• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.147.2-148
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• 2003

Complete nucleotide sequence of genome RNA of a Korean isolate of Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV-Vb) from field-collected diseased paprika (Capsicum annuum var grossum) was determined in this study. Symptoms of isolates of PepMoV were divided largely into two groups, vein banding (Vb) and vein clearing (Vc) patterns. PepMoV-Vb RNA consists of 9,640 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail. A single open reading frame was identified beginning at nucleotide position 169 encoding a polyprotein of 3024 amino acids which is typical of the Potyvirus genus. The complete nucleotide sequence and coding regions of PepMoV-Vb were compared to that of 11 potyviruses within the genus Potyvirus. The overall nucleotide sequence identity was 94.7 and 94.1％ identical to PepMoV-C and PepMoV-FL, respectively. Full-length cDNAs of PepMoV-Vbl were synthesized from purified viral RNAs by RT-PCR and their genome structure was analysed by RFLP analysis. This is the first report on complete nucleotide sequence of PepMoV isolated from paprika in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2009

The analysis of the full length genome of Korean isolates of Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) in previous study showed molecular variations and are found to be related to symptom variation and pathogenicity (Kim et al., 2009, Virus Res. 144:83-88). To fully understand the molecular variation of PepMoV in Korea, we further assessed the role of RNA recombination to biological variation and evolution of PepMoV. Full-length genome of a total of 17 Korean-PepMoV and 2 American (CA and FL) isolates were examined for possible detection of genetic recombination using different recombination detections programs and detected 5 and 8 tentative recombination events using RDP3 and Splits Tree4 programs, respectively. Interestingly, tentative recombinants detected such as isolates 57, 134 and 217 were previously identified as severe isolates and 205135 and 205136 as differentiating isolates (Kim et al., 2009, Virus Res. 144:83-88). In addition, recombination was frequently detected in the Vb isolate, the first PepMoV isolate reported in Korea, suggesting significant involvement in the evolution of PepMoV in Korea. These initial results of our recombination analyses among PepMoV isolates in Korea may serve as clues to further investigate the biological variations and evolution of PepMoV brought about by recombination.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.137.2-138
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• 2003

The commercial cultivars of red pepper were screened against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) by seedling test. Tn single infection of TMV or PMMoV, mosaic symptom was produced on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun'. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', symptoms were not occurred. In single infection of PepMoV, symptoms of mottle and malformation were produced on the tested cultivars of 'Manilla', 'Bugang', 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun' In the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', synergistic symptoms of stunt and lethal death were induced by mixed infections in the two combinations of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', synergistic symptom was not occurred as mottle which was milder than that of single infection. Cells were single infected with TMV and PMMoV the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', respectively, had typical ultrastructures of tobamovirus as the stacked-band structure and multiple spiral aggregate (SA). Ultrastructures of cell and tissues infected with PepMoV on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang', 'Wangshilgun', 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', the potyvirus inclusions of pinwhills, scrolls, lamminated aggregates and amorphous inclusion were observed. Infected cells with a combination of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV, the virus particles and inclusions of the two different viruses were found only mixed infection in the same cytoplasm and the amounts of viruses in mixed infections were abundant than in single infection. The angled-layer aggregates (ALA) was observed in the cells infected mixedly with TMV and PepMoV

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2005

We conducted a survey on pepper virus diseases in 31 regions in Korea from November 2001 to December 2004. Using electron microscopy, test plant reaction, rapid immuno-filter paper assay (RIPA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or analysis of viral nucleotide sequences, we found a number of viruses from 1,056 samples that we collected. These included Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Of the samples analyzed, $343(32.5\%)$ were infected with CMV, $209(19.8\%)$ with PepMoV, $141(13.4\%)$ with PMMoV, $12(1.1\%)$ with BBWV2, $40(3.8\%)$ with TMGMV, $5(0.5\%)$ with TSWV, $153(14.5\%)$ with CMV and PepMoV, $54 (5.1\%)$ with CMV and PMMoV, $31(2.9\%)$ with PepMoV and PMMoV, $3(0.3\%)$ with CMV and BBWV2, $1(0.1\%)$ with CMV, PepMoV and BBWV2, $8(0.8\%)$ with CMV, PepMoV and PMMoV, and $30 (2.8\%)$ samples were infected with viruses which were not identified. CMV was the most predominant virus in all inspected fields and the number of the samples infected with PMMoV was relatively low as compared PepMoV infection level in pepper. TMGMV was only found in the southern part of Korea, while TSWV was isolated in Anyang and Yesan. However, we did not encounter in this survey the Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Pepper vein chlorosis virus (PVCV).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.252-257
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• 2005

