• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-76
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• 1993

기기의 광독성 유발 물질 및 자외선 차단제 그리고 수종의 천연물에 대해 in-vitro 와 in-vivo에서 광독성 시험을 하였다. In-vitro시험은 C. albicans와 S. typhymurium TA 98을 이용 광독성 시험을 하였으며, 광조사는 시료, 시료와 미생물 모두 각각의 시료와 미생물 조사하는 방법을 사용하여 비교하여 보았다. 조사 방법에 따른 유의성은 관찰되지 않았는데, 제한된 시료를 사용했다는 것도 여러 원인 중에 하나가 될 수 있다. 한편 사용된 두 균주의 감수성은 C. albicans에 비해 S. typhimurium TA 98을 이용했을 때 높게 나타났고, S. typhimurium TA 98을 이용한 in-vitro method(Method I)와 in-vivo method를 시험 결과 측면에서 볼 때 상관 관계가 높게 나타났다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Shinsuwisaengtang (SSWST) extracts on antioxidant activity and inhibition of phototoxicity as a medicine for skin damage due to ultra violet stimulation. Methods : To determine the cytotoxicity of Hs68 cells from SSWST extracts, we investigated cell viability by MTT assay. To determine the protective effect of phototoxicity, we investigated cell viability after UVB radiation. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was examined to determine the antioxidant effect of SSWST extracts. Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to observe the protective effect of SSWST on UVB. Results : The cytotoxicity of SSWST extracts in Hs68 cells was not appeared significantly in all concentration. SSWST extracts significantly increased the viability of UVB-stimulated Hs68 cells at a concentration of 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$. SSWST extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging than the control group. It was observed that SSWST extracts inhibited the apoptosis of the UVB-stimulated Hs68 cells through a fluorescence microscope. Conclusions : It was observed that SSWST did not induce cytotoxicity at a constant concentration and had a protective effect on phototoxicity and an antioxidant effect. Thus, it is considered that it maybe used as a medicine to cure skin damage caused by UVB and photoaging changes in the future.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

This study was conducted to assess a possible alternative method as replacements for in vivo test. The human fibroblasts were exposed to several photoxic chemicals (promethazine, neutral red, chlortetracyclone, amiodatone, bithional, 8-methyooxypsorale) and non-phototoxi substance, ammonium laureth sulfate and irradiatied with 5 J/$cm^2$ of UVA (3320~420nm). The cell viability was measured by NRU (neutral red uptake) assay. The photoxic potential of test chemicals in the NRU PT (phototoxicity test) was assessed by determining the PIF (photoirritancy Factor) by using a cut-off value of 5. The NRU PT responses of most chemicals showed a close agreement with in vivo response except bithinol. There was a relatively good agreement between in vitro NRU assay and in vivo data. These results suggest that NRU assay using fibroblast could be used to predict the phototoxicity.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Signal transduction in Toxicology
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• pp.117-117
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to assess a possible alternative method as replacement for in vivo phototoxicity test. The 3T3 mouse fibroblast neutral red uptake phototoxicity assay (3T3 NRU PT assay) is a screening method for studying DNA or cellular damage. Photohemolysis assay is a mechanistic study for investigating oxygen-dependent membrane damage.(omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

With ultraviolet and visible light exposure, some pharmaceutical substances applied systemically or topically may cause phototoxic skin irritation. The major factor in phototoxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion that cause oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Thus, measuring the generation of ROS can predict the phototoxic potential of a given substance indirectly. For this reason, a standard ROS assay (ROS assay) was developed and validated and provides an alternative method for phototoxicity evaluation. However, negative substances are over-predicted by the assay. Except for ultraviolet A (UVA), other UV ranges are not a major factor in causing phototoxicity and may lead to incorrect labeling of some non-phototoxic substances as being phototoxic in the ROS assay when using a solar simulator. A UVA stimulator is also widely used to evaluate phototoxicity in various test substances. Consequently, we identified the applicability of a UVA simulator to the ROS assay for photoreactivity. In this study, we tested 60 pharmaceutical substances including 50 phototoxins and 10 non-phototoxins to predict their phototoxic potential via the ROS assay with a UVA simulator. Following the ROS protocol, all test substances were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or sodium phosphate buffer. The final concentration of the test solutions in the reaction mixture was 20 to $200{\mu}M$. The exposure was with $2.0{\sim}2.2mW/cm^2$ irradiance and optimization for a relevant dose of UVA was performed. The generation of ROS was compared before and after UVA exposure and was measured by a microplate spectrophotometer. Sensitivity and specificity values were 85.7% and 100.0% respectively, and the accuracy was 88.1%. From this analysis, the ROS assay with a UVA simulator is suitable for testing the photoreactivity and estimating the phototoxic potential of various test pharmaceutical substances.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.703-708
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• 1999

