• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2015

The demands about eco friendly space are increased as buildings are denser in downtown, and green system on the roof and the artificial ground are widely being applied. The construction of green system applies a waterproof layer, a root barrier and a protection concrete layer. Assembly of these many layers leads to a long construction term, and cause many defects. This study is to evaluate one layer-hybrid sheet which gets waterproof and root barrier performance simultaneously, which is developed to use in the new green system. As results, the performances of physical properties, durability, waterproof and root barrier not only exceeded quality standards but also showed excellent durability. In addition, mock-up test would be proceed to certify long term performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to derive the served distance of the senior-friendly park considering physical changes, which were estimated through a comparison experiment at an actual target site. The time to walk 500m was examined because 500m is considered the served distance of a neighborhood park and as a standard set by the city. The mean walking time of the control group (younger than 65 years) was 536 seconds, while that of the treatment group (older than 65 years) was 889 seconds, which was approximately 1.7 times longer than the control group. The results of this study also showed that the walking time of females was longer than that of males when they were older than 65 years old. The walking velocities of the control group and the treatment groups were also calculated using the mean walking time. The weight estimated by a proportional formula was 0.6. When it was applied to 500m, which is the served distance of a neighborhood park, the served distance of the senior-friendly park was estimated as 300m. Lastly, the green service excluded area was quantified by applying the 300m, the served distance of a senior-friendly park, to the Jung-gu, Daegu, which had the highest elderly population in the Daegu Metropolitan City. The results of this calculation showed that the area served by a city park was $2,425,747m^2$ and the area excluded from the city park service was $4,627,700m^2$ for senior citizens. The results also showed that, in terms of the distributive equity, the administrative districts received unequal am ounts of urban green area services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2018

The lack of research on the suitability of park green spaces as a form of earthquake shelter leads to difficultiesin highlighting the functions of these shelters. In this study, the weight value and priority of 27 indexes derived from previous studies are calculated by the AHP method and then a score table was established via a transformed score method. The final evaluation grade is divided into five levels: very inadequate, inadequate, general, adequate, highly adequate. Finally, indexes that were difficult to judge were explained. Based on this, the suitability evaluation of park green spaces as a form of earthquake shelter can be performed. The evaluation results can reflect the advantages and disadvantages of park green space as a form of earthquake shelter and indicate directionsfor construction in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to grasp the present state of a outdoor space planning and to analysis plan characteristics in based on regional characteristics in Housing complex plan. The analysis result of this study is as follows : first, we know that the right of regional characteristics is appearing variously every research workers. also an analysis about regional characteristics that should be considered in housing complex plan was insufficient. Second, regional characteristics can be classified into 5 factors. These are classified as a context of location, city link, life atmosphere, needs of locals and creation of image. Third, it has originality against other housing complex to graft items connected with 'U contest' on outdoor space planning. Also, it has affirmatively effected on image of Buk-gu and recognition of Dong beyn-dong and Seo beyn-dong. It is get out of the uniform design by a planning based on land and surrounding environment in arrangement and forms. Also residents have the satisfaction and pride in arrangement considering the climate of a region and security of the green space.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.353-359
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• 2015

