• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.483-488
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• 2003

Nasopalatine duct cyst(NPDC) is the most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral area and is thought to be originated from the epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct. Many etiologic factors have been proposed for the NPDC; trauma to the region during mastication or from ill fitting dentures, bacterial infection, and spontaneous proliferation of tissue. The majority of cases are seen between the ages of 40th and 60th and it is rare in children. Surgical enucleation is the recommended treatment for NPDC, usually under general anaesthesia. A 9-year-old boy was refered to the chosun university pedodontics clinic that this child who has anterior palatal swelling is in routine check. In this case, swelling was presented at the bottom of the anterior nasal cavity as well as in the labial aspect of the upper alveolar ridge. It was so large that we treated it by marsupialization and obturator was put. This patient is on the continuous observation. We treated the child who had NPDC by marsupialization, and got the successful results such as rapid bone regeneration and the consistency of incisor vitality.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

A tooth impaction means a state that a tooth does not erupt out of oral mucosa or alveolar bone for many reasons. The reasons for an impaction of the Maxillary central incisor are an odontoma, supernumerary tooth, space loss, prolonged remaining or early loss of a preceding deciduous tooth, abnormalities of crown or root caused by trauma of a deciduous tooth and an ectopic position of a tooth germ. In the case of the impacted maxillary incisor, a rapid mesial movement of a lateral incisor leads a space loss and a midline deviation can be happened. Furthermore, it can cause a cyst. When we treated a patient with an impacted central incisor early, we could see a better prognosis. It means an early diagnosis and an exact treatment are very important. Generally if the impaction is not severe or it is caused by a keratinized covering tissue, a surgical exposure can induce an eruption easily but an orthodontic force is recommended when an eruption does not happen after a surgical method, when the eruption path is too transpositioned to be corrected spontaneously and when an impacted tooth is located so deeply. In the treatment using an orthodontic force, careful considerations about a root length, pulp, and a periodontal tissue can improve the periodontal and esthetic prognosis for the long follow-up results. This case is using an orthodontic traction following a periodic observation and in no expectation of spontaneous eruption. After treatment of this case, I have got some knowledges, so I report this case.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.571-577
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• 2008

Root fracture of primary teeth is relatively uncommon because the more pliable alveolar bone allows displacement of the tooth. Root fracture of primary teeth is occupied $2{\sim}7%$ in trauma pattern of primary teeth. A horizontal root fracture is classified based on the location of the fracture in relation to the root tip : the apical third, middle third, or cervical third of the root. The prognosis worsens the further cervically the fracture has occurrer. Root fracture of primary teeth should be treated by splinting the incisor to the adjacent normal teeth with a resin-wire splint for $8{\sim}12$ weeks. However, if a portion of the root is abscessed or extremely mobile, it can be extracted, and the remaining root fragment will resorb normally. For coronal third fracture in primary teeth, the coronal third is extracted, leaving the apical portion of the root to resorb normally. These root fracture cases of primary teeth were treated by resin-wire splinting despite extremely mobile coronal fragment. Even though they seems like healing well, They need to be monitored regularly until their successors erupt.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2013

Speech is complex psycho-physiological mutual process which includes many orofacial organs. Especially, teeth play an especially important role as an articulation organ in conjunction with the lips and tongue. When teeth are missing, the position of tongue and mandible is adjusted to produce correct sound. If a patient's adaptive function is inadequate for modification of malocclusion, prosthodontic and orthodontic interventions are necessary. Missing teeth of young patients should be reconstructed bacause it can cause malocclusion, decreased masticatory efficiency, articulation disorders, esthetic problem, and temporomandibular disorder. Valplast$^{(R)}$(Valplast International Corp, New York, USA) flexible denture is useful for rehabilitation due to its excellent physical properties, esthetics, and small volume. This case is regardingan intellecturally disabled patient with anarticulation disorder caused by missing lower incisors due to trauma. The patient showed improvement in articulation by using flexible partial denture. The purpose of this report is to figure out the influence of missing lower anterior teeth on articulation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.616-622
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• 1999

The primary objective of pulp treatment is to maintain the integrity and health of the oral tissues. The most important and difficult aspect of pulp therapy is determining the health of the pulp, or its stage of inflammation, so that a decision can be made regarding the best form of treatment. Immature permanent teeth are good candidates for many pulp healing procedures, due to their rich blood supply, which is believed to enhance the pulp's ability to react successfully to various insults. Healing was considered to have taken place when the tooth fulfilled the following criteria: 1. Abscence of clinical symtoms 2. Radiographic evidence of dentin bridge formation 3. No intrapulpal or periapical pathosis was evident radiographically 4. Continued root development and closure of the apex in immature teeth 5. Normal dentin apposition in mature teeth 6. Positive response to electrical pulp test This presents a report of cases in which immature permanent teeth, pulp-exposed by caries or trauma, was treated successfully by partial pulpotomy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.122-130
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• 2006

