• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2016

Scandia-stabilized zirconia co-doped with $CeO_2$ is a promising electrolyte for intermediate temperature SOFC, but still shows rapid degradation during a long-term operation. In this study, $CeO_2$ (1 mol%) as a stabilizer is partially substituted with lanthanum oxides ($M_2O_3$, M=Yb, Gd, Sm) to stabilize a cubic phase and thus durability in reducing atmosphere. 0.5M0.5Ce10ScSZ electrolytes were prepared by solid state reaction and sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 10 h to produce dense ceramic specimens. With addition of the lanthanum oxide, 0.5M0.5Ce10ScSZ showed lower degradation rates than 1Ce10ScSZ. Since $Gd_2O_3$ showed the highest ionic conductivity among the co-dopants, an electrolyte-supported cell with 0.5Gd0.5Ce10ScSZ was prepared to compare its long-term performance with that of 1Ce10ScSZ-based cell. Maximum power density of 0.5Gd0.5Ce10ScSZ-based cell was degraded by about 2.3% after 250 h, which was much lower than 1Ce10ScSZ-based cell (4.2%).

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 1999

PECVD(Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition)을 이용하여 yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) 박막을 제조하였다. 반응물질로 금속유기화합물을 $Zr[TMHD]_4$와 $Y[TMHD]_3$그리고 산소를 사용하였으며, 증착온도는 $425^{\circ}C$, rf power는 0~100W까지 적용하였다. YSZ 박막은 (200)면이 기판에 평행한 입벙정상 구조를 가졌으며, 1시간 내에 $1\mu\textrm{m}$ 두께를 형성하였다. EDX에 의한 막의 성분분석 결과로부터 환산된 박막내의 $Y_2O_3$의 함량은 0-36%의 범위였다. 버블러의 온도 및 운반기체의 유량이 증가함에 따라 박막의 두께 역시 비례하여 증가하였는데, 이는 precursor의 flux 증가로 인한 박막내의 $Y_2O_3$의 함량증가에 의한 것이었다. Zr 및 Y, O는 박막의 두께에 따라 일정한 조성비를 나타내었다. 운반기체를 Ar로 하였을 때 $1000\AA$이하의 크기를 갖는 YSZ 입자들이 column 모양으로 기판에 수직하게 성장하였으며, 운반기체가 He인 경우에도 column 모양으로 성장하였으며 입도가 $1000~2000\AA$으로 Ar의 경우보다 조대해졌다. XRD 분석결과 $Y_2O_3$의 함량이 증가함에 따라 YSZ의 격자상수 값이 약간씩 증가하였다. 이는 박막 전반에 걸쳐 형성된 균열에 의해 격자변형으로 인해 발생한 응력을 완화시켰지 때문이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.429-442
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to determine temperature and stress distributions in a ceramic based on Partially Stabilized Zirconia coated steel piston crown by using plasma spraying for improving performance of a marine diesel engine. Effects of coating constituent and thickness on temperature and stress distributions were investigated including comparisons with results from an uncoated piston by means of finite element method namely ANSYS. Temperature developed at the coated surface is significantly higher than that of the uncoated piston. The maximum stress components occur between bond coat and adjacent ceramic layer. Provided that coating thickness is constant as 0.5 mm, when numbers of layers increase, magnitude of the normal stress decrease about 34.1% on the base metal surface according to uncoated piston, but the base metal surface temperature of the steel piston increase about 13.1%.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1994

For the plasma sprayed as well as the EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings, the fracture paths within the oxidation products developed at the interface between the partially stabilized zirconia ceramic coating and NiCoCrAlY bond coat during cyclic thermal oxidation has been investigated. It was observed that the fracture in the oxidation products primarily took place within the oxide such as $Ni_{1-x}Co_3(Al_,Cr)_2O_4$ or at the interface between the oxide and $Al_2O_3$. It was found that Al2O3 developed first, followed by the Ni/Co/Cr rich oxides such as ,,$Ni_{1-x}Co_x(Al_,Cr)_2O_4$ $Cr_2O_3$and NiO at the interface between the ceramic coating and the bond coat in a cyclic high temperature environment. It was therfore concluded that the formation of the oxide containing Ni, Cr and Co was a life-limiting event for thermal barrier coatings during cyclic thermal oxidation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1992

