• 한국어교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.63-86
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• 2017

This research aims to evaluate the effects and the shortcomings of strategies for teaching paraphrasing to foreign university students. For this study, the effects of teaching paraphrasing skills on student's academic writing was investigated through the assessment of pre- and post-test writing tasks and through a focus group interview. The teaching of paraphrasing was divided into 3 instructional sessions and the focus group interview was conducted at the end of the last session. After each instructional session three trained assessors evaluated the outcomes of pre and post task writings; the in-depth focus group interviews were conducted on seven of the students in order to define better positive effects as well as shortcomings. By comparing the scores of pre- and post-task assignments it is possible to affirm that there is a meaningful difference for overall scores; moreover, in an analysis conducted on each single sub-element of the paraphrasing skill, it emerged that except for "task completion", all other four elements of "structure", "understanding core content", "change of expression" and "academic expressions" showed a statistically significant improvement in performance. On the other hand, as a result of the focus group interview, it was possible to individuate as main shortcomings insufficient vocabulary knowledge, poor overall comprehension of the reference material, lack of practice and difficulty in connect sentences organically. It is possible to consider these elements as limiting factors in understanding the reference material and making correct citations by the students. Therefore, we suggest as supplementary instructional strategies a deeper attention to the difficulty level of the text, the introduction of devices to understand better the content of the reference material and an integrated practice of the paraphrasing skill.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.137-155
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• 2018

From the assumption that an individual's working memory capacity is limited, the cognitive load theory is concerned with providing adequate instructional design so as to avoid overloading the learner's working memory. Based on the cognitive load theory, this study aimed to provide implications for effective problem-based collaborative teaching and learning design by analyzing the level of middle school students' cognitive load which is perceived according to the problem types(short answer type, narrative type, project) in the process of collaborative problem solving in middle school function part. To do this, this study analyzed whether there is a relevant difference in the level of cognitive load for the problem type according to the math achievement level and gender in the process of cooperative problem solving. As a result, there was a relevant difference in the task burden and task difficulty perceived according to the types of problems in both first and second graders in middle schools students. and there was no significant difference in the cognitive effort. In addition, the efficacy of task performance differed between first and second graders. The significance of this study is as follows: in the process of collaborative problem solving learning, which is most frequently used in school classrooms, it examined students' cognitive load according to problem types in various aspects of grade, achievement level, and gender.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1921-1929
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• 2015

The smart substation is the heart of a transmission system, which is particularly emphasized as the most significant composition of smart grids in China. In order to assess the functionality performance of substation technologies, this paper presents methods used to identify the most promising solutions for smart substation design and to evaluate the technical levels of available technologies. The multi-index optimization model is presented to address the issue of smart substation planning. A mathematical model of the planning decision problem is established with multiple objectives consisting of economic, reliability, and green key indices, and many kinds of concerns including physical and environmentally friendly operations are formulated as a set of constraints. With respect to the assessment of the technical level regarding integration of advanced technologies into a substation, a modified grey whitenization weight function is adopted to structure a novel grey clustering method. The proposed grey clustering approach is used to overcome the difficulty of insufficient quantitative assessment capacity for traditional methods. The evaluation of technical effects provides the classification definition for the development phase and the maturity level of the smart substation. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches in planning decision-making and evaluation of construction efforts is demonstrated with case studies involving the actual smart substation projects of Wenchongkou substation in China Southern Power Grid (CSG) and Mengzi substation in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC).

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.153-178
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• 2000

Dental prosthetic restoration shows a big difference of cost per itemized unit depending on the size of dental labs, facility standard, manpower, and performance. Even the same dental labs have distinctive cost according to manufacturing performance, inflation, and the number of workers. However, in apite of such a change of circumstances, it appears to be quite stable in the relative cost per itemized unit unless the manufacturing trend of particular item changes dramatically. Therefore, if the relative number of cost per itemized unit, which is produced by costing, is indicated, we are able to utilize it effectively as a standard wage estimate. If the wage of dental prosthetic restoration is determined on the basis of cost, it is desirable that the relative value of cost and that of wage are identical. But, by means of comparative analysis, since the relative value of wage reveals mostly lower than that of cost depending on an item, it is considered that the wage is not reflecting the cost approproately. Due to the subdivision and the profession of medical technology, the new development of wage items for dental prosthetic restoration is required. This means that the need for the establishment of new wage items should be presented as the general concept of dental prothetic restroation changes and the level of pathologic technology increases. The current wage structure has differences in the degree of difficulty accroding to unit items and in the cost factors. Nevertheless, the differences are not reflected enough to the wage, so there is potential to lower the medical quality through the use of low-proce materials to avoid the increase of cost and the work process which skips a manufacturing step. The new items of dental prosthetic restoration also increases, but the development of proper numerical value system is not supported. Thus, the right proce is set mostly by applying to the wage of a similar item. Since most wages are established by an individual agreement between the dental clinic institute and the dental labs, the propriety of wage level lacks. Therefore, it is urgent to provide and promote the system of a fair work charge by a standard cost which can be applied to all medical institute.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2010

