• 경영과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2015

In the management literature, it has been widely accepted among both researchers and practitioners that the level of team creativity is significantly related to the organizational performance. Besides, researchers posited with confidence that team diversity and task difficulty would affect team creativity through team members' activities of exploration and exploitation. However, empirical approaches to proving this belief suffered from lack of real data and proper methods as well. To tackle the research void like this, we propose a multi-agent simulation (MAS) mechanism. By adopting a set of parameters which validity were proven in the related literature, we conducted a series of experiments in the environment of the MAS platform named NetLogo. There sults suggest that managers can differentiate team diversity strategies according to task difficulty. In the case of a difficult task, managers need to increase team diversity so that their teams can maximize team creativity through rigorous exploration and exploitation. It is desirable to maintain an average level of team diversity when performing an easy task.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's nonsymbolic arithmetic ability according to task difficulty. The participants in this study comprised 43 2-year-old children and 48 4-year-old children recruited from 5 childcare centers located in Seoul, Korea. All tasks were composed of comparison, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division tasks. In addition, each arithmetic task varied with the ratio of the two quantities; low level(1:2), middle level(2:3), high level(4:5). The results revealed that 2 & 4-year-old children could perform a large numerical range of nonsymbolic arithmetic tasks without influences from previously learned mathematics. This finding suggests that children have a degree of numerical capacity prior to symbolic mathematics instruction. Furthermore, children's performance on nonsymbolic arithmetic tasks indicated the ratio signature of large approximate numerical representation. This result implies that large approximate numerical representation can be used in arithmetical manipulations.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the ADL and IADL of elderly in home. Method: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected from convenient samples of 76 elderly in home using ADL and IADL scales among MDS-HC V2.0 instrument from October to November. The data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 12.0 with frequency, t-test, and ANOVA at a significant level of=.05. Result: The elderly in home had performance with difficulty at bathing, locomotion outside of home, and transfer. On the other hand, the elderly in home had performance with easy at mobility in bed, dressing lower body and eating. Relation to the IADL the elderly in home had performance with difficulty at transportation, shopping, and managing finance. Conclusion; Based on the results, it is necessary to develop of a nursing intervention program and rehabilitation plan for the bathing and locomotion of the elderly in home.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2023

The mouse as an input device has undoubtedly brought convenience to users due to its intuitiveness and simplicity, but it also brought unprecedented issues such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). As a result, the necessity of alternative input devices that put less strain on the wrist, while still providing the convenience of a conventional mouse, has emerged. Unfortunately, there have been several research about alternative devices to replace a mouse, however, they showed inconsistent results. This study suggests that those inconsistent results may stem from the type and the difficulty of tasks used in previous studies. Therefore, we designed this study to compare the performance and perceived workload of three input devices (Mouse/Trackball/Touchpad) in each condition in terms of task type (Targeting/Tracking) and difficulty level (Easy/Hard). The results indicated that there were significant performance differences and no significant workload differences among the three devices, and the interactions were observed in some conditions. These results can provide users with practical guidelines to choose the optimal input device according to their needs or purpose.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.131-156
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• 2016

이 연구는 교육청 소속 기록연구사들의 직무를 분석하여, 그 중요도, 난이도, 수행 빈도를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 교육청 기록관리 업무 환경과 문제점을 파악하여 개선 방안을 마련하기 위한 것이다. 문헌조사와 운영규정 분석을 통해서 교육청 기록관리 업무를 5개 업무영역 24개 업무요소로 도출하였으며, 업무영역별, 업무요소별 중요도, 난이도, 수행 빈도를 파악하기 위하여 교육청 소속 기록연구사를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 조사 결과를 IPA기법을 활용하여 중요도와 수행 빈도, 중요도와 난이도를 교차하여 분석하였고, 이를 통하여 교육청 소속 기록연구사의 업무 환경에서의 문제점을 진단하고 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2022

