• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2002

"측정할 수 없는 것은 관리할 수 없다"는 말은 성과측정 시스템의 중요성을 잘 나타내 주는 말이다. 또한 이처럼 어려움을 나타내는 표현도 없다. 기업의 유형자산은 재무제표나 손익계산서 등의 구체적인 금액으로 측정이 가능하나 기업의 무형자산에 대한 가치측정은 많은 방법들이 도입되어 왔지만 어느 하나도 객관적인 틀을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 LG경제연구원에서 제시한 지식자산 축적모형(XYZ모형)을 통하여 건설기업의 무형자산(지적자산)의 크기를 객관적으로 정량화 시키었다. 이를 통하여 현 건설기업의 내재가치 수준을 추정할 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.2120-2133
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• 2013

In this paper, we address the problem of linear minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) transmitter design for the cognitive radio (CR) multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) broadcasting channel (BC), where the cognitive users are subject to not only a sum power constraint, but also a interference power constraint. Evidently, this multi-constraint problem renders it difficult to solve. To overcome this difficulty, we firstly transform it into its equivalent formulation with a single constraint. Then by utilizing BC-MAC duality, the problem of BC transmitter design can be solved by focusing on a dual MAC problem, which is easier to deal with due to its convexity property. Finally we propose an efficient two-level iterative algorithm to search the optimal solution. Our simulation results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show that this proposed CR MMSE-based scheme achieves a suboptimal sum-rate performance compared to the optimal DPC-based algorithm with less computational complexity.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2023

Recently, AI pilots using reinforcement learning are developing to a level that is more flexible than rule-based methods and can replace human pilots. In this paper, a curriculum was used to help head-on combat with reinforcement learning. It is not easy to learn head-on with a reinforcement learning method without a curriculum, but in this paper, through the two circle-based head-on air combat learning technique, ownship gradually increase the difficulty and become good at head-on combat. On the two-circle, the ATA angle between the ownship and target gradually increased and the AA angle gradually decreased while learning was conducted. By performing reinforcement learning with and w/o curriculum, it was engaged with the rule-based model. And as the win ratio of the curriculum based model increased to close to 100 %, it was confirmed that the performance was superior.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.70-107
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• 1992

This study was intended to assess the need of home nursing care and analyze the effect of home nursing care, and find out the problems during the performance of home nursing care for the chronic patients among the low-income people in urban area. Data collection by interview was carried out from Nov. 1991 to Jul. 1992. The main results were as follows; 1) Total subjects for the need assessment of home nursing care were 123 households wi th 488 persons in a urban poor area. Over half of households $(57.7\%)$ was teenage family. The overall living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 580 thousands won. $74.8\%$ of subjects was covered by medical care insurance and only $4.7\%$ was covered by public assistance. The morbidity rate was $8.2\%$ among 488 subjects and $27.5\%$ of them was not treated at all, $30\%$ was treated in utilizing pharmacies or local clinics. 2) The subjects of home nursing care were 46 with Hypertension or DM who agreeded the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. Home visiting was performed at intervals per one month for one year. Most of them were the elder(mean age=61 years) and long term patients(7.8 years continued). Home nursing care was effective. That is, blood pressure(including systolic and diastolic pressure) was significantly reduced (t(n=22)=2.31, P=.031, t(n=24)=4.16, P=.000 respectively) and knowledge of disease(t(N=46)=-7.63, P=.000), attitude of disease (t(N =46) = -4.92, P=.000), and self-care(t(N =46) = -4.89, P= .000) were significantly improved through home nursing care. But there was no difference in blood sugar for diabetics between the beginning and the end of visits. At the beginning of visit for home nursing care, sex$(\beta=-0414,\;t=-3.012)$ and nursing need({3=.310, t=2.164) were influencing self-care, and duration of disease$(\beta=.297,\;t=2.106)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.385, t=20417)$ were influencing blood pressure, blood sugar level. Namely, the subjects who were male and had higher nursing need showed better self-care and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. At the end of visit for home nursing care after one year, the blood pressure and blood sugar level was influenced by age $(\beta.320,\;t= 2.242)$, duration of disease ($(\beta.352,\;t= 2.395)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.350,\;t=2.623)$ and self-care had no influencing factor. The higher age and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. 3) The problems that were found out during the performance of home nursing care were the absent of useful protocols for services and the clear evaluation base, and the difficulty of teaching elders who were the major part of our subjects.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제31호
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• pp.25-45
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• 2012

