• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to fine out the relationships among body image, self-esteem and health promotion behavior in mastectomy patients. Method: Data were obtained by self -reported questionnaires from 218 patients undergone mastectomy from September 1 to October 15, 2005. And data were analyzed using SPSS/PC WIN 12.0 program. For the statistical analysis of the date, frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used. Result: The mean scores of the body image, self-esteem, and health promotion of the subjects were $41{\pm}7.40$ (range of scale : 17 to 68), $22.22{\pm}4.95$ range of scale : 10 to 40), and $130.45{\pm}23.99$ range of scale : 50 to 200), respectively. There were significant differences with the score of body image by the work type (F=4.018, p= .008), a number of child (F=3.069, p= .029), and participation with self help group program (t=68.177, p= .001). There were significant differences with the score of self-esteem by the type of religion (F=4.546, p= .002), work type (F=4.488, p= .004), post operation period (F=2.814, p= .026), and participation with self help group program (t=12.901, p= .001). There were significant differences with the score of the health promotion behavior by the type of religion (F=3.066, p= .018), economic state (F=11.765, p= .001), level of education (F=6.285, p= .001), operation site (F=.368, p=.027), family history (t=6.557, p= .011), and hope of breast reconstruction (t=7.025, p=.009). Relationship between body image and self-esteem showed moderate positive correlation (r=0.631, p= .001). The relationship between body image and health promotion behavior showed slightly positive correlation (r=0.257, p= .001). The relationship between self-esteem and health promotion behavior showed moderate positive correlation (r=0.431, p=.001). Conclusion: For the increasement of the health promotion behavior, it is needed to improve body image and self-esteem in mastectomy patients. And, It is needed to encourage to participate with self help group program in mastectomy patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-224
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• 1999

Background: In recent years, pediatric chronic sinusitis patients who don't respond with antibiotics are increasing, but there are a few reports on the herbal medicine therapy treating pediatric chronic sinusitis, so this report was studied. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of herbal medicine therapy in the chronic sinusitis before and after treatment using computed tomograpy (CT) and plain radiograpy. Materials and methods: Ninty patients (45 mail and 45 femail) treated in our hospital between February 1998 and August 1999 were studied. Ages ranged from 3 to 13 years (mean age :6.5 years). Sixty two patients had a underlyiing family history (allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers), In the past history, 68 patients had asthma, allergy of milk, atopic dermatitis, bronchiollitis and irritable bowel syndrom. Illness period was from 10 days to 96 months (mean period:12.4 month). Duration of treatment were from 25 days to 200days (mean:96 days). To ascertain the efficacy of treatment, CT in the 42 and plain radiopgrapy in the 48 patients were checked out. In the CT, three images were obtained 2cm interval on the coronal and axial plan. CT findings of the chronic sinusitis were analyzed for mucoperiostal thickening before and after treatment using 4 grades;(normal, mild, moderate, severe). Normal was defined as below 3mm thickening of mucoperiosteum; mild was 3-5mm thickening; moderate was 5mm-1cm thickening; severe was above 1cm thickening. Plain radiograpy using Water's view provided maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus. Normal was defined as simillar to density between sinus and oronasal cavity; mild was defined as generally increased density with no significant mucoperiosteal thickning; moderate was partial mucosal thickening without bony hypertropy; severe was total haziness with mucoperiosteal thickening. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Gamigwaghyangjeungki-san, Gamizwakwi-eum and Gamihyangso-san were administered for through oral route additional symptoms Results: Of the 90 patients, 84 patients showed complete recovery (93%), 4 patients showed no significant interval change(4%) and 2 patients were aggrevated (2%). Sixty patients were severe(67%) and 26 patients were moderate (29%), 4 patients were mild(4%) The duration of treatment was varied with patient conditions (91 days in average); severe were 101.7 days, moderate were 70 days and mild were 63 days. Fifty three patients with maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis were 114 days, 35 patients with maxillary sinusitis only were 71.5 days. Fifty eight patients with both maxillary sinusitis were 94.6 days, 26 patients with either maxillary sinusitis were 65 days. The symtoms of chronic sinusitis were nasal obstruction(75%), cough(69%), purulunt or mucosal discharge(62%), lymphoid follicle(54%), postnasal dripping(49%), headache(23%) and nose bleeding(22%). Conclusion: We know that herbal medicine therapy is the effective treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis using plain radiograpy and CT. The duration of treatment may be significant assosiation with the location and degree of chronic sinusitis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic date which is increase the number of revisits for scaling after analyzing factors that influence trend of dental revisits for 7 years. Research data was about 1,471 patients who visited S dental clinic in Seoul at 2007 for scaling. Data from January 2007 to December 2013 was collected. The subjects were divided into 3 groups by their trend in number of dental revisits for scaling: once, 2 times, 3~7 times. The data were analyzed using the chi-squire, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, binary logistic regression analysis. As a result, the trend of dental revisit for scaling is significantly decreased from first time to second time, and after 3rd time dental revisits were steadily continued. Factors affecting dental revisits for scaling are distance, family hospital, systemic disease, presence or absence of periodontal therapy. According to the results of the study, providing dental service in accordance with the patients' characteristics and increasing the dental revisits for scaling could give a positive influence to improvement of oral health.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

