• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.157-172
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• 2016

This study aims to present findings of historical design trends of men's fashion, and the characteristics of changes in the types of overcoats and mid jackets shown in French pattern books of the 19th century. The primary data sources for this study comprised one pattern book, each of the17th and 18th century, and 15 pattern books of the 19th century, all of which are conserved by the French National Library. The study methods are as follows: First, analysis of men's fashion trends and the characteristics of changes by type as shown in French pattern books of the 17th to 19th centuries. Second, analysis of the evolution of type of men's overcoats and top-exterior- and-interior (outside) styles shown in French pattern books of the 19th century. As a result, a total of 69 type references were collected from French pattern books of the 17th to 19th centuries. Historically, men's fashion was largely classified into top-exterior, top-exterior-and-interior, top-interior, bottoms and accessories. The two major classifications were as follows: top-exteriors overcoats and robes, And top-exterior-and-interior as top-exterior-and-interior(outside) and top-exterior-and-interior (inside). The study also identified the forms and changes by type. Additionally, this study selected overcoats and top-exterior-and-interior(outside) which fall under typical categories to show the change in the forms of men's fashion of the 19th century. These changes in the types were designated as: continued, faded away, newly appeared and transformed. This study analyzed the time of appearance of the forms by the year of publishing in conjunction with cultural references from previous domestic and international studies. The results showed that the time of changes in the types shown in pattern books did not deviate from the mainstream, which verified their typicality.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2002

Purpose : To investigate the diagnostic significance of cortical changes in the bone of diseased jaws utilizing computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Computed tomographic images of 91 patients, consisting of 7 osteomyelitis, 46 cysts, 18 benign tumors, and 20 malignant tumors, were analyzed. The pattern of cortical expansion was classified into three types: no expansion (N), buccal or lingual expansion (B/L), and buccolingual expansion (B & L). The pattern of cortical destruction was classified into four types: no destruction (N), point destruction (PO), gross destruction (GR), and permeative destruction (PE). The pattern of periosteal reaction was classified into four types: parallel, irregular, spicule, and Codmans triangle. The relationship between the pattern of cortical bone changes and diseases of the jaws was assessed. Results: When the pattern of cortical expansion was compared to diseases of the jaw, N-type was most prevalent in cases of osteomyelitis and malignant tumors, B/L-type with cysts, and B&L-types with benign tumors. Comparison between the pattern of cortical bone destruction with diseases of the jaw showed strong correlations between PO and PE-types to osteomyelitis, N-type with cysts, N and GR-types with benign tumors, and GR-type with malignant tumors. Finally, the relationship between the pattern of periosteal reaction to diseases of the jaw showed a strong correlation between parallel-type to osteomyelitis and spicule-type to malignant tumors. Conclusion : The pattern of cortical expansion and cortical destruction is useful in differentiating diseases of the jaws.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.166-178
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate dimensional changes in regional pharyngeal airway spaces after premolar extraction in bimaxillary skeletal protrusion (BSP) patients according to vertical skeletal pattern, and to further identify dentoskeletal risk factors to predict posttreatment pharyngeal changes. Methods: Fifty-five adults showing BSP treated with microimplant anchorage after four premolar extractions were included in this retrospective study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the mandibular plane steepness: hyperdivergent (Frankfort horizontal plane to mandibular plane [FH-MP] ≥ 30) and nonhyperdivergent groups (FH-MP < 30). The control group consisted of 20 untreated adults with skeletal Class I normodivergent pattern and favorable profile. Treatment changes in cephalometric variables were evaluated and compared. The association between posttreatment changes in the dentoskeletal and upper airway variables were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Results: The BSP patients showed no significant decrease in the pharyngeal dimensions to the lower level in comparison with controls, except for middle airway space (MAS, p < 0.01). The upper airway variable representing greater decrease in the hyperdivergent group than in the nonhyperdivergent group was the MAS (p < 0.01). Posttreatment changes in FH-MP had negative correlation with changes in MAS (β = -0.42, p < 0.01) and inferior airway space (β = -0.52, p < 0.01) as a result of multivariable regression analysis adjusted for sagittal skeletal relationship. Conclusions: Decreased pharyngeal dimensions after treatment in BSP patients showed no significant difference from the normal range of pharyngeal dimensions. However, the glossopharyngeal airway space may be susceptible to treatment when vertical dimension increased in hyperdivergent BSP patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns on electromyography (EMG) activity in the rectus abdominis, internal abdominal oblique, external abdominal oblique, and erector spinae according to position changes. Methods: Ten healthy adults volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were required to complete exercises that followed two PNF extremity patterns, namely, an upper extremity extension-adduction-internal rotation pattern and a lower extremity flexion-adduction-external rotation pattern. The exercises were applied in the supine, side-lying, and sitting positions. Repeated measure one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni correction were used to determine the influence of the patterns on muscle activity for each muscle, and descriptive statistics were then used to determine the local/global muscle ratios. Results: The upper extremity pattern had a significant effect on the rectus abdominis and erector spinae in the supine position, and on the internal oblique and external oblique in the sitting position (p<0.05). The median value for the internal oblique/rectus abdominis showed a high ratio of 2.05, and a high ratio of 1.01 was shown for the internal oblique/external oblique in the sitting position. The lower extremity pattern had a significant effect on the rectus abdominis in the side-lying position and on the internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae in the sitting position (p<0.05). The median value for the internal oblique/rectus abdominis showed a high ratio of 2.83 in the sitting position and a high ratio of 1.30 for the internal oblique/external oblique in the side-lying position. Conclusion: The PNF pattern increases local muscle activation in an unstable position. Therefore, when the pattern is used for intervention purposes, trunk stability and varied position changes should be taken into account.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in walking pattern of the elderly during inclined walkway with uneven surfaces and level walking. 10 young($26.3{\pm}1.3$ years, $174.3{\pm}5.3\;cm$, $69.5{\pm}9.5\;kg$) and 13 elderly($72.4{\pm}5.2$ years, $164.5{\pm}5.4\;cm$, $66.1{\pm}9.6\;kg$) male subjects were participated in the experiment. Experiment consisted of 2 walking conditions: horizontal and inclined walkway with uneven surfaces. 3D motion capturing system were used to acquire and analyze walking motion data with sampling frequency of 120 Hz. To compare differences between conditions, kinematic variables(walking speed, stance-swing ratio, hip joint angle, knee joint angle, ankle joint angle, pelvic rotation angle) were used. Results showed that there were some changes of elderly walking pattern in inclined walkway with uneven surfaces: hip joint(adduction and rotation) and pelvic movement pattern. These changes by inclination and surface may affect gait pattern of young subjects as well as elderly subjects. However, in case of elderly it revealed more unstable gait than the young. Further study is necessary to clarify changes in walking pattern for elderly by considering various gait variables including head movement and various walkway conditions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.111-125
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• 1998