시큐리티 요원이 인지하는 자신의 역할에 대한 불확실성이 시큐리티 산업의 경영성과에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 선행연구 결과를 토대로 시큐리티 요원이 가지는 권한의 정도를 선행적으로 규명할 필요가 있다. 그러나 이를 측정할 수 있는 심리적 임파워먼트 척도에 대한 적합성이 현재까지 시큐리티 요원을 대상으로 규명되지 않았기 때문에 정보의 타당성이 불분명하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시큐리티 요원의 심리적 임파워먼트 척도를 문항의 적합성, 문항의 신뢰도, 문항의 난이도, 웅답반응 범주의 적절성 관점에서의 문항 적합도를 규명하였으며 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 심리적 임파워먼트 척도의 자기결정론 요인에서 문항 11번(내 업무수행 방식에 있어서 나 스스로 결정할 수 있다)은 적합하지 않은 문항으로 나타나 향후 시큐리티 요원을 대상으로 심리적 임파워먼트를 규명할 시에는 문항 11번을 삭제하는 것이 타당하다. 둘째, 심리적 임파워먼트 척도의 문항신뢰도가 높아 다른 시큐리티 요원을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여도 결과의 일관성을 보인다. 셋째, 문항 12번(업무수행하는데 있어 독립적이며 간섭없이 일할 기회가 많다)을 응답하는데 어렵게 느끼는 반면 문항 1번(부서에 대한 나의 영향력은 크다)이 가장 쉽게 인지하고 있으며, 심리적 임파워먼트 척도의 문항난이도는 골고루 분포되어 있다. 넷째, 심리적 임파워먼트 척도의 5점 반응범주는 시큐리티 요원에게 적합한 것으로 규명되었다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.69-97
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• 2019

지식서비스기업은 자신들이 가진 지식과 경험에 기반하여 고객문제 해결 및 조직관리 프로세스의 효율성을 향상시킴으로써 보다 높은 성과를 창출할 수 있다. 본 연구는 관리 프로세스에 대해 그 동안 간과되어 왔던 비효율을 중심으로 탐구하며, 그 선행요인으로 위계문화와 IT 조직기능 연관성을 제시하고 각 관계를 강화하는 업무 난이도의 조절효과에 대해 실증하였다. 분석 결과, 관리프로세스 비효율에 대해 위계문화는 정(+)의 영향을, IT 조직기능 연관성은 부(-)의 영향을, 그 둘의 관계 사이에서 업무 난이도는 모두 유의한 조절효과를 나타내었다. 또한 관리프로세스 비효율은 조직성과에 부(-)의 영향을 미치며 IT 조직기능 연관성과 조직성과 사이에서 완전매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 지식서비스기업이 보다 높은 성과를 달성하기 위해서는 형식적 절차의 최소화, 적절한 권한위임을 통한 의사결정 융통성 확보, 원활한 정보흐름 및 소통 분위기 조성, 임직원들의 IT 자원관리 및 활용수준 제고 등을 통해 위계문화는 낮추고 IT 조직기능 연관성은 향상시켜야 한다. 또한 업무프로세스 비효율을 보다 효과적으로 낮추기 위해서는, 업무난이도가 높은 기업은 위계문화 제거에, 낮은 기업은 IT 조직기능 연관성 향상에 상대적으로 더 많은 노력을 기울일 것이 요구된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.359-374
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• 2002

Objectives : To develop a physical functioning instrument for older adults living in the community. Methods : A representative sample of 979 people aged 65 years or over were interviewed in-person. Of these, 199 people also completed a detailed in-hospital examination. The scale items were selected based on the frequency of endorsement, along with the item-total and inter-item correlations. The associations of the scale with their physical performance and clinical examination were analyzed to evaluate the criterion-related validity. Construct validity was assessed using factor analysis, and internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations. Test-retest reliability was measured by agreement between the household survey and the repeat survey at the in-hospital examination. Results : Initially, 23 items on the level of difficulty, ranging from no difficulty to an inability to complete a task, with the specific mobility and self-care tasks were included. Those with a high frequency of endorsement and a low inter-item or item-total correlations were excluded, resulting in a 10-item Physical Functioning (PT) scale. Equal weights were given to each item and a summated score was calculated. Significant associations were found between the PF scores and the physical performance, surrey and clinical data. The scale revealed a 2-factor (mobility and self-care) structure. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 and the item-total correlations were in the 0.63 to 0.78 range. Pearson's correlations for the test-retest ranged between 0.56 and 0.61. Conclusions : The newly developed Physical Functioning (PF) scale showed good psychometric properties in older people. Further work, however, is needed to improve its sensitivity to discriminate higher levels of functioning, in addition to assessing its predictive value in detecting changes in health.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.278-302
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• 1994

