• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of severe early childhood caries and feeding pratices in preschool children. The subjects of study were six hundred and seventy-two preschool children in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) was defined as the presence of one or more cavitated, missing due to caries, or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth. The caregivers of children were given a questionnaire including age, gender, birthweight, and feeding practices. The prevalence of S-ECC was 34.5%. The prevalence was significantly higher when there were the habit of sleeping while feeding, the habit of feeding sour or sweet content in the bottle, and the habit of using the pacifier. Birth weight, breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, and the sippy cup habit showed no significant association with the prevalence of S-ECC. There were significant positive associations between breast-feeding and sleeping while feeding, between bottle-feeding and the pacifier, between sleeping while feeding and sour or sweet content in the bottle, between sleeping while feeding and the sippy cup, between sleeping while feeding and the pacifier, and between the sippy cup and the pacifier. There were significant negative associations between breast-feeding and the pacifier.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 1993

To compare the morbidity between the breast-fed and artificial formula-fed Infants, the frequency of diseases during infancy was studied. The subjects were 37 breast-fed infants and 41 formula-fed infants aged 12-15 months. The data were obtained while they visited the pediatric out-patient clinics. The results were as follows : 1. Most prevalent diseases in the infancy were respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. 2. During the first 6 months the morbidity was significantly lower in the breast-fed than in the formula-fed 3. The frequency of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases was significantly higher in the formula-fed than in the breast-fed infant during the first 6 months.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the weaning practice of 198 infants in Taejon city in October, 1998. Information on infant feeding and weaning practices were obtained by interviewing mothers in gynecologist and pediatric clinics located in Taejon. The results obtained were as follows : In the survey 37.4% of the infants were breast-feeding, while 31.3% of them were bottle-feeding and 29.3% of them were mixed-feeding. The reason for bottled-feeding was due either to the lack of breast-milk secretion or motner’s job. The educational level of the mother and maternal job affected the feeding methods before weaning. Lower rates of breast-feeding were found among mothers witn a lover level of education. The breast-feeding rate was lower in full-time and part-time job worker groups than in housewife. There was no significant difference in the feeding methods according to family income. Among the subjects, 71.5% of infants began to be weaned within 7 months. The onset of weaning was delayed in the full-time worker group. There was no significant difference in the onset time of weaning according to feeding method, the educational level of the mother, and family income. 60.6% of infants received fruit juice and 29.6% of them received cereals for first-given-supplementary food. ‘For baby’s nutritional status’ was the most common motivation for the onset of weaning. Commercially prepared foods were used more than home-made food for supplementary food.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.345-350
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• 2014

Iron deficiency affects approximately one-third of the world's population, occurring most frequently in children aged 6 months to 3 years. Mechanisms of iron absorption are similar to those of other divalent metals, particularly manganese, lead, and cadmium, and a diet deficient in iron can lead to excess absorption of manganese, lead, and cadmium. Iron deficiency may lead to cognitive impairments resulting from the deficiency itself or from increased metal concentrations caused by the deficiency. Iron deficiency combined with increased manganese or lead concentrations may further affect neurodevelopment. We recently showed that blood manganese and lead concentrations are elevated among iron-deficient infants. Increased blood manganese and lead levels are likely associated with prolonged breast-feeding, which is also a risk factor for iron deficiency. Thus, babies who are breast-fed for prolonged periods should be given plain, iron-fortified cereals or other good sources of dietary iron.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.346-348
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• 2007

Surgical elevation of the depressed bone is known to be the conventional treatment usually recommended for a simple depressed skull fracture in the adult or pediatric age. The authors introduce, however, a case of depressed skull fracture in an infant which was elevated by means of a cup of breast pump and a suction generator without surgical elevation. In our case, without surgery, a 'cup-shaped' depressed skull fracture in an infant was safely elevated with no neurological signs. This method is considered a simple, effective, safe, and alternative procedure in an infant with simple depressed skull fracture.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2007

Although it is a rare condition, breast-feeding may result in hypernatremic dehydration. However, incidences might be increasing with more mothers breast-feeding. Although the early detection and management of hypernatremic dehydration from breast-feeding is important, its prevention is even more important on account of its serious complications. In order to prevent hypernatremic dehydration secondary to breast-feeding, it is essential to educate mothers in successful breast-feeding methods. An early follow-up after discharge is recommended. We report a case of hypernatremic dehydration secondary to breast-feeding in a full-term newborn that was corrected without any complications.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1332-1339
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• 2002