3 mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 powders were prepared by hydrolysis with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mol/ιH2O/ethanol into 0.1 mol/ι zirconium and yttrium alkoside/ethanol. Spherical monodispersed yttria-partially stabilized zirconia particles with an average diameter of about 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were prepared by hydrolysis with 0.2 mol/ιH2O/ethanol. The as-prepared powder was amorphous and with heating it transformed into cubic up to 80$0^{\circ}C$ and into tetragonal over 100$0^{\circ}C$. 3 mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 powders calcined over and up to 80$0^{\circ}C$ were a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic and only tetragonal as determined by X-ray diffraction, respectively.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 1998

Milling media of steel and partially stabilized zirconia(PSZ) were used to produce $Mo_3$Si by mechanical alloying(MA) of Mo-25.0at%Si elemental powder mixture. The effect of milling medium materials on MA of the powder mixture have been investigated by XRD and DTA. The reaction rate and the end-product noticeably depended upon the milling medium material. The formation of $Mo_3$Si and $Mo_5Si_3$phases by PSZ ball-milling took place after 15 hr of MA and was characterized by a slow reaction rate as Mo, Si, $Mo_5Si_3$ and $Mo_3$Si coexisted for a long period of milling time. The formation of a new phase by steel ball-milling, however, did not take Place even after 96 hr of MA. DTA and annealing results showed that $Mo_5Si_3$ and $Mo_3$Si were formed after heating the ball-milled powder specimens to different temperatures. At low temperatures, Mo and Si were transformed into $Mo_5Si_3$. At high temperatures, the formation of $Mo_3$Si can be partially attributed to the reaction, 7Mo+Si+$Mo_5Si_3$-.4$Mo_3$Si . The formation of $Mo_3$Si and Mo5Si3 phases by mechanical alloying of the powder mixture and the relevant reaction rate appeared to depend upon the milling medium material as well as the thermodynamic properties of the end-products.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 1998

The effect of aliovalent dopants, $ Nb_2O_5$ and MnO, on the phase stability of 12 mol% ceria partially-stabilized zirconia (Ce-TZP) polycrystals was studied. Both dopants (MnO and $ Nb_2O_5$) significantly increased the stability of the tetragonal zirconia phase (Mb temperature lower than liquid nitrogen temperature). The enhancement of the stability of the tetragonal phase in Ce-TZP doped with 1 mol% of Mno(Ce-TZP/MnO) andCe-TZP doped with 1 mol% of $ Nb_2O_5$(Ce-TZP/$ Nb_2O_5$) were explained by the significant reduction of the driving force, -${\Delta}$Gchem, for the tetragonal-to-mono-clinic phase transformation caused by the addition of MnO and $ Nb_2O_5$. The enhanced stability of the tetragonal phase in the Ce-TZP and Al2O3 composite (Ce-TZP/$Al_2O_3$) is believed to be caused by smaller grain size, moderate reduction in the chemical driving force and increase in the strain energy barrier to the transformation. Mechanical properties of the Ce-TZP and the Ce-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ with (i) the same grain size and (ii) the same Mb temperature were examined by measuring stress-strain behavior in 3 point bending. The Ce-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ composite doped with 1.3w% MnO (Ce-TZP/$Al_2O_3$/MnO), which had the same grain size as the Ce-TZP and De-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ showed more transformation plasticity than either the Ce-TZP or the Ce-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ composite. The Ce-TZP wihch had the same Mb temperature as that of the Ce-TZP/$Al_2O_3$/MnO did not show any transformation plasticity.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1987

