• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2015

A wearable sensing ECG T-shirt for ubiquitous vital signs sensing is proposed. The sensor system consists of a signal processing board and capacitive sensing electrodes which together enable measurement of an electrocardiogram (ECG) on the human chest with minimal discomfort. The capacitive sensing method was employed to prevent direct ECG measurement on the skin and also to provide maximum convenience to the user. Also, low power integrated circuits (ICs) and passive electrodes were employed in this research to reduce the power consumption of the entire system. Small flexible electrodes were placed into cotton pockets and affixed to the interior of a worn tight NIKE Pro combat T-shirt. Appropriate signal conditioning and processing were implemented to remove motion artifacts. The entire system was portable and consumed low power compared to conventional ECG devices. The ECG signal obtained from a 24 yr. old male was comparable to that of an ECG simulator.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between nursing error experience, coping behavior and job stress in operating room. Methods: A descriptive research design was used in this study. The participants were 228 operating room nurses in G city who surveyed between October 25 and November 25, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 24.0/AMOS WIN 24.0 Program, which determined frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equation model. Results: There were significant positive correlations between six sub-categories of nursing errors and job stress. We found negative correlations between coping behavior and job stress. There was a mediating effect of active coping between knowledge of nursing error and job stress. We found passive coping between inspection & monitoring related error and job stress. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that adequate education and the improvement in hospital environment and system should be required to reduce the nurses' job stress related to the patients' safety in operating room.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.94-102
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• 2003

This paper presents active management of feeder automation systems using active database. DAS(Distribution Automation System) has been managed for feeder automation in passive manner. Therefore, feeder automation system has to be managed by operator when feeder overloadings is detected. It may be possible for propagating the feeder overloadings area by operator's mistake. To overcome this defect, the author proposed the feeder automation technique with active manner to obtain feasible feeder reconfiguration. Active database can manage feeder automation system by data driven monitoring of events and by corresponding actions without operator's intervening. To manage feeder automation system with active manner, production rule, active rule manager are designed. And active database system architecture for feeder automation system is proposed. Test results on the KEPCO's 108 bus distribution system show that the performance is efficient and robust.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was conducted to propose the plan of creating a brooklet reflecting an water-friendly space as well as its function as the habitats of wildbird in Cheongdam Neighborhood Park in Seoul. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan, a execution; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, trail, existing vegetation, wildbird; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 5 types; Quercus mongolica-Q. acutissima forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Populus${\times}$albaglandulosa forest, artificial green space, urban area. 11 species and 49 individuals of wildbirds appeared in 2004(3~4month). The plan of creating a brooklet were divided passive-zone, eco-zone, and dynamic-zone. Environment elements of each space including a mountain stream, ecological pond, marshland, ecological landscape forest, wildbird observation trail, waterway etc. The brooklet of Cheongdam Neighborhood Park is rated high as an important space for wildbird biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.227-232
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• 2004

The carboxylates as a corrosion inhibitor has been studied by many researchers because of its environmental safety and low depletion rate. However, conventional test methods of inhibitor such as weight loss measurements, linear polarization resistance and corrosion potential monitoring etc., evaluate uniform corrosion of metals. These methods are unable to evaluate crevice-related corrosions, which are encountered in most of heat exchanging facilities. In order to choose the optimum corrosion inhibitor, the appropriate test methods are required to evaluate their performances in service environment. From this point of view, polarization technique was used to evaluate the characteristics of sodium heptanoate on corrosion behavior for carbon steel. Especially a thin film crevice sensor technique were applied to simulate the crevice corrosion in this study. From these experiments, we found that oxygen as an oxidizing agent was required to obtain stable passive film on the metal. Presence of oxygen, however, accelerated crevice corrosion. Potential shift by oxygen depletion and weakened inhibitive film inside the crevice were responsible for such accelerated feature. It is shown that film for corrosion inhibition is a mixture of sodium heptanoate and iron (II) heptanoate as reaction product of iron surface and sodium heptanoate. The iron (II) heptanoate which has been synthesized by reaction of heptanoic acid and ferrous chloride in methanol solution forms bidentate complex.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.489-500
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• 2014