Congenital Missing Teeth(hypodontia, oligodontia) is the developmental absence of one or more teeth. It has been reported as being the most common anomaly of dental development in human, relatively common in the permanent dentition. In a recent review, Vastardis has quoted incidence ranges of $1.6%{\sim}9.6%$ in the permanent dentition. Brook has quoted a prevalence of $3.5%{\sim}6.5%$ in most populations, with severe hypodontia, defined as the absence of six or more teeth, having a prevalence of $0.3{\sim}0.4%$. The most commonly affected teeth are third molars, followed by maxillary lateral incisor, and second premolars. The etiology is unknown, several hypotheses include trauma, nutritional deficiency, infection, metabolic abnormalities, systemic disease and genetic influence. The multiple congenital missing is commonly associated with specific syndrome or severe systemic abnormalities such as cleft lip & palate and Down's syndrome. These cases present that children have multiple congenital missing teeth in the permanent dentition, without any systemic disease. Management of this condition must be considered orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment comprehensively. In these cases, children were treated by space maintainer or orthodontic appliance and follow-up checked.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

When routine behavior control is impossible, midazolam is often used for sedation, because it has wide margin of safety, relatively few side-effects and multiple route of administration. Although intramuscular administration of all administration route is frequently used, it is a major source of anxiety, discomfort, and trauma in children. To the contrary, oral administration of midazolam is easily administered and accepted by children. But, it's therapeutic drug concentration has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare sedation effect and physiologic parameter of oral midazolam which palliate demerits of intramuscular administration in sedating young pediatric patients with intramuscular midazolam Twelve negative children, mean age 62.5 months, who needed at least two separate restorative visits, requiring local anesthesia participated in this study On every visit, one of the following 2 different sedative regimen was given : (1) 0.30mg/kg midazolam by intramuscular administration (2) 0.75mg/kg by oral administration. Physiologic parameter(oxygen saturation, heart rate) was recorded by ten procedure and behavior was videotaped and rated using Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale and Automated Counting System by one investigator, blind to administration route The analyzed sedative effect of oral midazolam resulted in good sedative effect, comparing to intramuscular route, And there is no statistically difference between oral and intramuscular administration of midazolam (p>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitude and knowledge level of a group of elementary school teachers in management of traumatic dental injury. The sample consisted of 231 elementary school teachers in Jeon-Buk province, and data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire surveyed the teachers'general information, attitude on the dental trauma education, knowledge of management of tooth fracture, luxation, avulsion and tooth storage media. Only 15.2% of the teachers had received dental first aid treatment education, but 97% were favorable to receiving education. Although there were differences among the questions, insufficient knowledge and awareness of the management of traumatic dental injury were shown in the majority of teachers. It is recommended that education strategies and programs for improving the awareness of immediate management of traumatic dental injuries are necessary for elementary school teachers in Jeon-Buk province.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.343-354
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• 2022

Objective: To develop and evaluate a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting skull fractures on plain radiographs in children. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multi-center study consisted of a development dataset acquired from two hospitals (n = 149 and 264) and an external test set (n = 95) from a third hospital. Datasets included children with head trauma who underwent both skull radiography and cranial computed tomography (CT). The development dataset was split into training, tuning, and internal test sets in a ratio of 7:1:2. The reference standard for skull fracture was cranial CT. Two radiology residents, a pediatric radiologist, and two emergency physicians participated in a two-session observer study on an external test set with and without AI assistance. We obtained the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The AI model showed an AUROC of 0.922 (95% CI, 0.842-0.969) in the internal test set and 0.870 (95% CI, 0.785-0.930) in the external test set. The model had a sensitivity of 81.1% (95% CI, 64.8%-92.0%) and specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 79.2%-97.6%) for the internal test set and 78.9% (95% CI, 54.4%-93.9%) and 88.2% (95% CI, 78.7%-94.4%), respectively, for the external test set. With the model's assistance, significant AUROC improvement was observed in radiology residents (pooled results) and emergency physicians (pooled results) with the difference from reading without AI assistance of 0.094 (95% CI, 0.020-0.168; p = 0.012) and 0.069 (95% CI, 0.002-0.136; p = 0.043), respectively, but not in the pediatric radiologist with the difference of 0.008 (95% CI, -0.074-0.090; p = 0.850). Conclusion: A deep learning-based AI model improved the performance of inexperienced radiologists and emergency physicians in diagnosing pediatric skull fractures on plain radiographs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.39.1-39.6
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• 2016

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children often leads to facial deformity, functional deficit, and negative influence of the psychosocial development, which worsens with growth. The treatment of TMJ ankylosis in the pediatric patient is much more challenging than in adults because of a high incidence of recurrence and unfavorable growth of the mandible. Case report: This is a case report describing sequential management of the left TMJ ankylosis resulted from trauma in early childhood. The multiple surgeries including a costochondral graft and gap arthroplasty using interpositional silicone block were performed, but re-ankylosis of the TMJ occurred after surgery. Alloplastic TMJ prosthesis was conducted to prevent another ankylosis, and signs or symptoms of re-ankylosis were not found. Additional reconstruction surgery was performed to compensate mandibular growth after confirming growth completion. During the first 3 years of long-term follow-up, satisfactory functional and esthetic results were observed. Conclusions: This is to review the sequential management for the recurrent TMJ ankylosis in a growing child. Even though proper healing was expected after reconstruction of the left TMJ with costal cartilage graft, additional surgical interventions, including interpositional arthroplasty, were performed due to re-ankylosis of the affected site. In this case, alloplastic prosthesis could be an option to prevent TMJ re-ankylosis for growing pediatric patients with TMJ ankylosis in the beginning.