• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.195-197
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• 1997

An urinoma(uriniferous pseudocyst, pararenal pseudocyst) denotes an encapsulated collection of urine in the perirenal or paraureteral space. It was usually reported in relation to trauma and acquired obstructive uropathy but rarely reported in renal infection including renal candidiasis. The mechanism is believed due to rupture of fornix through weakened portion of suppurated kidney and pyelosinus backflow by increased intrapelvic pressure in obstructive uropathy and fungus ball obstruction. We report a case of urinoma in a premature as the first case in Korea which developed as a complication of renal candidiasis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2002

We present a case of nasopharyngeal stenosis which developed after adenotonsillectomy. A 11-year-old boy underwent adenotonsillectomy because of snoring at a local clinic using a $CO_2$ LASER. After the operation, he cannot breathe via nose due to severe cicatrical nasopharyngeal stenosis. Nasopharyngeal stenosis and oropharyngeal stenosis are rare and challenging problems in the pediatric population. The most common etiology is currently the surgical trauma associated with adenotonsillectomy. Stenosis can vary from a thin band to a complete obstructing cicatrix. Presenting symptoms range from mild hyponasal speech to severe airway obstruction. We treated the patient with velopharyngoplasty using two separate rotational mucosal flaps.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1976

The clinical effect of pre-operative medication with hydroxyzine hydrochloride in allaying fear and apprehension without psychic trauma, controlling the behavior of 62 pedodontic patients aged $2\frac{1}{2}$ to 12 has been studied. The following results were obtained upon this study. 1. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride group gave statistically high significant results at 0.005 level when compared to placebo and control group. 2. Placebo was superior to control group for control of cooperation, crying and apprehension: the difference, however, was not significant statistically. 3. As the number of appointments in hydroxyzine hydrochloride group increased behavior control of patients were easier. 4. The amount of 30mg hydroxyzine hydrochloride was appeared to be not effective for very young problem child. ($2\frac{1}{2}$Yrs) 5. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride was a safe drug with no apparent side effect drowsiness.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1979

The author surveyed traumatized anterior teeth of 12~17 year old 9453(male 4740, female 4713) school students. The results were as follows: 1. The prevalence of traumatized anterior teeth was $10.3{\pm}0.6%$. 2. The prevalence of traumatized anterior teeth of male was $12.2{\pm}0.9%$, and that of female was $8.4{\pm}0.8%$. The prevalence of male was higher than that of female. 3. The distribution of traumatized teeth by severity was as follows: Class I-65.3%, Class II-20.7%, Class III-8.2%, Missing teeth-5.4%, Others-0.4%. 4. Maxillary central incisors had the highest trauma frequence. 5. Single fractures were found to occur more commonly than multiple fractures. 6. The percentage of treated person was 5.1%. 7. 72.3% of the sample was not affected by the traumatized anterior teeth, and 27.7% of the sample thought the traumatized anterior teeth ugly.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.414-427
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the color distribution of maxillary permanent incisors in Korean pediatric patients and determine the effects of age and root developmental stage on tooth color. The L^*a^*b^* values of 404 sound and fully erupted maxillary incisors without dental caries, restorations, trauma history or discoloration from 101 Korean patients between ages 7 and 15, with a mean age 10.0 ± 1.5, were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. CIE L^*a^*b^* values were 84.01, 0.17, and 24.07 in maxillary central incisors, and 82.33, 0.31, and 25.99 in maxillary lateral incisors. L^* values of maxillary central incisors were higher, and b^* values of maxillary central incisors were lower than those of maxillary lateral incisors (p < 0.001). The color differences among the subregions exceeded the clinical perceptibility threshold in both of the maxillary central and lateral incisors. L^* value for children at age 10 and younger was 84.13 in maxillary central incisors and 84.04 in maxillary lateral incisors, and those of older patients were 80.62 and 80.56, respectively. L^* value of maxillary incisors of children at age 10 and younger was significantly higher than that of older patients. The root developmental stage did not affect tooth color. This study suggests that the color differences between maxillary central and lateral incisors and among the subregions of a tooth and the effects of age should be considered for aesthetic restorations of permanent incisors in pediatric patients.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 2009

