• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.556-572
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was 1. To investigate correlation of subjective stress with patient's prognosis 2. To observe the effect of Kami-shoyo-san on anxiety and depressive disorder. Methods: We investigated 3 cases of in-patients from traffic accidents. Patients were treated with Kami-shoyo-san. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively. We also used Qi stagnation test and Qi counterflow test according to Terasawa's criteria for diagnosis of anxiety and depression. Pain was evaluated by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: After treatment, the patient's symptoms improved considerably. Conclusions: 1. There were significant correlations between subjective stress and prognosis. 2. Kami-shoyo-san has good effect on anxiety and depressive disorder.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.392-394
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• 2016

A 2-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented to Kangwon National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with pruritus and erythema on the tips of both ears, around the eyes, and in the caudal abdomen. This patient had previously been prescribed prednisolone, but did not respond positively to the treatment. A skin screening test revealed that there were no fleas or fungi, and that only cocci were present. Blood testing revealed no remarkable findings. The patient was prescribed antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 25 mg/kg for 2 weeks) with no prednisolone. After 2 weeks, clinical signs were alleviated and the skin screening test showed no signs of cocci. However, clinical signs recurred even with the prescription of antibiotics. Four weeks after the steroid-free interval, Malassezia spp. hypersensitivity was detected upon a serum allergy test, and pathological analysis confirmed eosinophilic and mastocytic superficial dermatitis in the caudal abdomen. Based on these results, we suspected allergic dermatitis and prescribed 7 mg/kg cyclosporine A once a day. After 3 weeks, clinical signs were resolved. Seven weeks after the first trial with cyclosporine A, we reduced the cyclosporine A dose to 7 mg/kg every other day. The patient's symptoms have since been well controlled for 6 months. This study suggests that cyclosporine A can be a good choice for treating cats with suspected allergic dermatitis that has not responded positively to steroid treatment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2009

Objectives : An appropriate sampling strategy for estimating an epidemiologic volume of diabetes has been evaluated through a simulation. Methods : We analyzed about 250 million medical insurance claims data submitted to the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service with diabetes as principal or subsequent diagnoses, more than or equal to once per year, in 2003. The database was re-constructed to a 'patient-hospital profile' that had 3,676,164 cases, and then to a 'patient profile' that consisted of 2,412,082 observations. The patient profile data was then used to test the validity of a proposed sampling frame and methods of sampling to develop diabetic-related epidemiologic indices. Results : Simulation study showed that a use of a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with a total sample size of 4,000 will provide an estimate of 57.04%(95% prediction range, 49.83 - 64.24%) for a treatment prescription rate of diabetes. The proposed sampling design consists, at first, stratifying the area of the nation into "metropolitan/city/county" and the types of hospital into "tertiary/secondary/primary/clinic" with a proportion of 5:10:10:75. Hospitals were then randomly selected within the strata as a primary sampling unit, followed by a random selection of patients within the hospitals as a secondly sampling unit. The difference between the estimate and the parameter value was projected to be less than 0.3%. Conclusions : The sampling scheme proposed will be applied to a subsequent nationwide field survey not only for estimating the epidemiologic volume of diabetes but also for assessing the present status of nationwide diabetes control.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.272-281
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• 2014

Objective: The provision of pharmaceutical care service in compliance with good pharmacy practice (GPP) standards is important, but there is lack of studies to investigate the barriers that significantly hinder community pharmacies in Korea from adhering to the standards. This study was aimed to identify the major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service in compliance with the proposed pharmacy practice standards which have been developed based on the GPP standards recommended jointly by WHO and FIP. Methods: Questionnaires reviewed by the expert committee were posted for 32 days on the website which is most frequently accessed by community pharmacists. The respondents completed them by checking the scores (Max=5, Min=1) for major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service focusing on patient information management and drug use review process in prescription fillings. The answered scores were automatically collected using online data processing. Mean differences between scored data were assessed by ANOVA. Results: Total 321 pharmacists participated in the survey. Results indicated that 'difficulty of diagnosis identification' (m=3.92, SD=1.21), 'lack of time' (m=3.48, SD=1.22) and 'lack of updated clinical information' (m=3.17, SD=1.10) were the major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service in patient information management. The main barriers to drug utilization review were 'lack of time' (m=3.32, SD=1.21), 'lack of updated clinical information' (m=3.11, SD=1.17), and 'negative feedbacks or refusals from prescribers' (m=3.00, SD=1.38). There were significant differences among the groups by location, employed number of pharmacists and acceptability to the proposed GPP standards. Conclusion: Difficulties in managing patient clinical information and lack of time were found to be the major barriers in providing pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies in Korea. Further research is recommended to determine ways to reduce these barriers in order to provide quality pharmaceutical care service that is in compliance with the internationally recognized GPP guidelines.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1663-1669
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• 2007

