• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.429-440
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• 2017

This study investigated the influence of paired think-aloud problem solving on interactions among the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) components considered in the processes of making written test items by pre-service chemistry teachers. The processes of making written test items using paired think-aloud problem solving in four small groups consisting of two pre-service chemistry teachers were recorded and transcribed. The analysis of the results revealed that the 'assessment in science education' of the five PCK components, regardless of the roles (solver or listener), was most frequently used in making written test items. 'Subject matter knowledge' and 'students' were also frequently used although less than the previous component. However, 'curriculum for science education' and 'instructional strategies and instruction for science education' was a little used. In the aspects of integration, the integrations between two or three components of various types were frequently found. The integrations among four or five components were also slightly found. However, the integrations of 'curriculum for science education' with the other components were less frequently found. The integrations of 'instructional strategies and instruction for science education' with other components were hardly found. The usefulness, limitations, and effective use of paired think-aloud problem solving as a strategy improving competency to make written test items and the PCK of pre-service teachers were discussed on the basis of the results.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1219-1236
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between subject matter knowledge (SMK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for science teachers. To this end, a total of 26 secondary Earth science teachers participated in this study and a concept diagnostic questionnaire and a lesson planning task of atmospheric pressure were devised to give an indication of participating teachers' SMK and PCK, respectively. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, participating teachers showed a variety of SMK levels about atmospheric pressure. Second, teachers at high level of SMK focused on 'supplementary' and 'fundamental' curriculum contents for in-depth conceptual understanding, but teachers at low level of SMK, on the contrary, stressed 'applicative' curriculum contents. Third, teachers at high level of SMK grasped students' misconceptions and difficulties in learning atmospheric pressure far more concretely than teachers at low level of SMK. Lastly, teachers at high level of SMK showed a tendency to use learner-centered instructional strategy by utilizing students' prior knowledge, but teachers at low level of SMK were inclined toward teacher-directed concept explanation. Based on this study, some implications for effective science teacher preparation programs were also discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.585-597
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze science subject items in the first screening stage of the elementary school teacher employment examination based on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and provide suggestions for improving the items. For this purpose, an analysis framework to analyze the items was developed and a total of 14 unit items between academic years of 2013 and 2019 were analyzed according to the analysis framework. The analysis of the results reveal that 'subject matter knowledge' of the five PCK components was most frequently included in the items. 'Instructional strategies and instruction for science education' was also frequently included although less than that of the previous component. However, 'assessment in science education', 'students', and 'curriculum for science education' were a little included. There were also assessment domains and contents which were not involved in the items. In the aspects of integration, the integrations between two components of two types were frequently found. No integrations were also frequently included although less than the previous category. The integrations among three or four components were also slightly found. Integrations among five components were not found. 'Subject matter knowledge' or 'instructional strategies and instruction for science education' with other components were more frequently found. However, the integrations of 'assessment in science education', 'students', and 'curriculum for science education' with the other components were less frequently found. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Proceedings of The KACE
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• 2017.08a
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• pp.217-220
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• 2017

테크놀로지의 발전에 따라 교육에서도 테크놀로지를 도입하기 위한 움직임이 활발하게 진행되었다. 교육에서는 테크놀로지를 학생들이 학습 과정에서 겪는 문제점을 해결하기 위한 목적으로 활용하였다. 하지만, 교사들의 테크놀로지에 대한 전문성 부족으로 인하여, 교사들은 수업에 테크놀로지를 도입하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 테크놀로지를 기반으로 한 교사의 수업 전문성 발달을 위하여 테크놀로지 교수 내용 지식(TPACK)이 도입되었고, 교사의 TPACK 향상을 위한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 최근에는 테크놀로지가 가진 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 새로운 테크놀로지 도구로써 프로그래밍이 주목받고 있다. 따라서 선행 연구에서는 프로그래밍을 기반으로 TPACK 교육 프로그램을 향상시키기 위한 교육 프로그램이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 김성원과 이영준(2017)에서 개발한 TPACK 교육 프로그램의 효과를 검색하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 교사에게 적합한 40차시의 TPACK-P 교육 프로그램을 개발하였고, 연구를 위하여 모집한 17명의 교사를 대상으로 교육 프로그램을 적용하였다. 또한, 교사의 TPACK 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 박기철과 강성주(2014)의 연구에서 개발한 검사 도구를 교육 프로그램 투입 전, 후에 실시하였다. 적용 결과, TPACK-P 교육프로그램을 통하여 교사의 TPACK은 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 세부 영역에서는 Pedagogical Knowledge(PK), Technological Knowledge(TK), Technological Content Knowledge(TCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge(TPK), Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge(TPACK)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 하지만, Content Knowledge(CK)와 Pedagogical Content Knowledge(PCK)에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 TPACK-P 교육 프로그램이 모든 영역은 아니지만, 테크놀로지와 관련된 지식과 교사의 TPACK 발달에 효과적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 TPACK-P 교육 프로그램을 통한 교사의 TPACK 변화를 검사 도구를 통하여 측정하였다. 후속 연구에서는 TPACK-P 교육 프로그램에 참여한 교사의 수업 전문성의 변화와 학교 현장에서 수업의 변화, 이에 대한 학생들의 반응을 측정하는 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2021

