA. The results were reasonable in terms of accuracy, real-time simulation, robustness and education of operators, complying with FSAR and the AMSI/ANS-3.5-1998 simulator software performance criteria.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress and coping level as a result of dysmenorrhea which was experienced by girls. For the collection of data, the girls from the 1st to the 3rd grade in middle school in Seoul were selected through a random sampling technique. The survey was conducted from the 1st. to the 14th of June, 1991 by the use of questionnaires made after a pilot study. The final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced me~arche, the number of which totaled 1,131. The stress, coping level, and other variables, were tested and analysed by descriptive statistics (eg, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. The chronological start for menarche was at a mean age of 13.1 The respondents who had experienced menarche numbered $70.9\%$ of the 1st grades and $96.2\%$ of the 2nd grades in middle school, otherwise the starting age for menarche was in the 4th grade in primary school. 2. Their menstrual cycle and period were longer than adult's one. The number of students studied who had experienced dysmenorrhea during their menstrual cycle were 860, and 650 of those revealed that their mothers or sisters had experienced similar problems. 3. The subjects who were late or head left early rather than being absent from school every menstruation cycle were more stressful. The results are thought to show that the girl's perception of dysmenorrhea seems to be more sensitive than adult's one. 4, A significant negative correlation was found between the perception of menstrual flow and strees level. It means that an increase in the stress of dysmenorrhea was associated with decreased menstrual bleeding. The degree of hypochondrical concern assessed by the girls was significantly correlated to stress and coping level. When the girls perceived high stress as a result of dysmenorrhea, they worried about their physical health more. The above results lead us to the suggestion that the starting point of early education with a school program is appropriate for the 4th grade in primary school. Especially if the girls in middle school should be required to give the information about correct knowledge and sufficient self -care management of menstruation monthly, if this could be implemented the loss in school days among the students due to dysmenorrhea would be minimized with more ease.