Acute transverse myelitis(ATM) is defined as an acute intramedullary dysfunction of the spinal cord, ascendng or static involving both halves of the cord and appearing without any history of previous neurological diseases due to traumatic accident, tumor of all kind, encephalitis and of course excluding all possible viral, bacterial and fungal infection. It is mainly characterized by acute motor disorder of both limbs in respect to which spinal segments are affected as well as sensory disorder and dysuria & dyschezia. The exact cause is unknown, however it is recently suggested that immunological factors are highly involved. It has been reported by several reliable sources that it is often accompanied by immunological diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). As treatments non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) are primarily recommended as to steroids, limited doses are injected only with the proper prescription from the physician. Operative methods are not options as traumatic accidents and tumors are excluded as factors. To enhance muscle strength and prevent articular contracture physical therapy and passive exercise is imperative. The following patient whose chief complaints were mainly about hypoesthesia of Rt. lower limb and stiffness of phalanges of both fingers as well as to weakness of lower extermity. Therefore it has been diagnosed as arthalgia syndrome. In oriental medicine factors such as wind evil heat-evil, dampness-heat evil, cold evil cause the arthalgia syndrome. In this case the patient was diagnosed as dampness-heat evil and herbal medicine Chunglijagam-Tang and Dong-Qi acupuncture was applied to treat bladder disorder.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-89
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• 2012

Just in case a patient's state couldn't get better or get even worse after medical practices, it is difficult for the patient's side to accept the result and it tends to think that its damage is caused by his doctor's malpractice. Medical practices of a doctor require highly advanced attention duty as a medical expert, because they are targeted at a human body of the best benefit and protection of the law. However, it is hard to prove the malpractice on the patient's side in medical dispute. Therefore, to solve a medical dispute quickly and fairly before the medical suit Korea Consumer Agency (KCA) has done a medical dispute adjustment business since 1999. For the past 5 years (2006~2010), the medical team of KCA had managed 4,171 cases as an injury relief, but it had dealt with them focusing on an injury relief business only after the occurrence of a medical accident. Afterwards, it is necessary to expand the range of its services in purpose of preventing the injury of consumers. If we can solve the problems -the clear statements about the cease of extinctive prescription in the fundamentals of comsumer act, the presence of parties directly concerned at comsumer dispute adjustment committee, and the effect of an agreement, etc. -, which have been founded in medical injury relief service of KCA and the management and procedures of the comsumer dispute adjustment committee of KCA and if we can also give KCA more workers and the proper budget of the government, we can expect KCA to become a more useful agency.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Hwangryeonagyo-tang and Mahwangbujasesin-tang(《Shanghanlun》 prescription) on whole-body nummular eczema. Methods : We treated a female patient in her early twenties who has whole-body nummular eczema with Korean medicine. She was treated from 2020.10.8 to 2020.12.11. In this period, she received admission treatments twice because of the recurrence of the symptoms after the first admission. During the treatment, the two herbal medicines were changed depending on the patient's condition. 'Hwangryeonagyo-tang' and 'Mahwangbujasesin-tang' were used as herbal medicine. In addition, herbal external preparations and acupuncture treatment were also performed. The evaluation was conducted by photo comparison, VAS, and DLQI. Blood tests were also conducted for safety assessments. Results : After two months of treatment, the patient's condition improved. The itching and heat sensation decreased, and scabs were placed on the lesion of the eczema, reducing the oozing. VAS of itching decreased from 8 to 0. DLQI was also improved, and the stability of the herbal medicines for liver and kidney was also confirmed through blood tests. Conclusions : Hwangryeonagyo-tang and Mahwangbujasesin-tang helped relieve the itching and heat of eczema in currency. Therefore, it is believed that the proper use of thoes herbal medicine can be expected to have a useful effect on nummular eczema.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.32
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

