• BMB Reports
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2017

Synapse is the basic structural and functional component for neural communication in the brain. The presynaptic terminal is the structural and functionally essential area that initiates communication and maintains the continuous functional neural information flow. It contains synaptic vesicles (SV) filled with neurotransmitters, an active zone for release, and numerous proteins for SV fusion and retrieval. The structural and functional synaptic plasticity is a representative characteristic; however, it is highly vulnerable to various pathological conditions. In fact, synaptic alteration is thought to be central to neural disease processes. In particular, the alteration of the structural and functional phenotype of the presynaptic terminal is a highly significant evidence for neural diseases. In this review, we specifically describe structural and functional alteration of nerve terminals in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD).

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2022

Through the development and dissemination of embedded devices, studies that may help patients are rapidly emerging. Recently, as wearable devices have become one of the ways to diagnose diseases in daily life, they are being studied as a way to assist severely ill patients to lead their daily lives. Among them, a method of detecting and giving signals to detect and solve symptoms using acceleration sensors to diagnose Parkinson's disease is being studied, and there is no study to measure and analyze various factors that can affect Parkinson's disease. To solve them, we designed and developed a wearable device, P-Band, with various sensors capable of diagnosing related symptoms, including acceleration sensors capable of diagnosing Parkinson's disease. In this paper, the overall structure of the P-Band and the description and operation method of the measurable sensors are presented. In addition, it was confirmed that the symptoms of Parkinson's patients could be determined complexly through the results measured in actual patients.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2019

파킨슨병은 3대 노인성 질환 중 하나로 인구 고령화에 따라 전 세계적으로 발병률이 증가하고 있으며, 질병이 진행될수록 시간적·경제적인 비용이 높아지기 때문에 병의 진행정도를 파악하는 것과 초기에 진단해내는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 스마트폰을 이용하여 파킨슨병을 조기 진단(Pre-Screening)할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 하였다. 개발한 어플리케이션의 콘텐츠들은 탭핑(Tapping), 떨림(Tremor), 나선형 그리기(Spiral Drawing), 보행(Gait)으로 구성되어 있으며, 통합형 파킨슨병 평가척도(Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale)의 Part III(운동성 검사)를 기반으로 하였다. 이를 활용하여 파킨슨병의 운동성 증상으로 알려져 있는 서동증(Bradykinesia), 진전(Tremor), 자세 불안정(Postural Instability)에 대한 정량적인 진단이 가능하며, 증상의 진행 정도에 대한 모니터링이 가능하다. 이러한 방법은 파킨슨병 진단 및 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2019

노년기 3대 질환 중 하나인 파킨슨병은 환자의 70 % 이상이 음성 장애를 앓고 있으며 최근 음성 신호를 통한 파킨슨병의 진단 방법들이 고안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 음성 특징을 이용한 심층 잔류 순환 신경망 기반의 파킨슨병 진단 방식을 제안한다. 제안하는 방식에서는 파킨슨병 진단을 위한 음성 특징을 선택하고 이를 심층 잔류 순환 신경망에 적용하여 파킨슨병 환자를 식별한다. 제안하는 심층 잔류 순환 신경망은 심층 순환 신경망에 잔류 학습 방식을 결합한 알고리즘으로 파킨슨병 진단에서 기존의 식별 알고리즘보다 더 높은 인식률을 보인다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.120-132
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• 2021

Objectives: The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is on an upward trend along with an increase in the aging population but there is no available treatment that halts the progression of neurodegeneration. This study reports a numerical analysis on Donguibogam and suggests novel herbal drugs, which have never been researched before but found to be deemed effective in this study. Methods: Referring to 71 Korean medicine symptom terms that represent the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, 4170 prescriptions described in Donguibogam were classified into two groups based on whether their main effects were effective for Parkinson's disease or not. Comparing the two groups, the chi-square test was performed to select statistically significant herbs, while the t-test, Wilcoxon test, and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the appropriate dose. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven prescriptions effective for Parkinson's disease were identified. The chi-square test determined 17 herbs that are effective for symptomatic treatment. Among the medicinal herbs, the authors suggest Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Aconiti Tuber, Myrrha, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber as herbal candidates that have never been studied for Parkinson's disease. Through the statistical tests, it was judged that the mean value of the dose of the entire prescription was the appropriate dose for each herb. Conclusions: Seventeen herbs were selected for Parkinson's disease and the appropriate daily dose were calculated. Furthermore, this study presented a new process that applies a statistical method to traditional medical literature and preselecting herbs deemed effective for specific diseases.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2017