In this study, remote handling strategies for a large-scale argon cell facility were considered. The suggested strategies were evaluated by several types of field test. The teleoperation tasks were performed using a developed remote handling system, which enabled traveling over entire cell area using a bridge transport system. Each arm of the system had six DOFs (degrees of freedom), and the bridge transport system had four DOFs. However, despite the dexterous manipulators and redundant monitoring system, many operators, including professionals, experienced difficulties in operating the remote handling system. This was because of the lack of a strategy for handling the installed camera system, and the difficulty in recognizing the gripper pose, which might fall outside the FOV (field of vision) of the system during teleoperation. Hence, in this paper, several considerations for the remote handling tasks performed in the target facility were discussed, and the tasks were analyzed based on ergonomic factors such as the workload. Toward the development of a successful operation strategy, several ergonomic issues, such as active/passive view of the remote handling system, eye/hand alignment, and FOV were considered. Furthermore, using the method for classifying remote handling tasks, several unit tasks were defined and evaluated.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.97-104
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• 2009

In the process of urban development, the increase in the number and the complexity of urban facilities gives rise to a variety of problems, such as increase in construction and maintenance cost. In particular, taking into account the fact that an emergency situation in an urban facility can cause substantial loss of property as well as casualties, it becomes important to intelligently perceive states of facilities and properly execute countermeasures through real-time monitoring. In recent years, practitioners and researchers have made efforts to improve current passive and manpower-dependent facility management systems to be more active and intelligent, by applying diverse ubiquitous computing technologies for the u-City project. In this study, after discussing major drawbacks of the conventional facilities management, the concept and the model of a sensor-based integrated intelligent management system for urban facilities are proposed. The proposed model, by analyzing and processing real-time sensor data from urban facilities, not only supports the management of individual facilities, but also enables the detection of complex facility-related events and the process of their countermeasures. This active and intelligent management of urban facilities is expected to overcome the limitation of the conventional facilities management, and provide more suitable facility management services for the u-City development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.161-170
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• 2001

Vehicle detection is the basic of traffic monitoring. Video based systems have several apparent advantages compared with other kinds of systems. However, In video based systems, shadows make troubles for vehicle detection. especially active shadows resulted from moving vehicles. In this paper a new method that combines background subtraction and edge detection is proposed for vehicle detection and shadow rejection. The method is effective and the correct rate of vehicle detection is higher than 98(%) in experiments, during which the passive shadows resulted from roadside buildings grew considerably. Based on the proposed vehicle detection method, vehicle tracking, counting, classification and speed estimation are achieved so that traffic information concerning traffic flow is obtained to describe the load of each lane.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

Objective : Mismatch negativity (MMN) provides an electrophysiological index of an involuntary attention switching process. This study investigated MMN anomalies and their relationship to clinical variables in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods : Study participants were 29 OCD patients and 24 normal controls. We used a 128-channel EEG to measure MMN during a passive oddball paradigm. Then we assessed the correlations between MMN amplitudes and clinical measures. Results : The OCD patients exhibited significantly greater MMN amplitude compared to the controls. Also, the right frontal lobe MMN amplitudes correlated significantly to the OCD patients' Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total scores (r=-0.520, p=0.005). Conclusion : These results suggest that MMN anomalies in OCD patients reflect a monitoring circuit dysfunction, raising the possibility that the OCD's pathophysiology includes glutamatergic dysfunction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.383-391
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• 2023

Energy harvesting in trams may become a prevalent source of passive energy generation due to the high density of vibrational energy, and this may help power structural health monitoring systems for the trams. This paper presents a broadband vibrational energy harvesting device design that utilizes a varied frequency from a tram vehicle using a 2 DOF vibrational system combined with electromagnetic energy conversion. This paper will demonstrate stepwise optimization processes to determine mechanical parameters for frequency tuning to adjust to the trams' operational conditions, and electromagnetic parameters for the whole system design to maximize power output. The initial optimization will determine 5 important design parameters in a 2 DOF vibrational system, namely the masses (m₁, m₂ (and spring constants (k₁, k₂, k₃). The second step will use these parameters as initial guesses for the second optimization which will maintain the ratios of these parameters and present electrical parameters to maximize the power output from this system. The obtained values indicated a successful demonstration of design optimization as the average power generated increased from 1.475 mW to 17.44 mW (around 12 times).