• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the elderly women patients' experience of treatment for total knee replacement. Methods: The participants in this study are 10 elderly women age 65 and over who were discharged after total knee replacement. The data were collected from August 5, to September 20, 2012, and it has been done by in-depth interview. Data were analyzed the phenomenological method of Colaizzi. Results: In this study, four categories were extracted: 'Suffering due to intolerable pain', 'A stable mind and body', 'Retrospection about old wounds', 'A desire for a new life'. Conclusion: This study provides the useful basic data to understand the elderly women patients who have experienced total knee replacement. Nursing intervention is required for pain control after surgery in order to improve the quality of life. In addition, nursing care through individual counseling and emotional support during the recovery period is very important. Therefore, various programs should be developed for elderly women patients to help their body recovery as well as psychological support after total knee replacement surgery.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.105-117
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• 2019

Purpose : Using qualitative research and a phenomenological approach, the present study aimed to explore men's experiences of becoming a nurse. We posed the question "What has been your experience of becoming a nurse?" Methods : Eleven male nurses from three regions in Korea were selected through convenience sampling. The protocol suggested by Colaizzi was used for data analysis. Results : The principal themes were "Challenging to the stochastic stereotype of gender mechanics," "Floating outside the enclosure of multiple groups," "The male nurse's conceptualization of nursing organizations," "To stand with self-doubt, thinking of it as a stopover," and "Situations encountered by a male nurse." Conclusion : Men experience gender discrimination based on the social roles that are imposed on males and females both at school and in the workplace. They prefer to work where they have more diverse tasks that require quick responses. However, most male nurses adapt to this work by outlasting the difficulties. These nurses become accustomed to their tasks, and satisfied with their mature work performance. They often feel they are not adequately compensated for their work. They may judge the future as uncertain, and have lingering doubts about maintaining their positions, ultimately gravitating toward specialized fields that promise a brighter future and are more consistent with traditional gender expectations.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 1993

Phenomenological nonlinear gain saturation effect on the modulation characteristics in a multi-electrode DBR laser, when the lasing wavelength changes, continuously is analized theoretically. FM efficiency, 3 dB bandwidth, and resonance frequency decrease with increasing bias current to the passive section, except increasing the flat FM response. It is found that the nonlinear gain saturation effect severely affects the modulation characteristics such as FM/IM response, 3 dB bandwidth, resonance frequency and CPR, but hardly affects the behavior of continuous frequency tuning.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1994

The variation of the microstructures and the mechanical properties with varying vacuum hot pressing temperature and pressure was investigated in PyM processed 20 vol%) SiCw/ 2124Al composites. As increasing the vacuum hot pressing temperature, the aspect ratio of whiskers and density of composites increased due to the softening of 2124Al matrix with the increased amount of liquid phase. The tensile strength of composite increased with increasing vacuum hot pressing temperature up to $570^{\circ}C$ and became saturated above $570^{\circ}C$, To attain the high densification of composites above 99%, the vacuum hot pressing pressure was needed to be above 70 MPa. However, the higher vacuum hot pressing pressure above 70 MPa was not effective to increase the tensile strength due to the reduced aspect ratio of SiC whiskers from damage of whiskers during vacuum hot pressing. A phenomenological equation to predict the tensile strength of $SiC_w$/2124AI composite was proposed as a function including two microstructural parameters, i.e. density of composites and aspect ratio of whiskers. The tensile strength of $SiC_w$/2124AI were found more sensitive to the porosity than other P/M materials due to the higher stress concentration and reduced load transfer efficiency by the pores locating at whisker/matrix interfaces.

• School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.633-642
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• 2002

This paper focuses on the concepts of a value of ratio and a rate in elementary school mathematics. Although the concept of a value of ratio can be distinguished meaningfully from that of a rate by phenomenological analyses, this distinction is impossible at the elementary school level. Two concepts tend to be treated as identical, therefore they need to be classified by the other methods. By analyzing the series of mathematics textbooks from the first curriculum to the present 7th curriculum, this paper investigated how two concepts have been transposed into the products of school mathematics. In addition, we discussed how the difference of two concepts in the changing process of definitions have been presented clearly to the students. As a result, this paper concluded that the difference of two concepts has not been developed clearly for elementary students in general, except the textbook by the 7th curriculum. The definitions of two concepts were described obscurely so that the students may confuse the concept of a value of ratio with that of a rate. The role of a value of ratio needs to be reconsidered when it is applied to set proportional expressions. Therefore, this paper suggests not adhering to the terminology ‘value of ratio’ to present the ratio as a quotient or the rate as a fractional representation in school mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2013

