• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. To achieve periodontal regeneration, various kinds of methods have been investigated and developed, including guided tissue regeneration and bone graft. Bone graft can be catagorized into autografts, allografts, xenografts, bone substitutes. And materials of all types have different biological activity and the capacity for periodontal regeneration, but ideal graft material has not been developed that fits all the requirement of ideal bone graft material. Recently, bioactive glass that has been utilized in plastic surgery is being investigated for application in dental practice. But, there has not been any long-term assessment of bioactive glass when used in periodontal intrabony defects. The present study evaluates the long-term effects of bioactive glass on the periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects of human and the effect of plaqu control on long term treatment results after dividing patients into those who underwent 3-month regular check-up and those who didn't under go regular check-up The clinical effect on 74sites from 17 infrabony pockets of 11 patients were analyzed 36months after treatment. 51 sites which underwent regular check up were classified as the Follow-up group(F/U group), and 23 sites which did not undergo regular check up were classified as Non Follow-up group(Non F/U group). After comparing the probing depth, attachment loss, bone probing depth before and 36months after treatment, the following results could be concluded. 1. The changes of probing pocket depth showed a statistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36 months after treatment in F/U group(1.79${\pm}$0.68mm) and did no show astatistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36months after treatment in Non F/U group(0.61${\pm}$0.54mm) (P<0.05). 2. The changes of loss of attachment showed a statistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36 months after treatment in F/U group(1.44${\pm}$0.74mm) and did no show astatistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36months after treatment in Non F/U group(1.18${\pm}$1.54) (P<0.05). 3. The changes of bone probing depth showed a statistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36 months after treatment in both F/U(1.35${\pm}$0.28) and Non F/U group(0.78${\pm}$0.55mm) (P<0.05). The results suggest that treatment of infrabony defects with bioactive glass resulted in significan reduction of attachment loss and bone probing depth 36months after the treatment. The use of bioactive glass in infrabony defects, combined with regular check-up and proper plaque control generally shows favorable clinical results. This measn that bioactive glass could be a useful bone substitute.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.39 no.sup2
• /
• pp.239-251
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Full-mouth disinfection enables to reduce the probability of cross contamination from untreated pockets to treated ones, for completing the entire SRP under local anesthesia with chlorhexidine as a mouth wash in two visits within 24 hours. This study aimed to compare the clinical effects of modified full-mouth disinfection (Fdis) after 6 months with those of conventional SRP (cSRP). Methods: Thirty non-smoking chronic periodontitis subjects were randomly allocated two groups. The Fdis group underwent the entire SRP under local anesthesia in two visits within 24 hours, a week after receiving supragingival scaling. A chlorhexidine (0.1%) solution was used for rinsing and subgingival irrigation for Fdis. The cSRP group received SRP per quadrant under local anesthesia at one-week intervals, one week after they had received scaling. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, after 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: There are significant (P<0.05) decreases in the sulcus bleeding index, and plaque index, and the increases in gingival recession were significantly smaller with Fdis after six months compared with cSRP. There was significant improvement in the probing depth and clinical attachment level for initially medium-deep pockets (4-6mm) after Fdis compared with cSRP. Multi-rooted teeth showed significantly larger attachment gain up to six months after Fdis. Single-rooted teeth showed significantly more attachment gain, 1 and 6 months after Fdis. Conclusions: Fdis has more beneficial effects on reducing gingival inflammation, plaque level, probing depth, gingival recession and improving clinical attachment level over cSRP.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 1986

Previous studies have developed the technique of topical application of tetracycline(TC) into the periodontal pockets and examined the change of clinical parameters and subgingival microbial morphotypes. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the clinical and microbiological effects of topically applied TC in a double-blind and split-mouth design. Thirteen patients with moderate periodontitis, who were treated with or without TC application and scaling treatment, were examined. TC gel(3%) was used to apply into the selected periodontal pockets twice a week for 2 weeks. During the experiment, clinical parameters and subgingival microbial morphotypes were examined, and for isolation of black-pigmented Bacteroides(BPB) and streptococci, an anaerobic sample culturing was done at week 0, 2, and 7. In clinical observation the TC-scaled group exhibited a significant decrease of Gingival Inflammatory Index, Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, pocket depth, and gingival crevicular fluid when compared to the TC-unsealed, placebo-scaled, and placebo-unsealed groups. The result of microbial morphotype observation showed a significant increase of coccal form and a decrease of spirochetes in the TC-scaled, TC-unscaled, and placebo-scaled groups. The culture study of streptococci revealed that TC with scaling treatment resulted in a significant increase of S. sanguis I at week 2, but its proportion had returned to the base line level. The anaerobic culture study showed that BPB was significantly reduced in the TC-scaled and TC-unsealed groups at week 7. Among BPB species, B. intermedius declined significantly with