This study aims at exploring the features of science teaching orientation (STO) and its relationships with other PCK (pedagogical content knowledge) components. To do this, based on the definition of STO by Friedrichsen, Driel, & Abell(2011) and PCK model by Magnusson, Krajcik, & Borko(1999), we observed one experienced elementary teacher's science lessons for 21 lesson hours (10 hours of 'Motion of Objects' and 11 hours of 'Light and Lens') and carried out qualitative analyses of the data obtained from lessons observation, teacher interviews, and CoRe (content representation) responses. We analyzed the teacher's three aspects of STO (i.e. beliefs about the goals and purpose of science teaching, beliefs about the nature of science, and beliefs about science teaching and learning) which can converge into an overall STO of 'inquiry'. And these aspects of STO appear to interact differently with four PCK components (i.e. curriculum knowledge, learner knowledge, instructional knowledge, and assessment knowledge) depending on the topic of the lesson. It is hoped that this in-depth understanding of the features of STO and its relationship with other PCK components would provide useful information on how to monitor and improve STO and PCK of elementary teachers.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore changes in elementary teachers' modeling pPCK (personal PCK) resulting from knowledge exchange within the realms of PCK described in the Refined Consensus Model (hereafter RCM). For this purpose, a professional learning community (hereafter PLC) was established for three elementary school teachers to facilitate knowledge exchange specifically focused on science modeling instructions. The study then analyzed the CoRe (content representations) written by the research participants twice to explore any changes in modeling pPCK (personal PCK). In addition, the discourse shared by the participants in the PLC and the data from the in-depth interviews were also analyzed using grounded theory research methods. The results of the study showed that there was no significant change in knowledge of the science curriculum in elementary teachers' modeling pPCK, but there were changes in orientations toward teaching science, knowledge of students' understanding in science, knowledge of instructional strategies and representations, and knowledge of assessment of science learning. Furthermore, the analysis of PLC discourse and in-depth interviews showed that modeling instructions reflection (ePCK; enacted PCK) and educational research-based modeling cPCK (collective PCK) influenced these changes in teachers' modeling pPCK. Accordingly, this study suggests recommendations for pedagogical approaches aimed at improving teachers' modeling PCK.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.543-563
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• 2020

This study explores how the teaching practices of two teachers changed during scientific modeling classes. It also aims to understand these changes in terms of the teachers' modeling pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) development. The study participants were two elementary school teachers and their fifth-grade students. The teachers taught eight lessons of scientific modeling classes about the human body. The data analysis was conducted for lessons 1-2 and 7-8, which best showed the change in teaching practice. The two teachers' teaching practices were analyzed in terms of feedback frequency, feedback content, and the time allocated for each stage of model generation, evaluation, and modification. Teacher A led the evaluation and modification stages in a teacher-driven way throughout the classes. In terms of feedback, teacher A mainly used answer evaluation feedback in lesson 1-2; however, in lesson 7-8, the feedback content changed to thought-provoking feedback. Meanwhile, teacher B mostly led a teacher-driven model evaluation and modification in lesson 1-2; however, in lesson 7-8, she let her students lead the model evaluation and modification stages and helped them develop models through various feedbacks. The analysis shows that these teaching changes were related to the development of modeling PCK components. Furthermore, the two teachers' modeling PCK differed in teaching orientation, in understanding the modeling stages, and in recognizing the value of modeling, suggesting the importance of these in modeling teaching practice. This study can help improve the understanding of modeling classes by revealing the relationship between teaching practices and modeling PCK.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.675-696
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• 2011

This study was designed to understand PCK to improve professionalism of teachers and derive implications about proper teachings methods. For achieving these research purposes, different PCK and teaching methods in class of three teachers were compared and analyzed targeting arithmetic operation unit of fraction. For this study, criteria of PCK analysis of teachers was set, PCK questionnaires were produced and distributed, teachers had interviews, PCK of teachers were analyzed, two times fraction class was observed and analyzed, and PCK of teachers and their classes were compared. Followings are results to analyze PCK of teachers about fraction. In relation to PCK of three teachers, first of all, A teacher accurately understood concepts of fraction and learners' errors that may occur when they study fraction. Also, he(she) proposed concrete teaching strategies for fraction based on manipulated materials. B teacher also understood concepts of fraction and learners' errors accurately too. On the other hand, C teacher laid stress on knowledge to stress principles and taught that they are bases for every class. These results mean that self-training and inservice- training should be efficiently upgraded to improve PCK of teachers.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.251-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of PCK before class, investigate how these characteristics are enacted in classrooms when beginning and experienced teachers teach mathematical functions, and provide pedagogical implications. Two beginning teachers and two experienced teachers participated in the study. In order to analyze characteristics of PCK before class, interviews and survey research were conducted. An investigation of classroom discourse was used to examine how the PCK characteristics appear in classrooms. Results show that experiences teachers enacted their PCK about learner, curriculum, teaching methods, and teaching environment in classrooms, whereas beginning teachers could not show their PCK. These results suggest practical implications for the developments of teacher education curriculum and teacher training program.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.671-683
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to investigate practicing elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and the significant predictors of their pedagogical content knowledge in science teaching. The PCK instrument was used to measure elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. It consists of 6 factors to measure teachers' pedagogical content knowledge of 1)instructional methods, 2)representations, 3)contents, 4)evaluations, 5)students, and 6)curriculum. A questionnaire that consists of 7 questions regarding the teachers' degree, their number of years of teaching their choice of teaching science, their personal science teaching efficacy, their science teaching outcome expectation, their science instructional methods, and their attitudes toward teaching science, was also used to identify the information as to significant predictors of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. A sample of 332 practicing elementary teachers participated in this study. To determine statistically significant predictors, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the results. The results showed that the significant predictors of practicing elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge were their number of years of teaching, their science instructional methods, their personal science teaching efficacy and their attitudes toward teaching science. Further research of how teachers develop and construct their pedagogical content knowledge is recommended especially through the use of varied research methodologies that include qualitative methods.