The effect of antioxidants on photochemical reaction of pefloxacin by UVB (290~320 nm) was investigated and the possible mechanism of phototoxicity on the skin was also studied. The photo-degradation of pefloxacin by UVB was suppressed by cysteine, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid, but was promoted by ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. Squalene, accounts for more than 10% of skin surface lipids, was peroxidized by pefloxacin through both radical and singlet oxygen mechanism.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.112-112
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• 2003

Air pollution is made up by complex mixture exhausted from cars, industries and incinerators etc. Those pollutants come from everywhere without border and contain phototoxic and photogenotoxic chemicals including PAHs exhausted in the air. We have published that the chemicals which show phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity are closely related in mechanistic and the PAHs react as a strong photocatalyzer by radical productions under UV exposure.(omitted)

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives : Oxidation by active oxygen in the body, phototoxicity and photoallergic interest has grown, antioxidant and phototoxicity inhibiting substances for research progress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on antioxidant and phototoxicity of Rubus coreanus Fruits. Meterial and Methods : Hs68 cell lines using the DPPH radical scavenging activity, cytotoxic, phototoxic inhibitory activity and apoptosis were measured. Results : 1. In MTT assay, the concentrations of Rubus coreanus Fruits that were used on the test had no cytotoxicity. 2. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$ anti-oxidant effect of Rubus coreanus Fruits was statistically significant increased than control group in dose-dependantly. 3. In phototoxic inhibitory activity, Rubus coreanus Fruits dose-dependently increased the cell viability of Hs68 cell lines. 4. The concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ Rubus coreanus Fruits inhibited the enrichment of nucleus in the Hs68 cell stimulated with UVB. Conclusions : These results indicate that Rubus coreanus Fruits has anti-oxidant effects and Phototoxic Inhibitory Activity. If further study is performed, the use of Rubus coreanus Fruits will be valuable and beneficial in the therapy of skin aging and damage.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Signal transduction in Toxicology
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• pp.109-109
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the neutral red uptake assay as an alternative method for phototoxicity test, we compared the potential of phototoxicity in vitro in cultured human fibroblasts and 3T3 fibroblast cells derived from Balb/c mice. Both fibroblasts were exposed to various known phototoxic chemicals (promethazine, neutral red, chlorpromazine, chlortetracycline, amiodarone, bithionol, 8-methoxypsoralen) and non-phototoxic chemical (ammonium laureth sulfate) and irradiated with 5 J/cm$^2$ of UVA.(omitted)

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 1998

광독성 및 광알러지를 일으키는 물질인 phenothiazine계 약물중 chlopromazine(CPZ), perphenazine(PPZ), trifluoperazine(TFZ), promethazine(PMZ)을 택하여 적혈구에서의 광용혈현상을 Kahn 등의 방법에 의하여 UVB(UV irradiation RMX-3W, $1.5\;J/\textrm{cm}^2$)을 조사하여 약물 농도별로 측정한 결과 CPZ, PPZ은 UVB 조사에 의해 약물농도에 따라 현저히 적혈구 용혈현상이 증가 되었으며 이는 ascorbic acid에 의해 유의성 있게 감소되었고, 각 약물의 광독성 물질 생성 여부와 이에 의한 용혈독성을 조사해 보니 CPZ, PMZ에서 관찰되었고 ascorbic acid에 의해 그 현상이 감소되었다.