PURPOSE. To longitudinally assess the quality of life in maxillectomy patients rehabilitated with obturator prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six subjects were enrolled in the span of 16 months, out of which six were dropouts. Subjects (age group 20-60 years) with maxillary defects, irrespective of the cause, planned for definite obturator prosthesis, were recruited. The Hindi version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Head and Neck version 1 of Quality of Life Questionnaire was used before surgical intervention and one month after definitive obturator. Questionnaire includes 35 questions related to the patient's physical health, well being, psychological status, social relation and environmental conditions. The data were processed with statistical package for social science (SPSS). Probability level of P<.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS. The quality of life after rehabilitation with obturator prosthesis was 81.48% (${\pm}13.64$) on average. On item-level, maximum mean scores were obtained for items problem with teeth ($1.87{\pm}0.94$), pain in mouth ($1.80{\pm}0.92$), trouble in eating ($1.70{\pm}0.88$), trouble in talking to other people ($1.60{\pm}1.22$), problems in swallowing solid food ($1.57{\pm}1.22$) and bothering appearance ($1.53{\pm}1.04$); while minimum scores were obtained for the items coughing ($1.17{\pm}0.38$), hoarseness of voice ($1.17{\pm}0.53$), painful throat ($1.13{\pm}0.43$), trouble in having social contacts with friends ($1.10{\pm}0.40$) and trouble having physical contacts with family or friends ($1.10{\pm}0.31$). CONCLUSION. Obturator prosthesis is a highly positive and non-invasive approach to improve the quality of life of patients with maxillectomy defects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.570-577
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for the development of a health insurance payment system by exploring inpatient hospice & palliative care activities in a long-term care hospital by occupational personnel. The contents and frequency of inpatient hospice-palliative care activities were obtained retrospectively from the chart review of 12 terminally ill patients who died during the 6 months before their deaths. According to their occupational personnel, doctors were doing blood transfusion, family counseling, and medication guidance. Nurses' main activities were airway suction, oxygen supply, EKG monitoring, observing patient's status, helping medication and tube feeding. Other workers' activities are as follows: social workers were applying individualized programs, physical therapists were doing electrostimulation, nutritionists were giving nutrition evaluation and meal rounding, and careworkers were assisting with meals and nutrition. Although certain nursing activities, like emotional support, were performed by nurses, the hospice-palliative activities from doctors, social workers and physical therapists were largely unavailable for terminally ill patients in a long-term care hospital. And some terminally ill patients were receiving too intensive and invasive medical cares for end end-of-life care. The results highlight the importance of valid measures of hospice-palliative care quality and the need for establishing an adequate reimbursement system for ensuring and improving end-of-life care.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.8.1-8.14
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• 2018

We previously demonstrated that the direct transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into the dentate gyrus ameliorated the neurological symptoms of Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1)-mutant mice. However, the clinical presentation of NPC1-mutant mice was not fully understood with a molecular mechanism. Here, we found 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolite, from hUCB-MSCs and the cerebella of NPC1-mutant mice and investigated the functional consequence of this metabolite. Our screening of the CYP2J family indicated a dysregulation in the CYP system in a cerebellar-specific manner. Moreover, in Purkinje cells, CYP2J6 showed an elevated expression level compared to that of astrocytes, granule cells, and microglia. In this regard, we found that one CYP metabolite, 14,15-EET, acts as a key mediator in ameliorating cholesterol accumulation. In confirming this hypothesis, 14,15-EET treatment reduced the accumulation of cholesterol in human NPC1 patient-derived fibroblasts in vitro by suppressing cholesterol synthesis and ameliorating the impaired autophagic flux. We show that the reduced activity within the CYP system in the cerebellum could cause the neurological symptoms of NPC1 patients, as 14,15-EET treatment significantly rescued cholesterol accumulation and impaired autophagy. We also provide evidence that the intranasal administration of hUCB-MSCs is a highly promising alternative to traumatic surgical transplantation for NPC1 patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.389-399
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• 2020