What human beings wear is closely related to how they conceptualize their bodies and how they classify the group they belong to and the way they wear their cloth s an important cultural element that shows wearers' awareness and social relationship. Especially, underclothes reflect unrevealed cultural inside of the society more abundantly than outer wear do. Through such characteristics of underclothes, we are able to better understand inherent order of culture. This study si to understand the characteristics and changes of Korean culture by reviewing the convention of underclothes wearing that takes important role in clothing without being explicitly revealed. For this study, in addition to biblical review of under clothes of traditional societies, a total of 301 college students aging from 19 to 28, who are the most open to accepting new cultures and changes, residing in Seoul area were participant. Questionnaire consists of open-ended questions of underclothes terms, kinds, why they wear, items of wearing, how they obtained, how they take care of, etc. In conclusion, changes in cultural meaning of underclothes analyzed through convention of underclothes wearing are as follows; 1) changes in wearing pattern implies changes in functions of underclothes and changes in members' roles and values in a society; 2) changes in recognition of underclothes are related to the changes in awareness of sex; 3) consumer behaviour of underclothes represents a part of information culture; 4) changes in the pattern of maintaining underclothes show that differentiation of sex role in household tasks is decreased.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.99-106
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of UV-B irradiation on the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. The changes of vitamin $D_2$ contents, color value and flavor pattern in mushrooms were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chromameter and gas chromatography - surface acoustic wave (GC-SAW) electronic nose. By exposure to UV-B irradiation (0 kj/m$^2$, 10 kj/m$^2$, 20 kj/m$^2$), vitamin $D_2$ content increased from 0 (control) to 48.50 g/g (DM: dry matter, 10 kj/m$^2$) and 61.58 g/g (DM, 20 kj/m$^2$). Although there was no significant difference in L, a, b values among the three groups, flavor changes were detected by GC-SAW electronic nose. The number of peaks increased from 10 in the control group (0 kj/m$^2$), to 14 and 15 for the 10 kj/m$^2$ and 20 kj/m$^2$ groups, respectively. Nevertheless, the changes of flavor pattern were not detrimental to the mushroom quality. These results suggested that UV-B irradiation is an effective method to increase the vitamin $D_2$ content without degrading the quality.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.3 s.72
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• pp.109-130
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• 2006

Rapid economic development has led seafood consumption to its quality - oriented pattern as well as consumer's in China. This study concerns about The First, China is Seafood development background. The Second, China become emboldened seafood causes. The third, seafood consumption has characteristic. The fourth, seafood consumption has the organization of society. The study shows that there are economic developmental periods Chinas has three time. The First time$(1961\sim1983)$ is rapid growth. The Second time$(1984\sim1998)$ is growth accumulate. The third time$(1999\sim)$ is changing on seafood consumption as the consumption of seafood is changed according to economic variables changes in income, price, tastes and population. This changing pattern of seafood consumption is based on economic variables appears toward luxury and convenience seafoods. Consumption of food is also affected by non - economic variables. The most typical non - economic variables leading to changes of seafood consumption is local, seafood culture, $et{\ldots}$ Recently seafood consumption pattern shows that consumers paying more money to get their seafood preference for pursuing its hight growth and varienty.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

A finite volume method (FVM) base on the SIMPLE algorithm as the pressure correction strategy and the traditional staggered mesh is used to investigate steady, fully developed flow of Oldroyd-3-constant fluids through a duct with square cross-section. Both effects of the two viscoelastic material parameters, We and ${\mu}$, on pattern and strength of the secondary flow are investigated. An amusing sixteen vortices pattern of the secondary flow, which has never been reported, is shown in the present work. The reason for the changes of the pattern and strength of the secondary flow is discussed carefully. We found that it is variation of second normal stress difference that causes the changes of the pattern and strength of the secondary flow.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2013

This paper presents a new approach to managing dynamic business process changes based on business process change patterns. We identify and categorize business process change patterns that occur recurrently in a dynamic business environment. Several issues regarding management of process versions are discussed, and a pattern-based version management method for handling process changes more flexibly is explained in detail. We propose a mechanism for abstract process execution with runtime encapsulation of a business process, which can maximize the flexibility of process execution using multiple process versions. In addition, we propose a concept of process promotion and demotion that can dynamically choose an actual version of the process at run-time. With our pattern-based process change management and versioning approach, it is expected that the flexibility and efficiency of BPM systems can be enhanced significantly.