• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.465-470
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• 2018

This study investigated how layouts can be arranged to improve the user experience in response to changes in the size of responsive webs in a multi - device environment. The layout elements of the responsive web are largely divided into a header, a main concept image, a main content, a sub-content, and a footer. As the screen becomes smaller, the use of drawers and the menu of the scrolling menus rather than the vertical menus will help improve the user experience. The main concept image should be consistent and not lose readability through the use of system fonts. The main content and the sub content should be prevented from being long in the vertical scroll, and the card UI, the table list and the grid list could be alternatively presented for this purpose. Another problem with vertical scrolling is that the placement of user-selectable menus, such as more or new content corrections, is helpful in improving the user experience.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.320-331
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• 2019

Background: Dioecious plant species having both male and female plants have been investigated regarding sex-related characteristics such as sex ratio, sex-differential resource requirements, and spatial segregation of the sexes. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to the survival of plant populations, but dioecious species are particularly more prone to such habitat degradation than non-dioecious species because of their dimorphic sexual system. We examined the sex-related demographics of two Ilex cornuta populations being different regarding land use history. Methods: During 2016-2017, we examined I. cornuta trees with a basal diameter ${\geq}1.5cm$ in the Yongsu-ri population (YS population) and the Gotjawal Provincial Park population (GP population). Plant sex (male, female, or unsexed) was identified. The tree size (basal diameter and height of the main stem), clonal production (the ramet numbers per genet), and vitality for each clone were measured. The associations between population, sex, tree size, clonal production, and vitality were examined using ANOVAs and contingency table analyses. Finally, point pattern analyses using O-ring statistics were conducted to assess spatial patterns. Results: Upon excluding unsexed trees, the YS population with 74 trees was significantly male-biased (0.66), while the GP population with only 26 trees had a 1:1 sex ratio. In both populations, males and females did not differ in tree size. Although the mean number of ramets differed significantly between populations, females tended to produce more ramets than males. The proportion of weak trees was significantly higher in the YS than in the GP population. Neither population showed evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes. Conclusions: The two populations of dioecious I. cornuta are characterized by the small number of trees and relatively high frequencies of non-reproductive trees. Both indicate that these populations are quite susceptible to environmental and genetic stochasticity. On the other hand, the differences between populations in sex ratio, clonal production, and vitality suggest that conservation efforts for I. cornuta need to be population-specific. In order to help recover and enable this vulnerable species to persist, it is necessary to find ways to enhance their sexual reproduction and simultaneously reduce habitat disturbances due to anthropogenic activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.73-100
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• 2022

In this study, Samryesugwon is compared with King Jeongjo's anthology because it is not clear why King Jeongjo made Samryesugwon from the Three Classics of Li in a same category but in two different text. As results of this study, it is hard to find information of title because there is no table of contents on the Samryesugwon. Also, King Jeongjo considered and respected the Yili and Zhouli as the original Classics of Li, but not the Liji. Last, it turns out that there is the passive fixed pattern in the way of abridgment instead of the unique characteristic of Jeongjo's abridgment which was compiled before. This research has an academic significance because it figure out the reason why King Jeongjo compiled the Samryesugwon and what his perspective on the Three Classics of Li by textual analyzing as abridgment book.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.77-88
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• 2006

A series of model tests were performed to investigate the ground deformation during trench excavation for diaphragm walls. An apparatus was manufactured to observe the failure pattern of a slurry-supported trench in sandy ground. Ground deformations including settlement and lateral displacement of the surrounding ground adjacent to the trench were carefully monitored during excavation. Experimental observations indicated that the settlement of the adjacent ground increased with closing to the trench. Especially, the considerable settlement occurred at the distance which was equal to 40% of the excavation depth. And, the higher settlement was obtained when the relative density of ground was looser and the ground water table was higher. Also, the lateral wall face of excavated trench was bulged with lowering the slurry level In stages and then the upper part of trench failed finally. The envelope of ground surface settlement could be represented as a hyperbolic line and the measured settlement was smaller than those predicted by Clough and O'Rourke (1990).

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2016

This study evaluates industrial competitiveness of 34 industries in the 41 countries in terms of several trade indices such as value-added RCA(VRCA) and value added intra-industry trade(VIIT). Conclusions are as follows: First, China is still showing week evidence to replace or overtake Korea in terms of VRCA. Second, it is not supportive of the assertion that the gap between Japan and South Korea had widened in the 1995-2011 period. Third, Korea's exports pattern in the manufacturing sector has shifted from the one featured by developing countries(re-exportation of final goods produced using imported intermediate inputs) to that of the developed (exportation of intermediate goods). According to dynamic panel analysis regressing the RCA gap on the IIT gap, intermediate-goods RCA and the market share gap, the estimated coefficient of the gap between value-added IIT and gross IIT is 0.253 and statistically significant at the 2% level. This implies that increases in IIT or intermediate-goods trade to sustain the global competitiveness are the main reasons for the gap between value-added RCA and gross RCA.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 2010

