• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.603-610
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• 2021

In this paper, we extract the user's power consumption patterns, and model the optimal consumption patterns by applying the user's environment and emotion. Based on the comparative analysis of these two patterns, we present an efficient power consumption method through changes in the user's power consumption behavior. To extract significant consumption patterns, vector standardization and binary data transformation methods are used, and learning about the ensemble's ensemble with k-means clustering is applied, and applying the support factor according to the value of k. The optimal power consumption pattern model is generated by applying forced and emotion-based control based on the learning results for ensemble aggregates with relatively low average consumption. Through experiments, we validate that it can be applied to a variety of windows through the number or size adjustment of clusters to enable forced and emotion-based control according to the user's intentions by identifying the correlation between the number of clusters and the consistency ratios.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-31
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• 1986

This study shows trends and age-sex patterns of mortality in Korea, based on adjusted death registration data during 1956∼1980. Description on the data-the types of errors and their methods of adjustment-are presented elsewhere (Kim, 1986). Crude death rates have declined in 20 years to 7.0 in 1976∼1980, almost half the level of 13.0 in 1956∼1960. Mortality of females declined faster than males, especially at older ages. Substantial differences in provincial mortality are observed based on the expectation of life at birth. The difference between the highest and the lowest provinces is 9.2 years for males and 8.3 years for females during 1976∼1980. This study presents two interesting features of age-sex patterns of mortality in Korea. One feature is higher female mortality than males during childhood periods. However, infant mortality is higher for males than for females throughout the period, though the difference is much smaller than is expected from various model life tables. Another feature is the rapid rise in mortality for males after age 40. This pattern is found to be existed throughout the period 1956∼1980. Further studies are recommended to establish its causal linkage to traditional sex role (as main bread winner) and health behavior (smoking and drinking) of males and recent rapid industrialization in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 1994

Two hundred and sixty-six mothers with preschool and primary school children filled out TV diaries for three days around the TV turning-off campaign day initiated by YMCA. TV diaries were designed to record the TV programs watched by family members as well as the focused child's activities every 15 min. 121 families participated in the campaign voluntarily and 145 families served as the control group. The campaign group watched less than the control group even before the campaign day and differed in several family backgrounds primarily due to the difference of family members' ages in both groups. Despite participating in the campaign, 53.9％ of the families among the campaign group watched TV and 35.5％ of the children in these families watched TV on the campaign day. TV watching time measured by the questionnaire was significantly higher than the estimates by diary method. Participating children in the campaign increased in activities such as reading, indoor play, as well as video watching. In the campaign group, TV watching time on the next day of the campaign increased slightly than the day before it. Preschool and primary school children's activities as well as the watched TV programs were analyzed separately for two groups. In addition, total TV on-time and coviewing patterns by the focused child with the family members were analyzed in relation to the child's other TV watching patterns as well as their related variables.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.429-437
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• 2010

As Web technology and functions have recently changed to a user-focused paradigm, new studies are being conducted to construct dynamic learning content that enables the learner's participation and continuous learning in the field of e-learning research and design. This paper covers a study on the degree of difficulty in learner-focused dynamic learning contents to provide efficient learning environments for its adaptation to e-learning 2.0. This study suggests DLA (Dynamic Level Adjustment) to provide learner-focused contents. The suggested system will be a guideline to control and adopt learning content that can be easily applied to the environmental change, and more in-depth future research can be performed by using the system. A dynamic learning content model was made to recognize various learning patterns of learners as a result of the performance evaluation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess pain, discomfort, depression and coping patterns and the relations between these in chronic arthritis patients. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. 1) Who have been diagnosed as having chronic arthritis and. 2) Who were at the out patients clinic of rheumatoid arthritis departments of one University hospital in seoul between september, 11, 1993 to september, 18, 1993. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, discomfort level of the activities of daily living(ADL) developed by Lee, Eun Ok and The Beck Depression inventory. The research used to measure coping patterns was a tool developed by the present study researcher. Analysis of data was done frequency, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, regression and ANCOVA. The results were summerlized as follows ; 1. Female exceed male patients in number and onset of joint pain were more prevalent in the age groups of the 40s and the 50s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were seven years six mounths. 2. The mean pain score : The mean sensory score was 119mm and the affective score was 109mm. 3. The discomfort level of ADL, the mean score was 2.95 out of a possible score of 5.0 and depression syndrome subjects were 62.2%. 4. The coping responses for each pattern were as follows : 1) "Active coping" mean score was 2.28. 2) "Wishful coping" mean score was 2.89. 3) "Receptive coping" mean score was 3.31. 4) "Negative coping" mean score was 1.82. 5. Significant differences were found in age, religion, marriage status and the coping patterns of patients. 1) In the coping pattern of "receptive coping", the score of the age groups of the 50s were higher than that of 20s, and in the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the age groups of the 20s were higher than other age groups. 2) In the coping pattern of "wishful coping", the score of the christian were higher than other religion groups. 3) In the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the marrieds were lower than other groups. 6. Patients who scored low on factor 2, wishful coping, were much more likely to report having pain sensory than patioets scoring high on this factor. 7. Patients who scored high on factor 4, negative coping, were significantly more likely to report having pain sensory than patients scoring high on this factor. Consider overall, chronic arthritis patients report using a wide varity of strategies, certain strategies such as receptive, wishful and active coping are used frequently, whereas other strategies such as negative coping are rarely used. One of the most important finding of present study is that the reported use of coping strategies is related to adjustment to a chronic pain problem. The present study suggests that negative coping is related to poor emotional adjustment as assessed by depression, but not pain ratings. Considered overall, this pattern of findings suggests that counseling patients to decreased their use of negative coping may be useful. The present study has a number of limitations. First, the sample is restricted to chronic arthritis patients. Weather chronic pain patients suffering from other types of pain syndromes use similar coping strategies needs to be determined in subsequent research. Second, the tool of coping pattern must be studied further to obtain reliability.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

