• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.572-584
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of job stress among nurses working in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used for the study. Data were collected from May to June, 2016 using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Participants were nurses working in long-term care hospitals and had reported experiences of stress. Six nurses participated in this study. Results: Six themes emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: (a) Heavy workload and responsibility due to nurse shortage, (b) Getting exhausted by caring for cognitively impaired patients, (c) Feeling pressure due to conflict with patients' family, (d) compassion for patients who are getting worse, (e) Low value in being a long-term hospital nurse, and (f) Efforts to overcome stress. Conclusion: Sufficient labor supply, environmental improvements, program for improving interpersonal skills, education and counseling on end-of-life care, and recognition improvement about long term hospital are suggested to reduce the job stress of long-term hospital nurses.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

Purpose: This phenomenological study aimed to identify breast cancer patients' experience of unkindness of healthcare providers. Methods: Ten participants who were diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited to participate in the study and asked to share their experience related to healthcare providers. Data were analyzed using the phenomenological method of Colaizzi. In-depth interviews were conducted from November, 2014 to March, 2015. Results: Seven consistent categories and fourteen theme clusters emerged from collected data. The seven themes were 'being treated thoughtlessly', 'not giving special services for breast cancer patients', 'cold and authoritative manner', 'incomplete explanation', 'not accepting an appeal', 'being sorry for having short consultation hours', and 'unskilled and careless treatment'. Conclusions: It is needed to develop health care services in the view of beneficiaries. This may reduce the patients' experience of unkindness of the healthcare providers and improve the satisfaction of health care service.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to explore and describe the experiences of mindfulness meditation (mindfulness- based stress reduction, MBSR) among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) as a method of cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: In-depth interviews was conducted with 7 participants with CAD post percutaneous coronary intervention. Main question was 'what is your experiences with MBSR?' Colaizzi's seven steps of phenomenological analysis was used for eliciting embedded meanings. Results: Five theme clusters were found; rediscovery of mindfulness meditation, obtaining self-control for stress management, self-worth, feeling of happiness, and looking into myself. Conclusion: This study provides a profound picture on the experiences of mindfulness meditation among participants with coronary artery disease. MBSR can help patients with CAD in reducing stress and to enhance their cardiac rehabilitations. It is hoped that mindfulness meditation can be used in clinical setting as a part of cardiac rehabilitation program.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

This study investigates how college students who are fertility women have a right to decide their own heritage. The participants of this study were 20-25 years old who were studying maternal nursing at a university in C province.Participants were 15 in total and conducted in-depth interviews three times until the meaning was no longer present.The data collection period was from November 15, 2017 to December 10.Interview data were processed using the phenomenological Giorgi method. As a result, 128 semantic units were derived, again divided into 9 sub-components, and then divided into 2 categories as final components. In conclusion, Participants agreed overall that abortion should not be increased. Participants agreed overall that abortion should not be increased. There are 5 sub-components in agree of abortion: 'ethical dilemmas', 'assuring women's autonomy', 'being a prepared parent', 'not wanting future misery', and 'women's health rights'. There are 4 sub-components to abortion: The preciousness of life', 'hasty decision', 'murder', 'moral responsibility'. If a sub-component is categorized into a phenomenological context, it can be concluded that there is "importance to life" and "difficulty of decision".

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.201-207
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• 2001

We modeled the liquid film dryout(LFD) process for both tube and annulus which have uniformly heated vertical channels. We set phenomenological initial conditions in the model. The initial void fraction on the onset of the annular flow location is derived from the physical chum-to-annular flow criterion with the help of the drift-flux-model. The initial thermodynamic-equilibrium-quality is calculated by iteration with the flow quality to find the onset of the annular-flow location. Present model tends to predict very well at the lower exit quality but under-estimates at the higher exit quality. We found that the prediction error of the present model is gradually bigger as the inlet subcooling approaches near the saturation. We obtained excellent results for both tube and annulus channels as the mean of 0.97 and root-mean-square error of 11% for the number of 3883 experimental data on tubes, and of 0.96 and of 12% for 593 on annuli. The present model extended the applicable range to the relatively low exit quality region than previous LFD models.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.892-900
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to use phenomenological perspectives to identify the meaning and structure of the observational experience of labor and delivery by student nurses in the clinical setting. The participants were 115 junior and senior students from Christian College of Nursing in Kwang Ju. The students were asked to write about their observational experience in the delivery room. Colaizzi's method was used for phenomenological analysis. The investigator analysed the data to identify and categorize themes and basic structural elements. Twelve themes and eight basic structure were identified. The process of the observational experience in labor and delivery has three proposed phases : anticipatory, observational and post-observational. In the anticipatory phase, nursing students were related only to the event of anticipated labor and delivery of clients. Structure 1, feeling of expectation and fear, was identified. In the observational phase, students were related to the labor and delivery situation, a woman delivered and a newborn. Structure 2, shock and suffering, was identified in relation to the labor and delivery situation. Structure 3, need for caring and satisfaction, was identified in relation to the woman delivered. Structure 4, feeling of mystery and joy, was identified in relation to the newborn. In the post-observational phase, relations between students and the life of a human being, students and self in the future, students and their mothers and students and women and God appeared. And in these relations 〈structure 5, valuable〉, 〈structure 6, feeling of expectation and fear〉, 〈structure 7, love and appreciation〉 and 〈structure 8, greatness〉 were identified.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.914-923
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• 2007