Traffic safety assessment is often accomplished by analyzing the number of crashes occurring in some geographic space over certain specific time duration. In this paper, we introduce a procedure that can efficiently analyze spatial and temporal changes in traffic crashes before-and-after implementation of a certain traffic controlling measure. For the analysis, crash frequency data before-and-after closing a major highway around St. Louis in Missouri was collected through Transportation Management System(TMS) database that is maintained by Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT). In order to identify any spatial and temporal pattern in crashes, each crash is pinpointed on a map using the dynamic segmentation in GIS. Then, the identified pattern is statistically confirmed using an analysis of variance table. The advantage of this approach is to easily assess spatial and temporal trend of crashes that are not readily attainable otherwise. The results from this study can possibly be applied in enhancing the highway safety assessment procedure. This paper also makes several suggestions for future development of a comprehensive transportation data system in Korea which is similar to MoDOT's TMS database.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.103-153
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• 2010

"Sanghanjeonsaengjip(傷寒全生集)" is a classic medical work, written by the outstanding physician Dohwa(陶華) in the Ming Dynasty. The characteristic of "SangHanJeonSaengJip" is that this book succeeded to the spirit of pattern identification and treatment of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, newly changed a table of contents by symptoms, and together with this indicated the prescriptions in accordance with diswase-pattern at "YujeunghwalInseo(類證活人書)", "Hwajegookbang(和劑局方)" etc. Also because this kept the existing ephedra decoction, cinnamom twig decoction, minor decoction of bupleurum, decoction for reinforcing middle-energizer and replenishing qi etc.'s name on and unlikely indicated the medicine composition, it caused confusion, but at the later ages "Euhakipmun(醫學入門)" the so-called 'Doci(陶氏)' was added to the prescription name, so we are able to distinguish. Together with this, this book dose not indicate the dosage of medicine and indicates the first, the second, and the third classes[上中下] below medicine. As this dose not mean the three grades of quality"good, fair, and poor[上中下] of "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica" but expresses the sovereign medicinal as the first class[上], minister medicinal as the second class[中] and assistant and courier medicinal as the third class[下], doctors can voluntarily decide the dosage of medicine in accordance with the degree of disease. At this thesis, I single out ten chapters in contents of 2nd volume named Hyeong(亨) corresponding to the details, among "Sanghanjeonsaengjip(傷寒全生集)". I discussed superficial fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 1, aversion to cold types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 2, syndrome caused un-sufficient sweating in chapter 3, organic fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 4, aversion to wind types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 5, Tidal fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 6, Alternative attacts of chills and fever in chapter 7, Dysphoria with smothery sensation in chapter 8, Fidgetiness of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 9, and Headache of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 10, and together with this I discussed, in detail, which influence the prescriptions which are listed on each chapter have caused on future generations In accordance with this, I think that the above-mentioned symptoms and prescriptions are important when I research cold damage and warm disease study. So I orderly research revision, annotation, rendering and an investigation.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 1995

In this paper, the methods to measure the mean age at first marriage is examined, and by analysing data of Korean women for the period 1970-1990, the differences that each methods make on measurements of the mean age at first marriage are presented. The main findings were : The Hajnal's SMAM, the most used index in studies of the pattern of marriage in Korea, was not a measure based on the marriages for a specific period. The resulting biases, in cases of 1970-1990 Korean women, were below 0.3 year in age, which can be considered small, if the changes in the pattern of marriage in these periods took into account. But the possibility of bringing larger bias cannot be excluded. Also the direction of biases was toward raising the mean age when marriage was in upward tendency. Considering the availability of data in Korea, the utilization of the simple mean or the measure from Agarwala method according to the purpose is recommendable. The mean age at first marriage by Agarwala(ASMAM) meets with the one computed from a gross nuptiality table based on the cohort's marriage rates for a specific period. The time series of the proportion single by age groups obtained from the population censuses showed high consistency. However when they were compaired with those computed from sample surveys at a same point of time, significant differences(at $\alpha$=0.05) were found in some major age groups. It was also pointed out that these differences were not caused by the problems related with the sampling frame for surveys or the survey questions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.284-294
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• 1984

Effects of orifice diameter, operating angle and swirl chamber distance were examined to study a reasonable distribution pattern on the maximum available travel distance in the triple nozzle system. The results of the study were as follows; 1. Discharge rate was increased with increase of orifice diameter, and a quadratic line for the 1st nozzle and linear lines for the 2nd or the 3rd nozzle. 2. The operating angle of $15^{\circ}$ had showed the maximum available travel distance, and 17m in orifice diameter of 3.0mm and operating pressure of $24.5{\times}10^5pa$ ($25Kg/cm^2$). 3. Nozzle setting methods (reference Table 6.) for improvement of uniformity of deposit distribution were varied depending on the size of orifice diameter of the 1st nozzle, nevertheless coefficients of uniformity were improved about 6 percents. 4. Adjustment of the swirl chamber distance of the 2nd nozzle could improve the minimum area of about 6m from the triple nozzle.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.653-664
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• 2010

Generally existing video codec employs entropy coding to deal with residual signals with considering temporal and spatial properties. Scalable Video Coding(SVC) which is extension of H.264/AVC has three technical concepts for removing redundancies between inter-layers. In spite of using novel prediction method between inter-layers in SVC, it is still using same entropy coding method to residual signals. According to the studies, the residual obtained by inter-layer prediction technique has different features of residual signal acquired by spatial or temporal prediction technique. In this paper, we propose an efficient entropy coding method which codes the residual signal obtained by inter-layer prediction with regarding its features adequately. We re-designed the Coded Block Pattern(CBP) table suitably for inter-layer texture prediction. The experiments show that the proposed method can further reduce the BD-Bitrate up to average 2.20% in 4CIF and 1.14% in CIF resolution compared to the existing JSVM 9.18.