Purpose : Through a survey undertaken among doctors practicing pediatric patients in primary medical facilities on nutrition during infancy, the present study was done to determine whether these doctors were giving appropriate advice on infant nutrition. Methods : We visited pediatric specialists(group one) and non-pediatric specialists or general practitioners(group two) who were practicing in Daegu to ask them to fill out a questionaire on infant nutrition. Results : When 10 points were given to each question for a total of 100 points, the results of the evaluation showed that the score in group one was $73.0{\pm}15.8$ points and $45.1{\pm}18.4$ points in group two, showing a significant difference. No statistical difference was seen in the scores between non-pediatric specialists and general practitioners. Each answer to each question on the feeding period of breast milk, on loose stools during breast milk feeding, methods to deal with jaundice during breast milk feeding, choice of commercial baby food, criteria on directing soy milk, and criteria of guiding infant cereal was different between group one and two. Conclusion : The results of the present investigation showed that specialists in other fields or general practitioners were giving inappropriate advice on nutrition during the infant stage compared with pediatric specialists; thus, we need to confirm methods to prevent inappropriate consultations by specialists of other fields, together with continued education of pediatric specialists.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

This paper covers algorithms for the management of regurgitation, constipation and infantile colic in infants. Anti-regurgitation formula may be considered in infants with troublesome regurgitation, while diagnostic investigations or drug therapy are not indicated in the absence of warning signs. Although probiotics have shown some positive evidence for the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the evidence is not strong enough to make a recommendation. A partially hydrolyzed infant formula with prebiotics and ${\beta}$-palmitate may be considered as a dietary intervention for functional constipation in formula fed infants. Lactulose has been shown to be effective and safe in infants younger than 6 months that are constipated. Macrogol (polyethylene glycol, PEG) is not approved for use in infants less than 6 months of age. However, PEG is preferred over lactulose in infants >6 months of age. Limited data suggests that infant formula with a partial hydrolysate, galacto-oligosaccharides/fructo-oligosaccharides, added ${\beta}$-palmitate may be of benefit in reducing infantile colic in formula fed infants in cases where cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is not suspected. Evidence suggests that the use of extensively hydrolyzed infant formula for a formula-fed baby and a cow's milk free diet for a breastfeeding mother may be beneficial to decrease infantile colic if CMPA is suspected. None of the FGIDs is a reason to stop breastfeeding.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1162-1165
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• 2005

Purpose : The objective of this survey was to develop an operational plan for breast feeding education. In order to comprehend current breast feeding patterns, we aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breast feeding of mothers and to compare the data with a similar study done 6 years ago. Methods : A total of 127 mothers who delivered healthy babies at Ewha Womans University Dongdaemun Hospital were interviewed and asked to complete a survey on their perception of breast feeding during their postpartum stay in the hospital. A follow up phone interview was carried out at 1, 2 and 3 months after delivery and similar questions were asked. Results : At the time of delivery, 96.1 percent of mothers planned to breast feed, including 73.2 percent of exclusive breast feeding and 22.8 percent of mixed feeding. The duration of breast feeding planned was mostly 7-12 months. Breast feeding had been recommended by family members. Between 1-3 months, exclusive breast feeding was maintained at least 50 percent but a large number of mothers who had practiced mixed feeding changed to formula feeding. This trend demonstrates an increase in the rate of breast feeding at 3 months compared to a similar study done in 1999. The main reasons for discontinuing breast feeding were insufficient amount of milk(35.0 percent) and return to work(27.5 percent). Conclusion : Breast feeding rate has increased in Korea since 1999 but failure to continue exclusive breast feeding still occurs mainly within the first month after delivery. Breast feeding education should focus on supportive care to mothers practicing mixed feeding.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.sup1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2016

We report here a case of maternal 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (3-MCC) deficiency in a Korean woman. Her 2 infants had elevated 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH) on a neonatal screening test by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), but normal results were found on urine organic acid analysis. The patient was subjected to serial testing and we confirmed a maternal 3-MCC deficiency by blood spot and breast milk spot test by LC-MS/MS, serum amino acid analysis, urine organic acid and molecular genetic analysis that found c.838G>T (p.Asp280Tyr) homozygous mutation within exon 9 of the MCCB gene. Especially, we confirmed marked higher levels of C5-OH on breast milk spot by LC-MS/MS, in the case of maternal 3-MCC deficiency vs. controls.