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to identify the common, lived experiences of grandmothers who cared for their grandchildren as the primary caregivers. Methods: This study was based on the phenomenological method described by Colaizzi (1978). Results: Seven theme clusters emerged from the data as follows: "grandmother caregivers accept the parenting role of the incessant responsibilities and the distrust of non-kin caregivers.", "grandmother caregivers have a double maternal roles; an instrument-oriented maternal role to their own child and relationship-oriented maternal role to their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers are partially authorized to make decisions in the matters of their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers suffer a deterioration in their health by an acceleration of the aging process.", "caregiving causes grandmother caregivers to feel a sense of social isolation, and persue various coping strategies to control this feeling.", "grandmother caregivers have a greater feeling of self-esteem, but they often conflict with their adult children if they don't feel appreciated by them.", "grandmother caregivers have limited social support and their health issues are often overlooked in the family context.' Conclusion: The results of this study can guide nurses and health care workers to understand the experiences of grandmother caregivers and to implement individualized nursing interventions suited for them.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1341-1350
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• 1992

This paper addresses the practical problem of finding a useful strain energy function of the incompressible rubberlike materials. It examines methods by which the form of the functions are determined and shows how the selection of experimental data influences the resulting form of the functions. From this information, an optimal choice of the form of energy functions becomes possible. Phenomenological theories used in this paper are limited to elastic, incompressible material models. Due to the nature of the phenomenological methods, these theories are accurate only for the materials treated. However, they serve as a starting basis for the study of more complicated material behaviors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.668-678
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• 2002

Purpose: The number of nursing home residents has been increasing in Korea. Nurses need to know the lived experience of relocation of the elderly to long-term care facilities. However, studies on this issue has not yet been conducted in Korea. Therefore, this study was carried out to understand the experience of institutionalization of the elderly using a phenomenological approach. Method: There were 11 participants who consisted of 5 men and 6 women living in 3 different nursing homes. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation from June 1999 to October 2001, and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Result: A total of 275 meaningful statements related to the experience of institutionalization by the elderly were obtained. Of the 275 statements, 175 were found as the statements with more general forms. 28 themes were grouped into 8 theme clusters. These theme clusters included' resentment at their sons', irresistible admission', 'humiliation on institutionalization', 'being unbearable to shock', 'grief to unfamiliarity', 'being in agony of outwards', 'regret for self-life' and 'comfort for new residence'. Conclusion: Based on these results. we can understand the lived experience of institutionalization of the Korean elderly. We need to develop a nursing program to help the elderly cope with this crisis, and studies about the familys experience on their parents admission to institutionalized facility warrant further exploration.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of the life experiences of the elderly in their leisure activities. It was done to provide fundamental data for nursing programs dealing with the elders. Method: The research took a phenomenological approach to the study. Eight participants, who were having leisure activities in the community, were observed thoroughly from September to November in 2008. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. By using Giorgi's phenomenological method, the data were analyzed in a qualitative way. Results: There were ten main themes that the health professionals should consider when dealing with the elderly: Changes in physical health conditions, Decreased role and less social interaction, Loneliness, Longing for and recalling of the past, Acknowledgement and acceptance of aging and death, Affection towards one's life, Yearning for a dignified life, Active health management, Enthusiastic participation in leisure activities, and Positive outlook and mindset. Conclusion: This study explored how the elderly people adjusted to the physical, psychological and social changes that they experienced. On the basis of the results, further research for the elders in other settings is needed to develop comprehensive programs that will improve their quality of life.