• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.84-95
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• 2006

Costunolide is an active sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the root of Saussurea lappa Clarke and is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities, including anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the pharmacological pathways of costunolide have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, its cytotoxic effects were examined using AGS gastric cancer cells. Its treatment resulted in apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effects were attributed to the regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules and suppression of anti-apoptotic molecules. These results suggest that costunolide may be a candidate to deal with gastric cancers by chemopreventive agents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1990

This study was conducted to further purify and characterize a polysaccharide fraction from whole parts of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke, which was previously reported to show an antitumor activity by us. Mild acid-treatment of the fraction by 5% acetic acid yielded three subtractions (Fr. A,B and C) on a Sephadex G-25. Fr. A was composed of uronic acid, hexose, pentose and phenolic substance, Fr. C mainly phenolic substance, and Fr. B contained hexose. All three fractions exhibited colony stimulating factor activity.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.299.3-300
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• 2002

Both of Semen (OF-Se) or stem (OF-Sf) of Opuntia ficus-indica Semen have been used as a healthful food or folk medicine in korea for the treatment of asthma. diabetes mellitus. aging, osteoporosis, rheumatic arthritis. constipation, cancer. gastric ulcer. constipation. toxic state, edema, etc, There are many reports that OF have the anti-gastric damage, wound healing, diabetes mellitus, monoamine oxidase B inhibitor etc. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.402.3-403
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• 2002

Cilostazol. a quinolinone derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase. is used for the treatment of intermittent claudication resulting from peripheral arterial disease. In order to perform pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of cilostazol, specific. sensitive and reproducible analysis methods are demanded. Therefore. in the present study. an analytical method of cilostazol in human plasma was developed using semi-microbore HPLC equipped with automated column switching system. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.21-27
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• 1970

Isoimperatorin and Oxypeucedanin isolated from root of Angelica Koreana Max. (Umbelliferae) that is used as "Kang-Whal" a botanical drug, in Korea, Show following general pharmacologic activities. The treatment with Oxypeucedanin on the exercised duodenum of the rabbit increased the motility of it while isoimperatorin shows little effects. But on the exercised heart of the frogs, both components depressed its contractility. Whereas Oxypeucedanin depressed both blood pressure of the carotied artery and respiration of the rabbit, Isoimperatorin tends to increase blood pressure, respiration and the tonus of the muscle of the earth worm. Oxypeucedanin did not affect the tonus of the muscles of the earth worm, but depressed the uterus contraction of the rabbit, which was, on the contrary, increased by Isoimperatorin.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2008

Anti-diabetic effect was observed with Thespesia lampas Dalz & Gibs (Family: Malvaceae) when given as a root extract in normal as well as alloxan induced diabetic rats. The effects, however, were more pronounced in diabetic animals in which administration of plant extract for 15 days after alloxan induced diabetes, significantly reduced blood glucose levels. After alloxan induced diabetes it was observed that both standard drug (glibenclamide) and aqueous extract of Thespesia lampas were significantly superior to control in reducing blood sugar on long term treatment (15 days). The aqueous extract of T. lampas (300 and 600 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose levels from $349.2{\pm}7.2$ to $120.7{\pm}4.6$ and $346.3{\pm}3.4$ to $101.8{\pm}6.3$, respectively. The data suggested that T. lampas could be of beneficial in diabetes mellitus in controlling blood sugar. The present investigation established pharmacological evidence to support the folklore claim as an anti-diabetic.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2009

Pharmacological investigations were carried out with aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. (Meliaceae) leaves. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the $LD_{50}$ dose of AME was 600 mg/kg, i.p. AME was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute, sub-chronic and chronic models of inflammation. AME selectively inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity, which is involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and biosynthesis of prostaglandins under inflammatory conditions. Treatment with AME significantly enhanced total peritoneal cell count and the number of macrophages in normal mice, which revealed that AME may also alter the immune response along with its anti-inflammatory effect. The saponins or the alkaloids present in AME may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.935-943
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• 2008

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity, as well as forgetfulness, poor impulse control or impulsivity, and distractibility. The recommended evaluation includes documenting the type and severity of ADHD symptoms, verifying the presence of normal vision and hearing, screening for comorbid psychological conditions, reviewing the child's developmental history and school performance, and applying objective measures of cognitive function. Prevailing opinion characterizes ADHD as a disorder of executive function attributable to abnormal dopamine transmission in the frontal lobes and frontostriatal circuitry. A clearly defined etiology remains unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic link. The aim of treatment is to decrease symptoms, enhance functionality, and improve well-being for the child and his or her close contacts. Stimulants remain the pharmacological agents of first choice for the management of ADHD, and psychosocial, behavioral and educational strategies that enhance specific behaviors may improve educational and social functioning in children with ADHD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.41-76
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis is an incurable chronic inflammatory and destructive arthopathy that affects 1% of the population world-wide. It has substantial personal, social and economic costs. The long-term prognosis is poor: 80 percent of affected patients will become disabled within 20 years after onset of disease. Medical costs of rheumatoid arthritis average ∼$ 6000 (US) per patient (1), Current antirheumatic drugs have limited efficacy and many side effects and more importantly they do not improve the long-term prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (2). After a decade of few notable advances in therapy, several biological response modifiers that target pathophysiological processes in the disease have now emerged in the clinic. These new drugs are termed biological agents, and although information about their use in the clinic is still limited to short term treatment, they appear to have the ability to modify disease progress. In addition, COX-2 selective agents have now been approved that have comparable efficacy with standard NSAIDs, but fewer gastrointestinal side effects (3). Thus today many more therapeutic options are suddenly open to patients that even five years ago had little hope of relief from chronic pain and inflammation.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children, and is associated with increased mortality and long-term renal sequelae. The definition of pediatric AKI was standardized based on elevation in serum creatinine levels or decrease in urine output; accordingly, epidemiological studies have ensued. Although new biomarkers appear to detect AKI earlier and predict prognosis more accurately than traditional markers, they are not frequently used in clinical setting. There is no validated pharmacological intervention for AKI, so prevention and early detection are the mainstays of treatment. For high risk or early stage AKI patients, optimization of volume status and blood pressure, avoidance of nephrotoxins, and sufficient nutritional support are necessary, and have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the occurrence of AKI and improving prognosis. Nevertheless, renal replacement therapy is needed when conservative care fails.