• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.288-309
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• 1999

This survey was done to construct a nursing theory according to Korean culture and to identify the Korean traditional view. From ancient time until now, shamanism has played an important role as determinant of Korean culture and of the personality formation of Korean people. The subjects are 321 patients and member of their families who were over 18 years old, and who are living in five large cities and two rural communities in Korea. Data collection was done from March, 8th to April, 29th in 1999. SPSS The tool developed by the investigator through literature review was used to measure the perception and the attitude of patients and their families to Korean shamanism. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percent and $x^2$ test with SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows ; 1) While 35% of respondents answed that the destiny or fate(八字) was only relied on the abilities and endeavor of individual, 65% of respondents were fatalists(運命論者) or eclectic(折衷主義者) are compromised between the fate and endeavor. 2) While half of the respondents belief in divination(占) to some degree, the rest of them reported hardly any belief in divination. 3) There were almost twice as many respondents who directly consulted fortune-tellers were as respondents who did not consult fortunetellers. 4) The reasons for consulting fortunetellers were job problems, home problems, health problems by in that order. 5) The respondents almost always interpreted the cause of physical disease and mental disease as being psycho-sociological, but 1% of them explained mental disease as a shamanistic manitestation. 6) In case of disease, the reasons for consulting a fortuneteller was a) no hope of recovery from the sickness in any other way, b) the chronic disease in that order. 7) Of the respondents, 65% answered that diseases could not be cured by a 'Gut' (the performance done by the shaman), but 27% of respondents thought that disease could be cured by a 'Gut' in the case of mental disease. 8) Sixty six percent of the respondents answered that they have experienced praying for their wishes with clean water(井華水). 9) While 54% of the respondents answered that they have seen or heard the 'Beung Gut'(the performance to pray for recovery of sickness done by the shaman), 46% responded that they have never seen or heard it. 10) To the question 'do you intend to have a 'Beung Gut', 51.7% of respondents answer 'no' strongly, but 48% of them say 'yes' or took a compromising attitude. 11) Generally the respondents differed in perception and attitude to shamanism. In short, females more than males, old aged more than younger aged, lower educated more than higher educated, believers in Buddhism more than believers in any other religion, and blue color more than white color have more positive attitudes to shamanism. Also men living in rural communities have more positive attitude to shamanism than men living in the large cities. Consequently, Shamanism can be understood as an anxiety relieving cultural system even though Shamanism itself looks like a cultural complex.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5349-5357
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women of all ethnic and age groups in Malaysia. Delay in seeking help for breast cancer symptoms is preventable and by identifying possible factors for delayed diagnosis, patient prognosis and survival rates could be improved. Objectives: This narrative review aimed to understand and evaluate the level of in-depth breast cancer knowledge in terms of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination, and other important aspects such as side-effects and risk factors in Malaysian females. Since Malaysia is multicultural, this review assessed social perceptions, cultural beliefs and help-seeking behaviour in respect to breast cancer among different ethnic groups, since these may impinge on efforts to 'avoid' the disease. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of seven databases was performed from December 2015 to January 2015. Screening of relevant published journals was also undertaken to identify available information related to the knowledge, perception and help-seeking behaviour of Malaysian women in relation to breast cancer. Results: A total of 42 articles were appraised and included in this review. Generally, women in Malaysia had good awareness of breast cancer and its screening tools, particularly breast self-examination, but only superficial in-depth knowledge about the disease. Women in rural areas had lower levels of knowledge than those in urban areas. It was also shown that books, magazines, brochures and television were among the most common sources of breast cancer information. Delay in presentation was attributed mainly to a negative social perception of the disease, poverty, cultural and religion practices, and a strong influence of complementary and alternative medicine, rather than a lack of knowledge. Conclusions: This review highlighted the need for an intensive and in-depth breast cancer education campaigns using media and community health programmes, even with the existing good awareness of breast cancer. This is essential in order to avoid misconceptions and to frame the correct mind-set about breast cancer among women in Malaysia. Socio-cultural differences and religious practices should be taken into account by health care professionals when advising on breast cancer. Women need to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer so that early diagnosis can take place and the chances of survival improved.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.95-109
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• 2003

