• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.550-553
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• 2006

This study measured corrosion rates for checking and analysis of Hume pipes in the housing sites. According to the result, Concrete pipe is deteriorating for twenty years by hydrogen sulfide(H2S). Investigation method applied phenolphthalein method(depth of neutrality). Phenolphthalein method measured average depth from concrete surface to coloring point by red after spraying phenolphthalein solution. A result of investigation, Life span of Hume pipe in the housing site is investigated of twenty years.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1993

The present study examined the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on acetaminophen (AA)-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats and also examined the effects of these compounds on the biliary excretion of phenolphthalein (PP) and the hepatic glucuronidation. Male Sprague-Da-wley rats were pretreated with BHA (0.75% in diet for 10 days) were given single dose of AA (600mg/kg, ip) and liver function was determined 24 hr later. Serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathology were used as indices of hepatotoxicity.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

Many failures of concrete structures are related to steel corrosion. For this reason, it is important to recognize how the carbonation can affect the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The repeatability of the carbonation depth measure in a specimen of concrete sprayed with a phenolphthalein solution is consistently low whereby it is necessary to have an impartial method to measure the carbonation depth. This study presents two automatic algorithms to detect the non-carbonated zone in concrete specimens. The first algorithm is based solely on digital processing image (DPI), mainly morphological and threshold techniques. The second algorithm is based on artificial intelligence, more specifically on an array of Kohonen networks, but also using some DPI techniques to refine the results. Moreover, another algorithm was developed with the purpose of measure the carbonation depth from the image obtained previously.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

이 연구에서는 산-염기 중화반응의 실험 방법에 관련된 과학 교과서 내용을 분석하고, 문제점을 개선하는데 목적이 있다. NaOH-HCl 수용액의 중화반응실험에서 1) 페놀프탈레인의 decoloration, 2) 염 생성 확인을 위해 적정된 용액의 농축을 위한 가열 과정에서의 색 변화, 3) 염 결정 확인의 어려움이 문제점으로 지적되었다. 이러한 문제점들은 페놀프탈레인의 구조변화에 근거하여 설명하였고, 개선된 실험방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.183-186
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• 2008

Carbonation is measured as Phenolphthalein Solution, it is possible to confirm the scope of alkali through acid and basic reaction. Then, Concrete Basic Reaction is decided according to alkali concentration depending on Potassium Hydroxide Now that Carbonation is gradually produced toward inner side from outer side, with time going by, it doesnt work, to some adequate depth, in as fast time as compulsory facilitating test. Thus, this research thesis made a comparative analysis on concrete phenomenal discoloration borderline following Phenolphthalein Solution, as part of a bid to measure Carbonation. Also, the thesis measured Concrete Alkali Concentration. The result showed that concrete coloring is classified into red and scarlet according to alkali concentration, and into borderline breakpoint of the speckle of scarlet and carbonation reaction. The higher chroma becomes with concrete decolorizing, the higher alkali concentration becomes.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.241-242
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• 2021

In this study, we develop the damage depth diagnostic technology of fire damage concrete and propose an method of impaired depth due to fire by drying impaired concrete after immersing. Test results indicated that when assesing impared depth due to fire with the dry method after water immersing, impaired depth was clearly found and furthermore, compared with that by Phenolphthalein method 10 mm of damage depth was additionally identified, which is imposible to asses when Phenolphthalein is applied.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.245-246
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• 2021

In this study, we develop the damage depth diagnostic technology of fire damage concrete and propose an method of impaired depth due to fire by drying impaired concrete after immersing. Test results indicated that when assesing impared depth due to fire with the dry method after water immersing, impaired depth was clearly found and furthermore, compared with that by Phenolphthalein method 15 mm of damage depth was additionally identified, which is imposible to asses when Phenolphthalein is applied.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1970

Only mannitol or glycerine is generally used for the determination of boric acid in a nickel plating solution in order to make its acidic property so strong that it can be titrated with NaOH. However, these solutions give very amgiguous color change of indicator due to the precipitation of nickel salts . Therefore, only experienced dchemistsorwell trained workimen can accurately confirm the actual end point of the titratiion. For eliminating such interference of nickel salts and easily confirming the end point by any persons , the author attempted to find out a solution which produces no precipitates during the titration in these experiments, and also he tried to funish the reason for ambiguousness in titration. The following results were obtained after many experiments. (1) In any titrations which produce nickel salts such nI(oh)$_2$, the salt is formed umption very approximate to the end point, which shows some error by the consumption of titrant(NaOH) . Then, the pink color of phenolphthalein is absorbed by Ni(OH)$_2$ and the pH jumping at the end pint is also diminished to as little as less than 15% of the total phenophthalein ph range. (2) Known methods by complex salts of citrate,w hich do not produce precipitates of Ni(OH)$_2$, are also not very satisfactory, because, the pH jumping at the end point is only about 35% and the color change of phenolphthalein is form blue-green to purple-blue. (3) New method by complex salts of oxalate were attempted in these experiments. They also did not produce precipitates of Ni(OH)$_2$ and were very satisfactory in color change at the end of point was about 65% and the color change was from blue-green to purpled. In this methods, analytica cost was minimized by the use of less amounts of cheaper chemicals than the conventional citrates complex methods. The mixture of chemicals used was composed methods. The mixture of chemical used was composed of 37g/ι of sodium oxalate(Na$_2$C$_2$O$_4$$.$5H$_2$O), 2g/ι of phenolphthalein, and 400ml /ι of glycerin. The accuracy of analysis was within the error of 0.5%. (4) The procedure of analysis was as follows. One ml of nickel plating solution was taken out and to it were added 20ml of water and 20 ml of the above mixture for the indicator. The solution was titrated with 0.1N NaOH. The quantity of boric acid was calculated by the following equation. Boric acid (g/ι) = 6.184${\times}$F${\times}$ml .

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2009

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 피압이 DCM 개량체의 역학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 피압의 크기를 조절할 수 있는 공시체용 수조를 제작하여 실내실험을 수행하였다. 피압의 크기는 실험실 규모 및 동수경사를 고려하여 결정하였다. 실험 결과, 피압의 크기가 증가함에 따라 일축압축강도, 할선탄성계수, 단위중량은 선형적으로 감소하고, 함수비는 증가하였다. 또한, 개량체의 응력-변형 거동은 피압이 증가함에 따라 취성에서 연성 형태의 거동을 보었다. 피압 작용으로 발생한 유출수는 개량체의 용탈현상으로 인해 페놀프탈레인 용액에 반응하는 결과를 보였다. 또한, SEM 촬영 결과 입자 사이에 작은 양의 에트린자이트가 형성되어 있는 것을 확인하였다.