time treatment(week 2 and 7) in the TC-scaled and TC-unsealed groups. These results suggest that the settled pathogenic microflora can be succeeded by nonpathogenic microflora in periodontal pockets after TC treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of experimentally developed gel type tetracycline HCl and a mixture of tetracycline-citric acid gel, and compare to those of solution type tetracycline HCl. 11 extracted anterior teeth were subjected to this study. After scaling and root planing teeth were randomly divided into 3 treatments groups : group 1; 3 teeth were irrigated with tetracycline HCl(50mg/ml) solution , group 2; tetracycline gel (5%) was inserted in the periodontal pockets of 3 teeth, group 3; a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid gel was inserted in the pockets of 3 teeth. And 2 teeth treated in 0.9 % sterile saline served as controls. After 5-minute exposure, each tooth immediately extracted and incubated at room temperature for 22 days in tris-buffered saline as a desorption media. The total volume of TBS was removed and replaced with fresh TBS, at 24-h intervals. Removed desorption media transferred to a sterile vial and stored at -70 oC. This procedure was repeated every 24 h throughout the 22-day desorption period. Using Porphyromonas gingivalis as an indicator organism, a microtiter assay was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity desorbed from the teeth. 1. 50mg/ml tetracycline HCl solution exhibited the longest antimicrobial activity. Compared to saline treated group, it showed significant difference on the day 1 and day 2 desorption period. 2. The ODs of 5% tetracycline gel and a mixture of tetracycline-citric acid gel were significantly different during the first 24 hour only. 3. There was no statistically significant difference after the day 3 between the groups.(p<0.05). Despite our expectation a mixture of tetracycline-citric acid gel did not show longer antimicrobial activities than those of tetracycline gel, and the solution type exhibited the longest activities. Because the gel type agents may stay in the subgingival environment longer than the solution, if the teeth were not extracted immediately after the delivery of the agent, the result could be different. hus this result suggests the possibilities of practical use of these kind of gel type agents.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.629-638
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expression of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was devided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: In the analysis of expression levels, Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 expressions were similar in group 1 and 2. Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 expressions was more increased in group 3 than group 1, 2. The difference between group 3 and group 1, 2 was statistically significant. Also, in the interrelationship of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 expressions, expressions of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 showed increasing tendency in chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM and it seems that the MT-MMP-1 expressions were increasing in proportion to Stromelysin-1 expressions. Conclusion: It is suggested that Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 may be partly involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM, as related to a metabolism of other factors, such as AGE, plasmin and other inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the expression levels of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 can be inflammatory markers of periodontal inflammed tissue with type 2 DM.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.374-385
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of locally delivered 1% alendronate (ALN) gel used as an adjunct to non-invasive periodontal therapy. Methods: Ligature-induced periodontitis was performed in 96 rats. The ligature was tied in the cervical area of the mandibular left first molar. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) NT, no treatment; 2) SRP, scaling and root planning; 3) SRP/PLA, SRP followed by filling the periodontal pocket with placebo gel (PLA); and 4) SRP/ALN, SRP followed by filling the periodontal pockets with 1% ALN gel. Histomorphometric (percentage of bone in the furcation region [PBF]) and immunohistochemical (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) analyses were performed. Data were statistically analyzed, with the threshold of statistical significance set at P≤0.05. Results: The SRP, SRP/PLA, and SRP/ALN groups presented a higher PBF than the NT group (P≤0.01) at 7, 15, and 30 days. The SRP/ALN group presented a higher PBF than the SRP/PLA group in all experimental periods, as well as a higher PBF than the SRP group at 15 and 30 days. No differences were observed in the immunohistochemical analyses (P>0.05 for all). Conclusions: Locally delivered 1% ALN gel used as an adjunct to SRP enhanced bone regeneration in the furcation region in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.565-576
• /
• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. To achieve periodontal regeneration, various kinds of methods have been investigated and developed, including guided tissue regeneration and bone graft. Bone graft can be catagorized into autografts, allografts, xenografts, bone substitutes. And materials of all types have different biological activity and the capacity for periodontal regeneration, but ideal graft material has not been developed that fits all the requirement of ideal bone graft material. Intensive research is underway to identity, purify, synthesize a variety biologic modulators that may enhance wound healing and regeneration of lost tissues in periodontal therapy. The present study evaluates the effects of ABM/P-15 on the periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects of human. We used thirty four 2-wall or 3-wall osseous defects in premolars and molars of chronic peridontitis patient that have more than 5mm pockets and more than 3mm in intrabony defect. 