In single infection of Tobacco mosaic virus-U1 (TMV­U1) or Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), mosaic symptoms were produced on the chili pepper cultivars of 'Cheongyang' and 'Wangshilgun'. However, in cultivars of 'Manitta' and 'Bugang', no symptoms were occurred. In single infection of Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), symptoms of mottle and malformation were produced on the tested cultivars of 'Manitta', 'Bugang', 'Cheongyang', and 'Wangshilgun'. In the cultivars of 'Cheongyang' and 'Wangshilgun', synergistic symptoms of stunt and lethal death were induced by mixed infections in the two combinations of TMV-U1 + PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV. However, in cultivars of 'Manitta' and 'Bugang', synergistic symptoms were not noted, but mottling which was milder than that of single infection was produced. Cells infected singly with TMV-U1 and PMMoV in the cultivars of 'Cheongyang' and 'Wangshilgun', respectively, had the typical ultra-structures of tobamovirus as the stacked-band structure and multiple spiral aggregate (SA). In the cells and tissues infected with PepMoV on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang', 'Wangshilgun', 'Manitta' and 'Bugang', the potyvirus inclusions of pinwheels, scrolls, lamminated aggregates and amorphous inclusion were observed. In the cells infected mixedly with combinations of TMV­U1+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV, the virus particles and inclusions of the two different viruses were found simultaneously in the same cytoplasm. The amounts of virus particles in mixed infections were more abundant than in single infection. The angled-layer aggregates (ALA) were observed only in the cells infected with both TMV-U1 and PepMoV.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2006

A strain of Pepper mottle virus (PepMov) was isolated from chili pepper plants in Korea. In host range study, this virus, designated PepMoV-SNU1, shared most characteristics with PepMoV isolates reported previously. Thermal inactivation point ($45^{\circ}C\;to\;75^{\circ}C$) and dilution end point ($10^{-1}\;to\;10^{-4}$) of PepMoV-SNU1 showed differences depending on the propagation hosts. Cylindrical and pinwheel-shaped inclusions were always observed in pepper leaf tissues infected with the virus alone. Unexpectedly, a special structure of pinwheel shaped inclusion surrounded with unknown small spots was also observed in the leaf section when co-infected with a strain of pepper mild mottle virus. The partial sequence of coat protein gene and 3' untranslated region of PepMoV-SNU1 showed 98% identity with those of other PepMoV isolates. A primer pair derived from 3' end of the coat protein gene and poly A tail regions were designed. Optimal detection condition of PepMoV-SNU1 by RT-PCR was tested to determine appropriate annealing temperature and additional volumes of oligo-dT (18-mer), dNTP, and Taq polymerase. Under the optimized condition, an expected 500 Up PCR-product was detected in pepper leaves infected with PepMoV-SNU1 but not in healthy plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

A peculiar virus-like disease of tomato showing yellow mosaic and necrotic spots on leaves and necrosis on veins, petioles and stems was observed at the Tomato Experimental Station (TES), Buyeo, Chungcheongnamdo, Korea. The disease incidence at TES fields ranged from 21 to 35% infecting different tomato cultivars. For this reason, to identify the virus infecting tomato and to characterize the virus based on biology, serology, cytology and at molecular level. Here, leaf samples were randomly collected from different infected tomato cultivars at TES fields and greenhouses and tested by ELISA using Pepper mottle virus (PePMoV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) antisera. Infected saps were mechanically inoculated in different host plants to test for pathogenicity, symptomatology and host ranges. Infected tissues and ultrathin sections were examined by electron microscopy. Finally, putative coat protein and 3'-untranslated region (CP/3'-UTR) fragment was amplified and cloned for sequence determination and analyzed its genetic relationship to existing PepMoV and PVY sequences at the Genbank. Results showed 69% of the samples were positive with PepMoV, 13% with ToMV and 19 % were doubly infected with PepMoV and ToMV. Symptoms greatly varied from different host plants inoculated with tomato leaf sap infected with PepMoV alone and discussed in detailed in this paper. Electron microscopy from infected tissues showed filamentous particles of 720-750nm in length, a typical morphology and size of PepMoV. In addition, cylindrical inclusion bodies, pinwheels, scrolls and laminates with masses of fibrillar inclusions were also found in ultrathin sections. Alignment of the sequences of the CP/3'-UTR revealed >96% sequence identity with PepMoV and only <61% with PVY. Taken together, all these evidences presented clearly indicated that the causal agent infecting tomato at TES was PepMoV and we designated this PepMoV infecting tomato as Tom-sd2 strain in this study.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