Purpose: To find out the advantages of thermoplastic bolus compared to conventional bolus, which is mainly used in clinical practice, We evaluated Two cases in terms of dose and location reproducibility to assess Usability of thermoplastic Bolus for skin VMAT radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Two patient's treated with left breast skin lesion were simulated using thermoplastic Bolus and planned with 2arc VMAT. the prescription dose was irradiated to 95% or more of the target volume. We evaluated The reproducibility of the bolus position by measuring the length of the air gap in the CBCT (Cone Beam CT) image. to evaluate dose reproducibility, we compared The dose distribution in the plan and CBCT and measured in vivo for patient 2. Results: The difference between the air gap in patient 1's simulation CT and the mean air gap (M1) during 10 treatments in the CBCT image was -0.42±1.24mm. In patient 2, the difference between the average air gap between the skin and the bolus (M2) during 14 treatments was -1.08±1.3mm, and the air gap between the bolus (M3) was 0.49±1.16. The difference in the dose distribution between Plan CT and CBCT was -1.38% for PTV1 D95 and 0.39% for SKIN (max) in patient 1. In patient 2, PTV1 D95 showed a difference of 0.63% and SKIN (max) -0.53%. The in vivo measurement showed a difference of -1.47% from the planned dose. Conclusion: thermoplastic Bolus is simpler and takes less time to manufacture compared to those produced by 3D printer. Also compared to conventional bolus, it has high reproducibility in the set-up side and stable results in terms of dose delivery.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2007

${\ll}$Gup Yu Bang${\gg}$ is the first korean book that specialized in pediatrics. It was written by Jo Jeong-jun in 1869 and contains 87 medical records. Medical records is one of the best way to develop one’s abilities of curing a disease without clinical practice and understanding medical condition of the time. These days we are fully aware of the importance of medical records, but there is no sufficient paper or study on medical records. On this study, we investigate 87 medical record of ${\ll}$Gup Yu Bang${\gg}$ by statistical methods. It was analyzed on the base of items such as age, sex, disease, method of medical treatment, treating prescription, modified medicinal substance, progress of disease. ${\ll}$Gup Yu Bang${\gg}$ contain 87 medical records and among of them, 84 records were Jo Jeong-jun own writings of clinical case. Systemic division of disease showed the highest in digestive disease and most frequent case was symptom of vomiting and diarrhea. The distribution of age was showed the highest in the age group under 5 years and the number of male case was more than female case. It showed that he considered observation of the patient's expression in diagnosis methods and have used 87 kinds of treating prescription and the external treatment, acupuncture, moxa. It showed that he quoted a lot of treating prescription from ${\ll}$Dong eui bo gam${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Yi-Hak-Yip-Mun${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Xiao Er Yao Zheang Zhi Jue${\gg}$. The further study on medical records in traditional medical literatures, would reveal the developmental progress of Korean pediatrics and inform more actual proof on medical condition of the time.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.398-411
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• 2001

The separation system of pharmacy and clinic has begun on the purpose of preventing drug misuse and abuse since July 1st of 2000. The system revealed some conflicts between doctors. pharmacists and consumers. Consequently pharmaceutical law and related policies undergone some change. Now in an early period of the implementation of the system, the necessity to examine relevance of those policies and law enforcement to medical doctors' prescriptions pattern evolves. This study tries to verify the pattern through a field study. For the purpose, 930 prescriptions collected in May of 2001, from a pharmacy located in Gangnam-gu in Seoul, were analysed. The prescriptions were issued from several clinics: 459 prescriptions from otorhinolaryngological clinic(ENT), 177 from internal medicine clinic(IM), 130 from ophthalmic clinic(Opt), 52 from obstetric and gynecologic clinic(OB & GY), and 112 from miscellaneous clinics. ENT, IM, Opt. OB & GY are situated in a clinic building of 40m distance. The general findings are following: 1) $88.8\%$ of the total patients came from 5clinics in nearby single clinic building. 2) Average prescribing days were 6.2 days and the average number of used drugs were 4.0 drugs, i.e. 2-4 times of WHO criteria 1-2 drugs. 3) Use of antibiotics in the oral administration drugs rated $71.8\%(WHO: \;22.7\%)$ 4) Use of injection rated $31.3\%(WHO:\;17.2\%)$ 5) $96.2\%$ of the patients use multiple antibiotics in the injection and oral administration together. 6) The patients had multiple disease : ENT patients 1.7 disease and 1M patients has 2.7 disease in average and several regular prescribing types evolved particularly in the ENT prescription. With this result we found that drugs. especially antibiotics are still abused a lot, and there were significant differences in the number of used drugs and prescrbing days between the clinics. It implies somes differences of the preparation work and time for pharmacists. And preparation can be done in advance by pharmacists' own efforts through noticing regular prescribing types. The study suggests the followings: 1) Patient counseling should be done to minimize the incidence of adverse events. 2) The enforcement of the standardized differential preparation price system should be reconsidered. 3) Preparation of typical regularly appeared prescription in advance. which is regarded as 'a prearranged work between doctors and pharmacists' and has been prohibited should be reconsidered. 4) Drug utilization review program should be established to prevent drugs abuse. especially antibiotics abuse.