Injuries of permanent teeth by trauma occur frequently in childhood and adolescence. Crown fractures are as frequent as 25-76% and especially maxillary incisors are prone to fractures. There have been numerous efforts to achieve both aesthetically and functionally satisfying restoration. When a mature tooth is fractured, porcelain crown or laminate veneer could be a choice of prosthodontic treatment. However, in a case of immature permanent incisor fracture, prosthodontic treatment is more complicated due to the immaturity of the tooth. Moreover, if endodontic treatment is accompanied with the prosthodontic treatment, the treatment period is prolonged. In the past, restoration using an orthodontic band, a ready-made crown, or glass ionomer cement did not exhibit esthetically satisfying result. As restorational materials have been improved, now more esthetic restoration is possible by reattaching fractured fragments or light-curing composite resin restoration. We reports cases of patients with fractured maxillary incisors and their successful treatment results through reattachment of fractured fragments and composite resin restoration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.288-292
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• 2009

A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin, and cementum. The fractures may be grouped according to pulpal involvement into uncomplicated and complicated. Generally a vertically crown-root fractured tooth must be extracted. However, it should be mentioned that the cases have been reported where bonding of the coronal fragment has led to consolidation of the intraalveolar part of the fracture. Definitive conservative therapy comprises one of four treatment alternatives; fragment removal only, fragment removal with gingivectomy, orthodontic extrusion of apical fragment, and surgical extrusion of apical fragment. The choice is primarily determined by the exact information on the site and the type of fracture, but the cost and the complexity of treatment can also be decisional factors. On the other hand, intentional replantation of the teeth with vertical root facture reconstructed with resin bonding has emerged as a new promising method in recent years. This case presents an intentional replantation of the crown-root fractured maxillary central incisor reconstructed with resin bonding. However, an obvious increase of radiolucency was observed after 4 months and the tooth was re-fractured after 16 months.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2007

Odontomas are the common type of odontogenic tumors and generally are asymptomatic and frequently lead to impaction or delayed eruption of permanent teeth. They are composed of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue and are divided into compound and complex according to the morphology of the hard tissues. Compound odontomas consist of varying numbers of small toothlike structure and have a predilection for the maxillary anterior regions. Complex odontomas consist of an unorganized mass of odontogenic tissues and comprise approximately 25 percent of all odontomas and have a predilection for the mandibular posterior regions. The etiology of odontomas is uncertain but hypothesized to involve local trauma, infection and genetic factors. Treatment of odontoma is conservative surgical removal and are little probability of recurrence. These two cases were about the patients with delayed eruption of mandibular first molar and mandibular lateral incisor. We surgically removed odontoma, exposed impacted tooth and guided impacted tooth into normal position by orthodontic traction. At the completion of traction, the mandibular first molar and mandibular lateral incisor was positioned fairly within the arch and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-221
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• 2000

Mucoceles and Ranulas are mucous retention phenomena, ie, they develop from the extravasation or retention of mucous after trauma to the sublingual gland or one of the minor salivary glands. Mucoceles are chronic in nature, and local surgical excision is necessary. To minimize the chance for recurrence, the underlying feeder glands should be removed in continuity with the mucocele. Ranula is a term used for mucoceles that occur in the floor of the mouth Treatment consists of marsupialization and/or removal of the feeding sublingual gland. Marsupialization entails removal of the roof of the intraoral lesion. However this procedure is often unsuccessful. Some prefer initially to excise the entire sublingual gland. This case report presents two cases. one case was developed on lower lip and treated by marsupialization. There was no recurrence during follow up period.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.344-350
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• 2000

Incidence of crown-root fracture due to traumatic injury, have been reported 3% in the permanent dentiton, 2% in the deciduous dentition. There are two treatment methods for crown-root fractured teeth with pulp exposure, when the fracture line was located under the alveolar crest. One way is the extrusion by orthodontic force the other way is intra-alveolar transplantation which occlusally repositioning of apical fragment in the alveolar socket. Since intra-alveolar transplantation has introduced in 1970s, it was practiced as alternative to orthodontic extrusion. As the result, this method may thoughted that had a good prognosis. As a result of trauma, completely crown-root fracture was occured in the maxillary right central incisor in this case. We couldn't reposition the deepest fracture line above the alveolar crest by the conventional surgical extrusion, because apical fragment was too short. Thus, after extraction of apical fragment, we repositioned it to the socket following demineralized freezed dried bone graft, which possible to support the apical fragment. At the 15-month recall examination, the root still showed normal mobility and there was not observed any in flammatory or replacement root resorption in the periapical radiograph.