Acinetobacter sp. KTB3의 배양여과액으로 제조한 분말 제제 KNF2022의 바이러스 감염억제 효과를 PMMoV 와 N. glutinosa 또는 N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc를 이용하여 검정한 결과, 증류수 1/100 배양액의 실질 농도 10,000 ppm) 희석농도에서 $94.3{\sim}95.6%$의 높은 감염억제 효과를 나타냈다. 이 1/100 희석농도를 이용하여 PepMoV-C amaranticolor에서 검정한 억제효과는 97.1%, CMV-C amaranticolor 에서는 92.5%의 감염억제를 나타냈다. KNF2022 희석액을 N. glutinosa의 반엽에 도말하고 일정 시간 경과 후 PMMoV를 접종하여 조사한 억제효과의 지속성은 처리 2 일 후까지 약 80% 선에서 억제효과를 나타냈으나, 처리 4 일 후부터는 50% 수준으로 저하되었다. 고추에 KNF2022를 처리한 후 3 종의 바이러스를 접종하고 발현되는 병징을 조사한 결과, 각 바이러스를 단독으로 접종하였을 경우는 바이러스의 종류에 관계없이 접종 후 10 일까지 병징발현이 지연되는 효과를 보였다. 특히 PepMoV를 접종한 경우는 접종 후 30 일까지 병징발현이 억제되어 제제의 처리효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 한편 이들 3 종 바이러스의 복합감염에 대한 KNF2022의 효과는 모든 바이러스 조합에서 단독감염 보다 강하게 발현되어 병징억제의 효과는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 제제를 처리한 고추에서 증식된 바이러스의 농도를 PCR 및 ELISA로 검출한 결과, PepMoV를 단독으로 접종한 경우, 접종 후 30 일까지 cDNA가 검출되지 않았다. RT-PCR 검정에서 억제효과가 인정된 PepMoV와 그 복합감염 의 조합에 대해서 ELISA 검정을 실시한 결과, PCR 검정에서 얻어진 결과와 유사한 패턴을 보여 PepMoV에 대한 감염억제효과가 뚜렷하게 인정되었다. KNF2022를 처리하여 전자현미경으로 관찰한 PMMoV와 PepMoV는 처리 5 분 후에 각각 200-250 nm 및 400-600 nm의 길이로 절단된 입자가 많이 관찰되었고, 처리 30 분 후에는 대부분 100-150nm와 300-500 nm의 절편입자로 관찰되었다. 이와 같이 절단된 입자가 증가할수록 N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc 와 C. amaranticolor에서 나타난 병반수는 급격하게 감소되었다. 한편 KNF2022를 처리한 후 전자현미경을 관찰한 CMV의 바이러스 입자는 처리시간에 비례하여 파괴된 입자의 수가 증가하였으며, 파괴된 바이러스입자가 증가할수록 C. amaranticolor에서의 병반수도 감소되었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

전국 52개 지역에서 2002년, 2004년에서 2006년, 4년 간 고추 바이러스 이병물을 채집하여 바이러스 감염양상을 조사하였다. 감염된 바이러스 종류는 Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV), Pepper mottle virus(PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus(TMGMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) 6종이었다. CMV, PepMoV PMMoV와 BBWV2의 발생률은 각각 29.4%, 13.6%, 14.3%, 25.6%이었다. TMGMV와 TSWV의 발생률은 1.0%로 매우 낮았다. 2002년과 2004년의 CMV 발생률은 53.3%와 34.2%로 가장 높았으나 2005년과 2006년에는 18.2%와 11.9%로 감소하였다. BBWV2의 발생률은 2002년에 1.3%, 2004년에 1.8%로 낮았으나, 2005년에 41.3%, 2006년에 58.2%로 크게 증가하였다. CMV+BBWV2의 발생률은 2002년에 0.0%, 2004년에 2.1%이었으나 2005년과 2006년에 각각 33.3%와 83.2% 증가하여 BBWV2의 단독감염과 함께 복합감염에서도 급격히 증가하였고 CMV+BBWV2+PepMoV의 삼중 복합감염률은 평균 6.4%이었다. CMV는 고추 잎에 심한 모자이크병징, BBWV2는 원형반점 병징을 일으키며, CMV와 BBWV2의 복합감염 경우에는 퇴록병징을 일으켰다. TSWV는 고추 잎과 과일에 전형적인 다중 원형반점을 일으켰다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

치즈 제조공정에서 나오는 부산물인 유청이 진딧물에 의해 전염되는 오이모자이크바이러스(cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)와 고추모틀바이러스(pepper mottle virus, PepMoV)의 감염 억제효과가 있는지를 고추 '청양' 품종을 대상으로 조사하였다. 온실에서 유청 원액 및 원액을 물로 2-20배로 희석하여 고추 '청양' 품종에 분무한 후 복숭아혹진딧물을 이용하여 CMV-Vch를 접종한 결과, 원액을 처리한 실험 구의 감염률이 6.6%로, 대조로 물을 처리한 실험 구의 감염률 23.3%에 비해 저하되었다. 노지에서 재배하는 고추 '청양' 품종에 CMV는 인위적으로 접종하지 않고 자연 감염되도록 둔 상태에서 정식일부터 6월 말일까지 1주일 간격으로 유청 원액을 분무 처리한 결과, 6월5일 이전에 자연적으로 CMV에 감염된 식물체의 비율이 무처리와 살충제 처리에 비해 각각 18.9%와 16.7% 감소하였다. 유청의 식물 바이러스 감염억제에 대한 작용 기작을 알기 위하여 온실에서 PepMoV-kr에 감염된 식물체 즙액과 유청을 1:1로 혼합하여 고추에 인공접종하여 시간경과에 따른 외피단백질 농도 변화를 웨스턴 블로팅 방법으로 분석한 결과, 접종 6일 후 대조에 비하여 적었으나, 접종 9일 후에는 대조와 동일하게 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과는 유청이 고추에 발생하는 서로 다른 속에 속하는 두 종류의 바이러스인 CMV와 PepMoV에 의한 감염 억제에 효과가 있다는 것을 보여주었다.