Tobacco use is the most readily preventable cause of premature death； it is a worldwide problem, with a significant impact on heath and well-being. In order to design an effective tobacco education program, it is important to understand smoking patterns and the underlying factors associated with smoking in different generations such as adults or young people. Despite a general decline in the prevalence of regular smoking among adults, recent surveys commissioned by the Ministry Heath ＆ Welfare for the Republic of Korea have shown no evidence of any decline in smoking rates among young women and adolescents. The Republic of Korea has the highest adult male smoking percentage (65.1%) in the world and smoking in adolescents is still an increasing trend. Smoking in adolescents and young women is especially more dangerous, thus health education of anti-smoking directed at these groups is an important area that will benefit from using internet content that they can easily access. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of visual perception and effectiveness analysis in smoking cessation websites in promoting smoking cessation in adolescents and young women through Internet content. As a result of this project, at first we evaluated the Internet content of cyber smoking cessation programs by the evaluation criteria of web design interface. The Internet site of http：//nosmokeguide.or.kr received the most superior evaluation in the domestic Internet content for smoking cessation and the Internet site of the National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids received the most superior evaluation in the foreign Internet content for smoking cessation. This evaluation was surveyed by an expert in Internet content and user. Secondly, we developed the Internet content for cyber smoking cessation program, namely, "Dr. Smoking" that contained several menus and a database regarding anti-smoking designed in accordance with the results of this evaluation. The domain address of Dr. Smoking is http：//www.dmosmoking.com and our webpage has assorted kinds of news, information, self-diagnosis, prescription, consulting, a no-smoking mall etc. In conclusion, this project is designed to develop Internet content for the most effective smoking cessation program and to contribute to eliminating smoking from our society. We also will try to develop and upgrade this web-site in order to help a smoker who want to quit smoking and diminish the physical and socioeconomic harm from smoking.m smoking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.544-557
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• 2010

This study was performed with Korean adults to investigate Makgeolli drinking behavior, preference, and perception about Makgeolli and health, as well as Makgeolli complaints and prices. A survey questionnaire was formulated to obtain information on demographic variables, drinking habits, and perceptions about Makgeolli's function, price, and complaints. The questionnaire was distributed to 468 adults living in the capital area. The results are as follows. Makgeolli (16.1%) was third preferred, following Soju (45.1%) and beer (30.7%), and no significant differences were observed by gender and income, but the preference for Makgeolli increased with increasing age (p<0.001). According to the survey, the largest reason both genders drank Makgeolli was that it tastes good. Men preferred Makgeolli for its health effects and cheap price, while women preferred it for the atmosphere while drinking it. Also, older people and those with higher incomes preferred drinking Makgeolli for its health effect rather than its good taste (p<0.001 for each). No significant difference was observed by gender for the question "Do you think that Makgeolli has a health-promoting effect?" Overall, 51% of the subjects gave positive answers and only 5.9% gave negative answers. Significantly, older people and those with a higher income had a higher rate of answering positively to this question. Belching (45.1%) and headache (29.9%) were the most common symptoms among the side effects of drinking Makgeolli. No significant difference was observed by gender or income, but older people had a higher rate of belching and fewer headaches than younger people (p<0.001). Women had a significantly higher rate of perceiving that Makgeolli was cheap than men. Age and income differences did not influence price perception. To the question "What is the ideal price for high quality Makgeolli", 32.1% answered that the present rate (1,000 won) was ideal, and 59.4% answered that a price between 1,000 and 2,000 won was ideal. These results indicate that the high preference for Makgeolli is due to its good taste and health effects. However, belching and headache caused by drinking Makgeolli were the most common complaints and, thus, must be solved. Some opinions indicated that Makgeolli must eliminate its low-quality image, but, according to this survey, most subjects answered that the ideal price of higher-quality Makgeolli should be increased slightly, which would cause price resistance.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.146-165
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper was to identify the performance of health promoting lifestyles and health perception over 18 years old women living Wonju city so that the results will be based for setting up women's health nursing center. The subjects were 1080 women selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected by self reporting questionnaire and interview from May to June, 1998. Data were analyzed by SPSS win program. The results were as follows : 1. The range of age was 18-84 years, The proportion according to women's lifecycle was premarital group 20.0%, delivery and rearing group 49.9%, over middle aged-elderly group 29.8%. 2. The mean menarchial age was 15.2 and menopausal age was 48. Mean frequenices of pregnancy is 2.4 and artificical abortion rate is 36.4%. Primary cause of abortion was unwanted babies 42.8%. The practice rate of family planning was 79.4% and permanent sterilization rate was 37.6%. 3. Fatigue was predominated problem in target population. Depression and headache was predominated in premarital group, headache and nervous felling in delivery and rearing group, arthritis and loss of memory in over middle aged-elderly group. 4. Only 13.7% of the target population make some efforts for their health in compare to 85.9% have attention for their health. Perception of unhealthy rate was 9.1% in premarital group, 24.8% in delivery and rearing group, 30.1% in middle aged-elderly group. 5. The average score of the HPLP(Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile) was 2.41. The variable with the highest degree of performance was interpersonal relationship, whereas the one with the lowest degree was the professional health maintenance. The significant difference was found in HPLP according to age, residential area, marital status, educational level, income level. 6. Majority(95.1%) of the target population agreed on necessity for women's health nursing center. Proper location area was presented to women's center and public health center. The priority for health education program was proper diet, family health, stress management, and exercise. In conclusion, we should prepare the education program for women's health according to women's lifecycle, because health perception, HPLP, and education program needed was differentiated in women's lifecycle. Also we suggest that women's health nursing center based community was needed for proper management of women's health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand how a dental hygienist is viewed by students in terms of both image and job /employment perception using structural equations. This together with the incorporation of available online information would help in collating the necessary data for ensuring adequate manpower of dental hygienists' in the future. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 24.0 and AMOS Graphics 21.0 statistics packages. It was found that students who perceive employment positively have a positive image of a dental hygienist even if a new infectious disease were to occur. They appreciate that a negative image of a dental hygienist's job during an epidemic could cause a negative perception of employment as a dental hygienist. Those who think negatively of the internet as a source of information believe that the internet has a lot of false information, is harmful, promotes anxiety, and has been shown to promote negative perceptions about employment as a dental hygienist. Those who think positively of internet information think that dental hygienists are susceptible to infection and can transmit infection, which has been shown to negatively affect their perception of employment. In conclusion, it is important to form an image of a dental hygienist through the recognition of the correct internet information in the period of new infectious diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.317-329
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how elementary science specialized teachers operate and how they have a perception of the science class in the COVID-19 situation. The number of participants in the study is 21 who are dedicated to science subjects in 2020. 21 teachers were given an open survey of science classes and future directions in the COVID-19 situation, and 8 out of 21 teachers were interviewed in-depth on how and why they did so. As a result of the study, first, the science classes before and after COVID-19 of primary science teachers were different. Under the COVID-19 situation, teachers identified the characteristics of online and offline classes and operated them in a way that was specific to their characteristics. Second, there was a common perception of teachers' classes on the basis of this science class operation style, which is that science classes should be operated as activities, that I would like to have classes that suit my taste as long as the policy allows, and that online classes cause students to lose motivation and widen their educational gap.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