최근 웹의 기술과 기능이 사용자중심의 패러다임으로 변화되면서 e-러닝의 연구와 설계에서도 학습자 참여와 지속적인 학습이 가능한 동적인 학습콘텐츠를 구성하려는 새로운 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 e-러닝 2.0에 적용할 수 있도록 효율적인 학습 환경을 제공하기 위해 학습자 중심의 동적인 학습 콘텐츠 난이도 조절에 관한 연구를 기술했다. 본 논문은 학습자 중심의 콘텐츠를 제공하기 위해 DLA(Dynamic Level Adjustment)를 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 환경의 변화에 적응력이 강한 학습콘텐츠를 조절하고 적용할 수 있는 가이드라인이 되고, 더 깊이 있는 연구가 진행될 수 있도록 목표를 두고 있다. 성능평가 결과 학습자의 다양한 학습패턴을 인지할 수 있는 동적인 학습콘텐츠 모델을 만들 수 있었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify correlation of personality preference, and achievement goal orientation, academic self-efficacy, test anxiety in selecting college students who majored in dental hygiene. This study also provides a basic data regarding personality for education of dental hygiene students. Methods : 192 students of S college who majored in dental hygiene were asked to answer the MBTI GS form, academic self-efficacy scale, achievement goal orientation scale and test anxiety scale during the month of May, 2009. The total of 160 copies were analyzed. MANOVA, independent-sample t-test were conducted. Results : 1. Looking at distribution of personality preference type of the students, extroversion type (63.1%) was more than introversion type(36.9%), sensing type(87.5%) was more than intuition type(12.5%), thinking type(54.4%) was more than feeling type(45.6%), judging type(59.4%) was more than perceiving type (40.6%) 2. In subscale of achievement goal orientation, performance approach level was higher in extroversion type than in introversion type. Performance avoidance level was lower in extroversion type than in introversion type. However, other preference personality type didn't show any significant difference in subscale of achievement goal orientation. 3. Academic self-efficacy was higher in extroversion type and thinking type than in introversion type and feeling type. There wasn't any significant difference between judging type and perceiving type, sensing type and intuition type. 4. In subscale of academic self-efficacy, confidence was higher in extroversion type than in introversion type. Task difficulty preference and self-regulated efficacy were higher in thinking type than in feeling type. 5. There wasn't any significant difference between personality preference type and test anxiety. Conclusions : Professor should find out difference between students through using information of preference personality and develop a teaching strategy that can encourage strength and make up weakness of each students.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2015