12 negative control group underwent flap procedure only, 11 positive control group received DFDBA graft with flap procedure, and 11 experimental group received ABM/P-15 graft with flap procedure. The changes of probing pocket depth, loss of attachment and bone probing depth following 6months after treatment revealed the following results: 1. The changes of probing pocket depth showed a statistically significant decrease between after scaling and 6months after treatment in negative control(2.0${\pm}$0.9mm), positive control(3.0${\pm}$0.9mm), and experimental group (3.4${\pm}$1.5mm) (P<0.01). Significantly more reduction was seen in experimental group compared to negative control group (P<0.05). 2. The changes of loss of attachment showed a statistically significant decrease between after scaling and 6months after treatment in positive control(2.0${\pm}$0.6mm), and experimental group (2.2${\pm}$l.0mm) except negative control group(0.1${\pm}$0.7mm) (P<0.01). Significantly more reduction was seen in both experimental and positive control group compared to negative control group(P<0.05). 3. The changes of bone probing depth showed a statistically significant decrease between after scaling and 6months after treatment in positive control(2.7${\pm}$l.0mm), and experimental group (3.4${\pm}$1.3mm) except negative control(0.l${\pm}$0.9mm) (9<0.01). Significantly more reduction was seen in both experimental and positive control group compared to negative control group (P<0.05). The results suggest that the use of ABM/P-15 in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects can reduce loss of attachment and bone probing depth more than flap operation only. It suggests that ABM/P-15 may be an effective bone graft material for the regeneration of periodontal tissue in intrabony defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.421-432
• /
• 1994

The local route of antibiotic administration can accomplish higher therapeutic doses in subgingival sites than those possible by systemic therapy. This investigation assessed on the clinical and microbiological effect of 30% Minocycline loaded polycaprolactone film (Mino-strip) on rapidly progressive periodontitis. Mino-strip was applied in the periodontal pockets of 15 patients with clinically diagnosed as a rapidly progressive periodontitis. 8sites for each patient with a 5mm probing pocket depth were selected in split mouth design and were assigned into group. i.e., placebo(group 1), supragingival scaling and R/P(group 2), Mino-strip applied only(group 3), R/P and Mino-strip applied(group 4). Supragingival scaling and oral hygiene instruction were performed 1 wk before experiment. Mino-strip was applied weekly on day 0 and 7. Clinical and microbiological test were performed on day 0, 7, 14, 28, 56. In R/P and Mino-strip applied group, Gingival index, GCF volume, probing depth and loss of attachment level were significantly reduced after the first weeks following treatment. In R/P and Mino-strip applied group, the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced and the proportions of cocci and non motile rod were correspondingly increased for eight weeks following treatment. In R/P and Mino-strip treated group, total anaerobic and aerobic bacterial count were significantly decreased for the first two weeks following treatment and streptococcus count was decreased for eight weeks following treatment. In R/P and Mino-strip applied group, P. gingivalis, P. intermedius, B. forsythus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, E. corrodens, C. rectus counts were significantly reduced after the first week following treatment. According to this study, it is appeared that 30% Minocycline-loaded polycaprolacton film was effective in the treatment on rapidly progressive periodontitis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.586-590
• /
• 2009

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is rare inherited defect on phagocytic function resulting lack of leukocyte cell surface expression of $\beta2$ integrin molecule that are essential for leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and chemotaxis. Clinical features of patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I include recurrent necrotic infection of the skin mucous membranes, and intestinal tract with septicemia, and omphalitis arising from delayed umbilical cord separation. Oral manifestations are severe progressive periodontitis with alveolar bone loss, periodontal pockets, and partial and total premature loss of the deciduous and permanent dentitions. We report a case of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I in a 5-year-old child with severe periodontitis. In order to prevent local and systemic infection, we controlled periodontal disease with periodic oral prophylaxis. Oral swabs and blood cultures were perfomed for suspected infection, so that optimal measures were taken through the use of appropriate antibiotics.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.655-664
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the qualities and problems to be solved to strengthen the vocational competency of dental hygienists and to identify the work to be institutionally established. Methods: From April 1 to May 30, 2019, a total of 325 people participated (152 registered dental hygienists: RDH, 173 students of dental hygiene: SDH) in this study. The survey items were as follows: "job awareness" (6 items), "problem to be solved to strengthen vocational competency" (5 items), "qualities to be equipped to strengthen"competency" (9 items), and "practical work to be institutionally established" (4 items). Results: RDH and SDH had the highest perception of professionalism (3.68, 3.99 points), and low remuneration against work (4.21, 4.18 points) was perceived as the most important problem to be solved. The qualities for competency reinforcement showed the highest results in expertise knowledge (4.68, 4.64 points) and vocation for job (3.76, 4.09 points). Practical work to be established institutionally appeared as follows: X-ray film reading, dental hygiene diagnosis, periodontal pocket measurement, and periodontal pockets (<6 mm) treatment. Conclusions: This study is expected to be actively used to strengthen the vocational competency among dental hygienists, construct work autonomy, and rationalize and legalize practical work.