이 논문에서는 자연어로 구성된 수학 문장제 문제 자동 풀이하기 위한 Transformer 기반의 생성 모델인 KoEPT를 제안한다. 수학 문장제 문제는 일상 상황을 수학적 형식으로 표현한 자연어 문제이다. 문장제 문제 풀이 기술은 함축된 논리를 인공지능이 파악해야 한다는 요구사항을 지녀 최근 인공지능의 언어 이해 능력을 증진하기 위해 국내외에서 다양하게 연구되고 있다. 한국어의 경우 문제를 유형으로 분류하여 풀이하는 기법들이 주로 시도되었으나, 이러한 기법은 다양한 수식을 포괄하여 분류 난도가 높은 데이터셋에 적용하기 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 이에 대해 '식' 토큰과 포인터 네트워크를 사용하는 KoEPT 모델을 사용했다. 이 모델의 성능을 측정하기 위해 현존하는 한국어 수학 문장제 문제 데이터셋인 IL, CC, ALG514의 분류 난도를 측정한 후 5겹 교차 검증 기법을 사용하여 KoEPT의 성능을 평가하였다. 평가에 사용된 한국어 데이터셋들에 대하여, KoEPT는 CC에서는 기존 최고 성능과 대등한 99.1%, IL과 ALG514에서 각각 89.3%, 80.5%로 새로운 최고 성능을 얻었다. 뿐만 아니라 평가 결과 KoEPT는 분류 난도가 높은 데이터셋에 대해 상대적으로 개선된 성능을 보였다. KoEPT가 분류 난도의 영향을 덜 받으며 좋은 성능을 얻게 된 이유를 '식' 토큰과 포인터 네트워크 때문이라는 것을 ablation study를 통해서 밝혔다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.194-196
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• 2013

Recently, It is a fact that the percentage of female field managers has increased in the construction industry. Therefore, this study investigated the percentage of female construction site managers by conducting a survey of current male and female construction site managers and then analyzed the workload, work difficulty, work importance and performance level of female employees in charge of public affairs, which is the most common tasks.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2011

최근 건설 환경의 급변화로 인해 건설 프로젝트의 실패 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 이유로 건설 산업에서는 합리적인 프로젝트 관리전략을 수립하기 위하여 프로젝트의 성과에 영향을 미치는 성공요인에 대한 다각적인 연구가 제시되고 있다. 하지만 프로젝트 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 개선 여부에 따른 혼재로 합리적인 성과관리가 힘든 상황이며, 특히 개선 불가능한 요인인 프로젝트 특성은 성과에 영향을 미치는 독립변수로 성과 도출의 난이도를 결정하게 됨에도 불구하고 이에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성과지표와 특성지표체계를 이용하여 성과와 특성간의 영향관계를 밝혀내고 그 결과를 퍼지이론으로 정량화하여 성과 난이도 지수를 산정하며 특성간의 중요도를 고려하여 최종적으로 성과 난이도를 예측하는 연구과정을 수행하였다. 또한 성과 난이도 예측에 있어서 시간과 노력을 절감하여 효율적인 프로젝트 관리 전략을 수립하기 위해서 시공자가 서로 다른 프로젝트의 특성을 입력함에 따라 프로젝트의 각 성과영역에 어떠한 난이도를 갖는지 미리 예측하고 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 프로젝트 성과 난이도 예측 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.135-138
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• 1997

In this paper, we proposed effective modeling method to nonlinear complex system. Fuzzy Neural Network(FNN) was used as basic model. FNN was fused of Fuzzy Inference which has linguistic property and Neural Network which has learning ability and high tolerence level. This paper, we used FNN which was proposed by Yamakawa. The FNN used Simple Inference as fuzzy inference method and Error Back Propagation Algorithm as learning rule. This structure has better property than other structure at learning speed and convergence ability. But it has difficulty at definition of membership function. We used Hard c-Mean method to overcome this difficulty. To evaluate proposed method. We applied the proposed method to waste water treatment process. We obtained better performance than conventional model.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2023

Due to the aging workforce in the construction industry in South Korea, the accident rate has been increasing. The cognitive abilities of older workers are closely related to both safety incidents and labor productivity. Therefore, there is a need to improve cognitive abilities through personalized training based on cognitive assessment results, using cognitive training content, in order to enable safe performance in labor-intensive environments. The provided cognitive training content includes concentration, memory, oreintation, attention, and executive functions. Difficulty levels were applied to each content to enhance user engagement and interest. To stimulate interest and encourage active participation of the participants, the difficulty level was automatically adjusted based on feedback from the MMSE-DS results and content measurement data. Based on the accumulated data, individual training scenarios have been set differently to intensively improve insufficient cognitive skills, and cognitive training programs will be developed to reduce safety accidents at construction sites through measured data and research. Through such simple cognitive training, it is expected that the reduction of accidents in the aging construction workforce can lead to a decrease in the social costs associated with prolonged construction periods caused by accidents.