This article reviewed and analyzed 39 studies on self efficacy theory applied to health related behavior. The following analysis was done : 1) study subjects 2) measurement tools 3) analysis according to the type of research design(intervention re-search, explanatory research). Some findings are summarized as follows : The study subjects were both healthy people in various developmental stages and patients with various illnesses. The health related behaviors examined in the studies were also various including exercise, smoking cessation, self care behaviors, etc. The measurement of self efficacy was done with specific tools in most studies. In the tools, activities that measured the health behavior domain were listed according to increasing difficulty or contexual arrangement or in combination of both of them The analysis of 17 intervention research studies showed that generally the intervention program increased the self efficacy level of subjects and then the increased strongly self efficacy influenced behavioral changes. Most studies used more than one intervention method for increasing the self efficacy level. these were derived from sources of self efficacy suggested by Bandura. The analysis of 21 explanatory research studies showed that self efficacy strongly influenced behavior change and persistence. The major independent variable to affect the self efficacy was performance accomplishment in the past. Self efficacy explained more of the variance in health related behavior when it was applied with the variables in the health belief model, health promotion model, and reasoned action theory. On the basis of the above findings, the following suggestions are made : 1. For a desirable research design, self efficacy should be the intervening variable. That is, desirable designs would include intervention-self efficacy-behavior in intervention research studies and antecedent-self efficacy-behavior in explanatory research studies. 2. More prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to test the effect of self efficacy on persistence in health related behavior. 3. Studies comparing the effects of intervention methods are needed for each health related behavior, subject group, and context. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid measurement tool for self efficacy for each health related behavior. 5. Studies to differenciate the effect of self efficacy from that of outcome expectation on the health related behavior are necessary. 6. The antecedents of self efficacy should be investigated further.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

지하공간에 설치되는 구조물 중 지하수위 아래에 위치하는 부분은 상향으로 정수압인 부력이 작용하게 된다. 최근 큰 규모의 중요구조물 즉, 부력이 크게 발생하는 구조물은 공사비가 고가이나 안전율을 확실하게 증가시키는 방법인 부력저항 영구앵커를 많이 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 부력저항 영구앵커의 저항 메커니즘 규명은 미흡한 실정이다. 특히, 시공 후 앵커의 장기거동에 대한 규명은 계측 관리의 어려움으로 이루어지지 않고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 부력 저항 영구앵커의 설계 시 합리적인 구조물 거동 평가를 위하여 앵커두부에 하중계를 설치하여 앵커축력을 자동화계측 및 수동계측을 통해 시공초기부터 10년간 계측 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 건물의 자중증가에 따른 앵커의 시공단계별 거동과 시간 경과에 따른 앵커의 장기거동(시공 후 10년 이내의 거동)을 분석하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5797-5804
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• 2011

최근 의학교육은 의과대학에서 의학전문대학원으로의 체제변화와 의사국가고시 실기시험 도입에 따른 변화에 대처해야하는 과제를 안고 있다. 따라서 의학전문대학원 학생들의 특성을 고려하고 국가고시 실기시험을 대비한 임상수행능력향상을 위한 교육이 필요하다. 본 연구는 의대생들의 스트레스, 자아탄력성, 자기효능감에 따른 임상수행능력과의 관계를 알아보기 위한 서술적 상관관계 연구로 D시에 소재한 일 의학전문대학원생 97명을 대상으로 2011년 8월19부터 20일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 스트레스는 자아탄력성과는 부적상관관계를 나타냈었고 자기 효능감의 하부영역인 자신감과는 정적상관관계를 보였다. 자아탄력성은 임상실기수행능력의 하부영역인 CPX와는 정적상관관계를 나타내었다. 자기효능감의 하부영역인 과제난이도 선호는 OSCE와 부적상관관계를 나타내었고, 임상실기수행능력의 하부영역인 OSCE와 CPX는 정적상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 학생들의 스트레스 감소는 자아탄력성을 향상시킬 수 있으며 궁극적으로 임상실기수행능력을 향상시킬 수 있다고 본다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 임상실기수행능력 향상을 위해서는 학생 개인의 특성을 파악하여 자아탄력성 향상을 위한 교육프로그램을 개발하고 교육과정에 반영하여야 할 것이다.