This Study in order to review the history of our children's costumes, this study examined the socio-cultural background of Chosun dynasty and then, reviewed children's costumes comprehensively during that period according to their considerations, kinds, colors and patterns. In addition, this study explored the possibility of making use of the characteristics of children's costumes during Chosun dynasty, since it was perceived that if our children should be dressed in a traditional costume designed with some traditional costume characteristics and ornaments, our tradition would be enlivened in their life and spirit. It is results can be summed up as follows; Our traditional costumes consisted basically of Yu(襦), Go(袴). Sang(裳) and Po(袍) and additionally of Headgear(冠帽), Dae(帶), Hwa(靴) or Yi and Beosun, which must prove that the Korean people is cultural people. Our ancestors were dressed first in Yu(襦), Go(袴). Sang(裳) and Po(袍) to be supported by dae(帶). Our traditional costume style was 'front adjustment' or otherwise, left or right adjustment. Commoners' costumes would change after the series of foreign invasions and again during mid-late Chosun dynasty. During the period of King Sukjong, Jeogori was far shorter and smaller, while China was more diversified and voluminous enough to look like a jar.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2006

Traditional statistical process control (SPC) applied to discrete part industry in the form of control charts can look for and eliminate assignable causes by process monitoring. On the other hand, engineering process control (EPC) applied to the process industry in the form of feedback control can maintain the process output on the target by continual adjustment of input variable. This study presents controlling and monitoring rules adopted by variable sampling interval (VSI) to change sampling intervals in a predetermined fashion on the predicted process levels under integrated EPC and SPC systems. Twelve rules classified by EPC schemes(MMSE, constrained PI, bounded or deadband adjustment policy) and type of sampling interval combined with EWMA chart of SPC are proposed under IMA (1,1) disturbance model and zero-order (responsive) dynamic system. Properties of twelve control rules under three patterns of process change (sudden shift, drift and random shift) are evaluated and discussed through simulation and control rules for integrated VSI EPC and SPC systems are recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.37-58
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• 1986

Since 1960's there have been conducted quite numbers of origin and destination (0-D) surveys in Korea, Most of them, however, were to be said not so successful. In this paper, it was investigated that why the previous 0-D surveys were failed, and that how it could be improved. The findings of this study are: 1. The collection of sample data itself was performed relatively well, but the problem was in the improper expansion methods which were applied. 2. To improve the expansion methods, it should be performed not only the dwelling unit-based sample surveys but also commercial vehicle survey, cordon line survey, screen line counts and other auxiliary travel surveys like transit patronage survey, vehicle miles survey etc. at the same time. 3. To expand the sample surveyed data in a proper way, the adjustment factors should take a disaggregate form and also should be applied not to the specific trips, but to the specific trip makers to avoid the bias which could be caused by the application of adjustment factors in a way that has been used previously. 4. If there is no considerable change in travel patterns, we can synthesize the present 0-D data with past surveyed sample data, using present statistic data in the same way which was developed in this paper when expanding and adjusting sample data.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.117-131
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• 2003

This study were looked for the common patterns of dual-earner couples' parental role conflicts, psychological well-being and the variables that influence their psychological well-being. The data of this study were collected from 265 dual-earner couples, and were analyzed using frequencies, percentage, means, Pearson's correlation, Cronbach's alpha, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test. multiple regression. The major finding are summarized in the following. (1) In general, the wives 'level of parental role conflict was higher than the husbands'. There was no significant differences between husbands and wives in terms of psychological well-being and life, but wives' depression was greater than husbands'. (2) As for the variables that affected parental role conflict, income, the age of the first job satisfaction, work adjustment, parenting satisfaction, parenting participation by the husband, the level of child care expenses, and cognitive assessment of mother employment were found to be significant. (3) For both husbands and wives, psychological well-being was positively related to income, education level, job satisfaction, level of job importance, work adjustment, parenting satisfaction, parenting participation by the husband, cognitive assessment of mother employment. (4) Couples' psychological well-being was influenced by job satisfaction and parental role conflict.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.409-417
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• 2016

It is well known that Morpho butterflies show distinctive, brilliant and iridescent colors and have micro-nano scale structures, instead of dyes and pigments, on their wings. This structural coloration is regarded as a novel technique to express color with a long lifetime, ease and precise tenability. Here, we studied optical multilayer thin films with thickness of several tens of nm ($TiO_2$ and $SiO_2$) and lens-shape micro-patterns. Fabrication and characterization of the multilayer stacking structure and the micro-pattern structure were performed and the films were analyzed via several optical measuring techniques. Finally, we discussed how the micro-pattern structure could enhance independence with color changes according to the viewing angle.