The Cahn-Hilliard equation was proposed as a phenomenological model for describing the process of phase separation of a binary alloy. The equation has been applied to many physical applications such as amorphological instability caused by elastic non-equilibrium, image inpainting, two- and three-phase fluid flow, phase separation, flow visualization and the formation of the quantum dots. To solve the Cahn-Hillard equation, many numerical methods have been proposed such as the explicit Euler's, the implicit Euler's, the Crank-Nicolson, the semi-implicit Euler's, the linearly stabilized splitting and the non-linearly stabilized splitting schemes. In this paper, we investigate each scheme in finite-difference schemes by comparing their performances, especially stability and efficiency. Except the explicit Euler's method, we use the fast solver which is called a multigrid method. Our numerical investigation shows that the linearly stabilized stabilized splitting scheme is not unconditionally gradient stable in time unlike the known result. And the Crank-Nicolson scheme is accurate but unstable in time, whereas the non-linearly stabilized splitting scheme has advantage over other schemes on the time step restriction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2017

Purpose : This qualitative study aimed to determine the health problems and thoughts regarding health promotion of residents of the community. Method : Eighteen residents living in S-gu (local area) located in Busan city and health professionals working in health-related workplaces in the area were selected as participants. Focus groups were extracted and composed, and a focus group interview was conducted for six months from November 2015 to April 2016. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological method outlined by Colaizzi. Result : There were 187 significant statements derived from the data obtained from focus group interviews. These statements were categorized into 33 meaning units based on the researcher's interpretation. Thirteen themes were derived from the derived meaning units and finally categorized into five theme clusters: "People who are trapped in," "Health is what you make yourself," "Pathetic health problems in our community," "Finding solutions to health problems," and "Shortcuts to healthy community." Conclusion : The study results can be applied to the identification of a community health problem and the construction of a long-term health promotion system. In future research, it will be necessary to conduct an experimental study on various programs and approaches for promoting community health, which reflects the solutions to the health problems in the community.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.63-86
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• 2014

The present study aims to phenomenologically investigate the adaptation experiences of Vietnamese immigrant women, with in the sociocultural context of their native country. In-depth interviews with a total of seven Vietnamese immigrant women were analyzed by the phenomenological method of A. Giorgi(1997). A total of 127 meaning units and 7 themes with 17 sub-themes, which rendered central meanings that indicated situational structures, were derived. The statements of situational structures were re-categorized in accordance with the sociocultural context of their native country. As the socioeconomic aspect, "aspiration for new opportunities and a new world" and "disappointment and frustration" were derived. The aspect of familial value and culture involved "conflicts over the unilateral acceptance of differences" and "building social relationships". The aspect of female status was associated with "conflicts due to patriarchal hierarchy". The aspect of child caring involved "education as a symbolic value" and the "double-sidedness of mother identity strategy". The gist of Vietnamese immigrant women's adaptation experiences is "to grow into a subjective mother despite conflicts due to the disappointment and frustration behind aspirations".

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how divorced mothers had decided to take custody of their children and became single mothers. The experiences of their lives after divorce were also explored. Data were collected from 17 Korean divorced mothers who were divorced between 2004 and 2009, and were raising at least one minor child. The data were analyzed based on the phenomenological data analysis method. Three main themes were identified: (a) reasons for deciding to have physical custody of the children, (b) mothers' experiences of adjustment after divorce, and (c) mothers' need for a policy concerning the well-being of their families. According to the divorced mothers, they decided to have physical custody of the children since they believed raising children was their natural duty of mothers or they were the most appropriate ones to raise the children rather than the fathers. While the mothers were satisfied with their lives after divorce in general, they also experienced difficulties including child care and financial strain. In particular, most mothers experienced work-family conflict related to the lack of reliable child care. When their family lives and work lives collided, the mothers put their children first and chose jobs that helped them take care of their children at the same time. The divorced single mothers hoped that the social safety net for single parents would expand to support their independence. Implications for single-parent policy are discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate social workers' personal experiences providing social support to multi-cultural family in a multi-cultural family center. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 social workers at the multi-cultural family center, and were analyzed using a phenomenological research method. The major findings were as follows : The social workers' personal experiences with and understanding of social support were classified as 4 categories : 'source of emotional support to the multi-cultural family', 'diverse and systematic educational support', 'excessive demands on material support', and 'daily life support and connection with community network'. The social workers recognized emotional and educational support as essential factors in providing social support to multi-cultural family. However, the social workers' perceptions of material support derived from negative personal experiences stemming from excessive demands and misunderstanding for material support. These results showed that social workers at the multi-cultural family center provided multi-cultural families with social support and that they interacted with community support system and multi-cultural families to increase their satisfaction.