Diverse official policies in community are available for caregivers to take care of the elderly in the US and the UK. This study aims to examine the recent changes in government supports based on The Recognize, Assist, Include Support and Engage (RAISE) in the US, and those by Carer Act 2014 in the UK, to take any good lessons for Korean policy. Caregivers will play a new role to develop innovative treatment for patient-centered care. The UK strengthens to provide various efforts for working carers while assuring economic efficiency in labor market with empirical evidence. The major four ways to support carers were developed agreed with the acknowledge of caregiving value and their human right; financial support, direct services for carers, flexible work time, and advocacy. Korean supports policies for carers in long-term care and social welfare will be more effective in community care system if more evidence based policies are prepared.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.644-664
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• 2021

Objective : Since the enactment of the Special Act on Korean Medical Residents, neurosurgeons working at training hospitals have been performing the duties of residents, in addition to their existing patient care responsibilities, which include surgery, education, and research. This study explores the relationships between work intensity, work-life balance, and burnout experienced by Korean neurosurgeons. Methods : The participants (n=451) were neurosurgeons working at training hospitals throughout Republic of Korea. Data on socio-demographic characteristics (including objective and subjective work environment), work intensity, work-life balance, and burnout were gathered using self-report questionnaires completed between March 1 and December 20, 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analysis. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for the analyses. Results : The work intensity, work-life balance, and burnout levels of neurosurgeons were 3.95, 3.57 (on a scale from 1 to 5) and 4.60 (on a scale from 1 to 7); and 280 (62.1%) of 451 neurosurgeons were found to be experiencing burnout. By controlling for the socio-demographic characteristics, the effects of work intensity and work-life balance on burnout were analyzed. Work intensity (B=0.314), work-life balance-family and leisure (B=0.216), work-life balance-growth (B=0.147), job stress (B=0.133), and satisfaction with human relationships (B=-0.069) were shown to be significant (all p<0.05), and they were found to affect burnout in the abovementioned order. The overall explanatory power was 58.3% (p<0.05), and the explanatory power with the addition of independent variables such as work intensity and work-life balance was 14.5% (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study showed that Korean neurosurgeons working at training hospitals experienced a high level of work intensity and job stress, and low work-life balance. Additionally, nearly half of the neurosurgeons were found to experience burnout related to factors such as work intensity, work-life balance, job stress, and satisfaction with human relationships. In particular, these factors seem to have deteriorated further after the implementation of the Special Act on Korean Medical Residents. These very high levels of burnout among Korean neurosurgeons who care for patients with both brain and spinal diseases may have a very important impact on patients' health. Therefore, it is recommended that the Korean Neurosurgical Society and the Korean government make efforts to improve the factors that affect burnout among Korean neurosurgeons.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.567-579
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find a way to improve the hospice system to increase comfortable home death, which people prefer, by understanding the factors affecting the difference in the rate of home death between South Korea and America within the hospice system. This study employs the Most Similar Systems Design, which is a case study approach. The result of this study is that both countries have public health insurance systems that are identical in terms of the appropriate time for the receipt of hospice services and the application procedure, which requires that two doctors confirm the patient's hospice eligibility. The main difference is that in South Korea, inpatient hospice is prevalent, whereas routine home care is predominant in the United States. Furthermore, in the United States, hospice assistants and housekeepers support at-home daily living care. Additionally, the United States provides inpatient respite care to allow care-giver, such as family to rest and there is no restriction on hospice-eligible diseases. To increase the accessibility of voluntary home death in South Korea, it is necessary to activate and expand the home type hospice service range and provide at-home daily living care, care-giver support services. Furthermore, there should be no restrictions on hospice-eligible diseases.

• 한국노년학
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2007

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed to investigate the relationship among attitude toward DNR orders, depression, and self-esteem in the elderly. Method: The participants of this study were 99 elderly individuals who were hospitalized in four university hospitals in Seoul and Kangwon-do from October 1, 2006 to October 21, 2006. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Results: The mean scores were 3.99 for attitude toward DNR orders(range of 1-5), 6.64 for depression(range of 1-15), and 26.83 for self-esteem(range of 10-40). Self-esteem was significantly correlated with attitude toward DNR orders(r=.200, p=.047). About half of the participants(49.5%) responded that the proper time for obtaining DNR consent was when they were healthy and could express their own intentions and make the decision by themselves. Most of the participants showed a positive attitude toward DNR orders. The participants preferred to make the DNR decision when they were healthy. Therefore, health care providers working with the elderly should try to discuss the DNR decision with their patients when they are conscious and able to make the DNR decision by themselves rather than leaving the decisions up to the patient's family members