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may induce impairment of speech motor system. This review discusses the characteristics of dysarthria and symptom management for these conditions. Given the progressive nature of the neurodegenerative diseases, speech-language pathologists must be aware of appropriate augmentative and alternative communication equipment at the early stage of the disease course. Patients with neurodegenerative diseases can maintain functional communication with augmentative and alternative communication supports.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2018

Formation of toxic protein aggregates is a common feature and mainly contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and prion diseases. The transglutaminase 2 (TG2) gene encodes a multifunctional enzyme, displaying four types of activity, such as transamidation, GTPase, protein disulfide isomerase, and protein kinase activities. Many studies demonstrated that the calcium-dependent transamidation activity of TG2 affects the formation of insoluble and toxic amyloid aggregates that mainly consisted of NDD-related proteins. So far, many important and NDD-related substrates of TG2 have been identified, including $amlyoid-{\beta}$, tau, ${\alpha}-synuclein$, mutant huntingtin, and ALS-linked trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43. Recently, the formation of toxic inclusions mediated by several TG2 substrates were efficiently inhibited by TG2 inhibitors. Therefore, the development of highly specific TG2 inhibitors would be an important tool in alleviating the progression of TG2-related brain disorders. In this review, the authors discuss recent advances in TG2 biochemistry, several mechanisms of molecular regulation and pleotropic signaling functions, and the presumed role of TG2 in the progression of many NDDs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes that function as signaling molecules for regulating a diverse range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, immune-cell trafficking, vascular and epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Recently, several studies have highlighted the pivotal role of sphingolipids in neuroinflammatory regulation. Sphingolipids have multiple functions, including induction of the expression of various inflammatory mediators and regulation of neuroinflammation by directly effecting the cells of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipid engagement in neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Abnormal sphingolipid alterations, which involves an increase in ceramide and a decrease in sphingosine kinase, are observed during neuroinflammatory disease. These trends are observed early during disease development, and thus highlight the potential of sphingolipids as a new therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroinflammatory diseases.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2004

This paper reviews the available published literature on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and COX-2 inhibition properties of phycocyanin from Spirulina. The potential application of for the prevention and mitigation of such radical-induced chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease, and age-related degenerative diseases like Alzheimer＇s disease, Parkinson＇s disease, diabetes and other conditions are discussed based on the available evidence.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2007

파킨슨병은 노년층에 가장 흔한 퇴행성 뇌질환 중의 하나로 진행성핵상마비, 다중계 위축, 루이체 치매 등과 같은 비전형 파킨슨병과 임상적으로 감별이 어려울 수 있다. 파킨슨병과 비전형 파킨슨병의 감별은 치료방침 결정과 예후평가뿐만 아니라 파킨슨병의 원인과 병태생리를 연구하고 새로운 치료법 개발에 있어서도 매우 중요하다. 파킨슨병과 비전형 파킨슨병과 같이 파킨슨 증후군을 유발하는 질환은 선조체내 도파민 신경의 퇴행성 변화를 흔히 동반하지만 병태생리학적으로 서로 다른 뇌피질 및 피질하 구조물에서의 신경세포 소실을 동반하고 있다. 따라서 국소 시냅스 활성도와 신경 및 시냅스의 손상, 그리고 원발병변과 기능적으로 연결된 원격부위의 기능이상 등을 대변하는 뇌포도당 대사를 F-18FDG PET으로 평가하는 것은 파킨슨 병의 감별진단과 병태생리를 평가하는데 유용하다.