Due to the fast increase in cellular phone users, public interest on health effect of electromagnetic fields(EMFs) by cellular phonos is gradually increasing. Some EHS(electromagnetic hypersensitivity) patients complain of psycho-neurophysiological symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, memory loss resulting from RF radiation by CDMA cellular phones. However, EHS is difficult to diagnose and depends on the individual's subjective judgement. And we don't know clearly if the cause of EHS is uneasiness or real exposure. There have been various EHS volunteer studies on heart rate, blood pressure and subjective symptoms using GSM phones. But there are few studies on experimental case-control study investigating physiological parameters, subjective symptoms, and perception of EMFs. In this study, two volunteer groups of 17 self-declared EHS and 19 controls were exposed to both sham and real RF exposure by CDMA cellular phones for half an hour each. We investigated not only the physiological parameters such as heart rates, respiration rates and HRVs(hear rate variability), but also the perception of EMFs and subjective symptoms. As the results, EMF exposure did not have any effects on the subjective symptoms or physiological parameters for both groups. For the EMF perception, there was no evidence that EHS group perceived the EMFs correctly than the control group.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.309-334
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• 2015

Now it is a proper time to discuss on the issue of crisis negotiation more in-depth. Thus far, studies on crisis negotiations have been mere manual style guidelines of "what to do". More substantial and rigorous theoretical propositions and empirical studies await for the future development of crisis negotiation field. This article contributes to the theoretical enrichment of the study of crisis negotiation field. Conventionally, two problems of misperceptions are raised in crisis negotiation. For instance, even though two parties used the same word, there can appear a substantial difference. Even worse, in many cases parties of negotiation send misinformation intentionally or unintentionally. This noise of communication can cause a serious misperception for parties of crisis negotiation including police officers, perpetrators, and hostages. However, this issue has not yet discussed in the field of crisis negotiation in Korea. This paper pointed out such important but not yet focused issue. It first discusses about the problem of perception and misperception. Next, it presents the negative impacts of such perception and misperception in crisis negotiation communication. Finally, it suggests the policy implications.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2010

This study aims to design practical problem-focused instruction by applying universal design of "Housing" unit of Technology Home Economics in the 10th grade and examine the students' perception on the lesson. The lesson is composed of the following procedures: thinking, problem recognition, problem understanding, information search & alternative search, consideration of the result, and practice plan. To solve problem such as 'What should one do for everyone's convenient and comfortable residential life' practically, we chose the major concern of 'understanding the universal design', 'analysis of cause for environmental change', 'creation of human-concerned residential culture'and performed alternative experience program for the old, the pregnant and the disabled. The students perceived teaching methods and contents positively with interest. They also understood the lesson easily by experiential activity and discussion thus enabling their active participation. It was also found out that the students felt considerable change of their consciousness of living environment of residence and the local community, thus it is concluded that the practical problem-focused instructional design method is very effective.