9mol% 의 MgO로 $1650^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 고상반응과 동시에 소결시킨 부분안정화 지르코니아 소결체(9MZ-PSZ)를 소성후 냉각중 $1200^{\circ}C$~$1400^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 열처리하여 이의 열분해 반응, 열충격기등 및 기전력 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 열충격시럼 전과 후의 강도, 열팽창률, X-선 회절분석에 의한 단사정사 함률과 상전이, 밀도 및 갈바닉 전위를 측정하였으며 SEm에 의한 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 입체부근의 미소화학분석은 $1350^{\circ}C$ 열처리 시편에 한하여 EDX 로 정량하였다. 9MZ-PSZ 시편의 열처리에 의하여 입방정상의 $ZrO^{2}$는 상기 온도범위에서는 준안정-정방정상의 $ZrO^{2}$와 MgO로 열분해되는데, 이때 생성된 준안정 정방정상은 열충격 시험후의 잔류강도를 응력유기상전이 효과에 의해 증가시킨다. 또한 MgO는 입계에 연속적으로 존재하는데 이런하 MgO의 연속상을 통한 열전도롤 인하여 PSZ의 열충격 저항이 크게 향상된다. 이때 PSZ의 열분해 속도와 단사정상 함량은 열처리 온도가 $1400^{\circ}C$에서 $1200^{\circ}C$로 감소됨에 따라 증가한다. 갈바닉전의 측정결과 이상의 열처리에 의하여도 양호한 기전력 특성을 갖는 지르코니아 고체전해질을 제조할 수 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.426-437
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• 2005

Statement of problem : Although zirconium oxide ceramics are more and more commonly used in restorative dentistry, for many clinical applications only limited data can be found in the literature. However it is quite clear that hydrofluoric acid etching is impossible with zirconia ceramics. Therefore, other bonding techniques are required in order to lute these materials adhesively. Purpose : The purpose or this study was to evaluate the effects of surface treatments on shear bond strengths between two resin cements and a zirconia ceramic. Materials and methods : Experimental industrially manufactured yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia ceramic discs (Adens, Korea) were used for this study. The ceramic specimens divided into five experimental groups and a control group (as received). Five surface treatments were studied 1) sandblasting with 110$\mu$m $Al_2O_3$ at 3 bars pressure 13 seconds at a distance of 10 mm, 2) flame-treated with the Silano-Pen for 5 $s/cm^3$, 3) grinding with a diamond bur. 4) sandblasting + Silano-Pen treatment, 5) diamond bur preparation + Silano-Pen treatment. Acrylic plastic tube (5 mm in height and 3 mm in diameter) were filled with composite to fabricate composite cylinders The composite cylinders were bonded to the ceramic specimens with either Superbond C&B or Panavia F resin luting agents. All cemented specimens were tested under shear loading until fracture on universal testing machine at a crosshead speed 1mm/min; the maximum load at fracture was recorded. Sheat bond strength data were analyzed with oneway analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (P<.05). Treated ceramic surfaces and fracture surfaces after shear testing were examined morphologically using scanning electron microscope. Results: Ceramic surface treatment with Silano-Pen after sandblasting improved the bond strength of Superbond C&B resin cement. Supevbond C& B resin cement at Silano-Pen aiker sandblasting($27.4{\pm}3.8MPa$) showed statistically higher shear bond strength than the others. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, Superbond C& &B resin cement are suitable for cementation of zirconia ceramics and flame-treated with the Silano-Pen after sandblasting is required to enhance the bond strength.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.631-638
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• 1995

In this study, mechanical characteristics test of Functionally Gradient Materia (FGM) was performed by means of Modified Small Punch (MSP) Test with FGM; NiCrAlY-8YSZ and PSZ-Ni. To determine fracture mechanic factor, it was carried out MSP test that has possibility with small specimen (10*10*0.5 mm$^{t}$ ) and AE test to analyze micro fracture mechanism. As a result, fracture behavior became varied from brittle fracture to ductile as the content of Ni(or NiCrAlY) composition was increased and fracture energy was increased too. AE characteristics demonstrated that AE technique can detect the onset of fracture processes and AE energy was suddenly increased in the vicinity of maximum load. Since Young's modulus, fracture stress and fracture toughness was determined by MSP test, it can be known that the composition of NiCrAly 75%/8YSZ25% has the best mechanical property and furthermore this result is supported with fracture surface observation.