최근 건설산업의 환경변화에 따라 전문건설업체 종사자의 업무수행능력 향상을 통한 업체 경쟁력 강화가 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전문건설업체 종사자의 능력향상에 가장 효율적인 방법이 교육이라는 점을 인식하고, 이들을 대상으로 한 효과적인 교육, 나아가 맞춤형 교육 프로그램 개발에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있는 직무별 경력별 업무수행수준 분석과 필요역량요인을 파악하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 전문건설업체의 대표, 현장소장, 공사담당, 공무담당, 자재/노무담당, 안전담당 등을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후, 이들의 업무부담수준과 업무수행 능력수준비 등 업무수준을 분석하였으며, 직무별 필요역량요인을 파악하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 통해 향후 전문건설업체 종사자의 직무별 경력별 특성을 반영한 수요자 중심의 맞춤형 교육이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.64-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is aimed to grasp the factors, which may influence the harmonized organizational efficiency of the objects of hospital structure as well as its structural constituents of each departments of administration, nursing, and para-medical personnels, in order to provide basic data enable to contribute in the development of hospital. The survey data involved in the study was derived from 385 personnels working in 5 medium and small sized hospitals in Seoul area. The main finding of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the general characteristics of subjects in order of male, over 30 years of age, university graduates, long-term tenure and high position is higher, whereas, in as much as wage and well trained personnels in administration departments are higher, its organizational efficiency is higher in comparison with those of nursing and para-medical departments. 2. The organizational efficiency in accordance with satisfaction and the motive contributional factors is higher as much as the high satisfactory level in every departments in general. 3. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of job characteristics is higher in as much as difficulty of the jobs is lesser, however there was not statically significance between administration and para-medical departments. In as much as the job circulation is intact, job standard level is higher and the more job responsibility the higher organizational efficiency, while the more workload and the more work feud resulted lower organizational efficiency. It was obvious that the higher professional expertise as well as the training and application level are improving the organizational efficiency. 4. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of structural characteristics was higher in as much as the intercommunication was smooth and the structural formalization level are higher, however there was not statically significance between the participation level of decision making and the organizational efficiency. 5. In as much as higher educational level of over university graduates, management of organization and the job level are satisfied, the psychological motive contributional level is higher, while the lesser job difficulty, the smooth job performance, the higher level of professional expertise, the higher structural formalization level, the smooth intercommunication, have affected as major influence factors of the structural characteristics of organizational efficiency. 6. As the management of hospital organization, the job level and personal relation are satisfied or psychological motive is provided, especially when there are no difficult jobs or smooth job circulation and no job feud are prevailing, it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is improving accordingly. The nursing departments has high educational standard and is satisfied in the management and job level of hospital organization as there are no difficult jobs while the level of hospital's organizational formality is high and the intercommunication is smooth, which are improving the organizational efficiency. The para-medical departments is also satisfied the management and job level of hospital organization and it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is higher in as much as the level of job standardization is high and the intercommunication is smooth. As a result of this study, in order for improving the organizational efficiency of the medium and small sized hospitals, the management and job level as well as personal relation are preferably satisfied, whereas the level of job circulation, job responsibility, the expertise and formalization of organization, intercommunication and etc. should be satisfied, and, therefore, it is advisable to buildup discriminated organizational management and environment for different division on the basis above factors. Since this study is carried on several hospitals in Seoul area, there is a certain limit to generalize its result to all domestic hospitals, nevertheless the gallop poll was made by developing the questionnaires with reasonability and reliability. Especially, as the study was carried by analyzing the comparison of influence factors' difference of organizational efficiency in accordance with the divisional characteristics of the medium and small sized hospitals.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.3602-3610
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• 2013

현대 무기체계는 첨단화와 복잡성의 증가로 시스템개발 실패 사례가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 사례분석결과 원인은 원래의 시스템 운용개념을 충족시키지 못하거나 미성숙 기술의 적용 등으로 파악되었다. 이에 방위사업청에서는 무기체계개발시 핵심요구성능으로서 작전운용성능의 충족을 요구하고 있다. 한편 시스템개발시의 위험관리 방법중의 하나로서 기술성숙도 평가가 사용되어 왔는데, 이것은 개별기술에 대한 평가방법이므로, 시스템 수준에서의 기술간 통합에 대해서는 미흡하다. 이를 보완하기 위해 시스템 성숙도 평가 모델이 제시되었고, 이와는 별도로 시스템개발의 난이도의 도입을 통한 리스크 관리 모델이 제시되었다. 하지만 기술간 통합의 효과와 시스템개발 난이도를 동시에 고려한 모델은 제시되지 않았다. 또한 무기체계개발의 궁극적인 목표인 작전운용성능 충족의 관점에서 도출된 평가모델은 제시되지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 무기체계개발에서 작전운용성능을 충족시키면서 리스크 관리를 수행하기 위한 방법으로, 요소기술간 통합과 시스템개발 난이도를 동시에 고려한 시스템 성숙도 평가 모델을 구축하였다. 또한 무기체계 연구개발단계에서 개선된 시스템 성숙도 평가모델을 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.396-406
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• 2006

In this study, elementary school students' science learning characteristics together with the levels of inquiry requirement in elementary school science experiment instruction were investigated in terms of the affective domain. We divided seventy-three students of the fifth ade into two groups according to the levels of inquiry requirement. After each instruction had been implemented, the characteristics of the students' learning in terms of the affective domain were compared and analyzed within the context of the levels of inquiry requirement. There were no significant differences between Level 1(LL) and Level 2(HL) groups in terms of the affective characteristics. These results may be caused by the burden imposed by the difficulty in thinking through and setting up the experimental methods. However, the HL group students' levels of interest in science experiments was higher than that of the LL group. In conclusion, the HL instruction contributed little to the improvement of affective characteristics. Some possible reasons might be that students felt difficulties with the somewhat unfamiliar instructions which required them to design and perform experiments. Higher levels of interest in science experiments amongst HL students' implies that well-organized and continuous exercises involving the design and performance of experiments could improve students' scientific affective characteristics.