This study introduces a resource recycling system in urban apartment complex using four different technologies. The four technologies, called 4G, include a production technology for reclaimed water (Green water), a biogas production technology from organic waste (Green biogas), a reuse technology of rainwater (Green rainwater), and urban agropark (Green pyramid). Green water is the technology for producing the reclaimed water from wastewater, rainwater and underground water, and the average concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and coliform of reclaimed water were 7.8mg/L, ND (not detected), 4.9mg/L and ND, respectively. Green biogas is the technology for producing biogas and effluent after treating organic wastes (e.g. food waste and night soil) discharged from households, and the average production rates of hydrogen and methane were $0.33m^3/m^3/d$ and $0.24m^3/m^3/d$, respectively. Green pyramid, agricultural farm operated by biogas and reclaimed water, provides a healthy and recreational space for residents, and plant growth rates using treated water and reclaimed water showed height of 1.32cm and weight of 112.8g. Therefore, 4G technologies can improve the recycling rate and treatment efficiencies of waste and wastewater in an apartment complex.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.674-684
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to construct ecological pond using LID technique in order to create naturally comfortable community space in urban idle space. The specification of the ecological pond is $110m^2$ of surface area, $0.45{\pm}0.02m$ of average depth, and bed material is composed of gravel (diameter ${\leq}60mm$), sand (diameter ${\leq}2mm$) and bentonite. Rainfall and water depth monitoring were conducted to determine the annual characteristics of inflow of the water for the ecological pond, result of total rainfall was 1,287 mm and showed a seasonal imbalance that accounted for 71.3% (918 mm) during July to August, but the annual mean water depth was kept constant at $0.45{\pm}0.02m$ due to the secondary water source. Annual trends of basic water quality showed a significant changes according to the season, such as water temperature ($5.2{\sim}28.8^{\circ}C$), DO (5.0 ~ 13.8 mg/L), EC ($113{\sim}265{\mu}S/cm$). BOD, COD, TN, and TP in physicochemical water quality tended to increase after October, but the ion parameters such as $NH_3$ and $PO_4{^{3-}}$ were generally low. Phytoplankton indicators Chl-a and BGA (blue green algae) showed a sharp increase from July to August, and green algae (Selenastrum bibraianum, Pediastrum boryanum etc.) and filamentous blue green algae (Phormidium sp.) emerged as a dominant species. The ion parameters ($F^-$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) were strongly correlated with the $Cl^-$ as a conservative substance (R=0.70~0.97, p<0.05). Water quality was influenced by the ambient environment such as seasonal changes or rainfall, and it was closely related to fluctuation of the inflow of the water. In the future, it is necessary to consider ecological connections by referring to the characteristics surveyed in this study in order to effectively manage the water quality and biodiversity of the ecological pond in idle space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to establish the principles of an arrangement planning for children's playgrounds which can be contributed to offer the recreation opportuqities to all urban children equally. The study is specially focused on the service radius and the inducement rate in children's playground. The data in this study were made into field survey, dividing the park users into preschool children (below 6- year-old)and school children (7 to 12-year - old), through six sampling places in Taegu City. The results are summarized as follows : The using distance was becoming shorter according as the dencity of population was becoming high. There wart 75% of the users to service radius 250m prescribing in the present City Park Law. The service radius of preschool children was 260m and that of school children was 300m in average. To investigate the effects of several attributes on the inducement of children's playground, three of six children's playgrounds were selected based on three attributes of those which were width of area, percentage of green coverage and the pattern of facility arrangment. Of three children's playgrounds, Sankyok 3- dong which had the highest percentage of green coverage, the greatest width of area and the corner type in the arrangement was a slight tendency to become the same in the inducement rate of the two age group. In the using pattern of this Sankyok 3-dong. preschool children usually used a play facility, on the contrary, school children showed the active play pattern by using space.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of urban heat island considering urban space at nighttime. We used to analyze landuse and landcover data of 1:1,000 scale, DTM, and surface temperature extracted ASTER image satellite of nighttime. According to the analytical results, heat intensity in single-family residential is higher than that in industrial area, public facility area, and commercial area because the anthropogenic heat by energy consumption is released. Likewise, the temperature difference were big in the buildings of industrial area depending on operating hours. Meanwhile, green and river area had cooling impacts mitigating the urban heat island. Therefore, we have to mitigate heat intensity through constructing green space and waterfront area. As mentioned above, we think that the results of this study will be used as base data for effective spatial planning when formulating development planning to mitigate urban heat island at nighttime.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The focus of this study is the promotion of green area volumes and their naturalness, water circulation system, decline of entropy, creation of biological habitats and linkage of separated urban green space. Re-presentative urban biotope survey sites were categorized as urban biotope, semi-natural biotope, and natural forest. In the urban biotope, a residential biotope was constructed near the Han river and in mountain areas. The green-area ratio at the housing complex was about 25%. GVZ(Grunvolumenzahl) was 0.35m$^3$/m$^2$ at the 5∼10-story housing complex, and 1.53m$^3$/m$^2$ over the 11-story. As for the green-area structure of the housing complex, canopy layer, understory layer, and shrub layer were not differentiated and the green-area volume was not high enough. The green-area ratio of school areas as a public area biotope was 5∼20%. GVZ was 1.12m$^3$/m$^2$ at Myungduk High School, and 1.78m$^3$/m$^2$ at Jeonggok Elementary School. In order to convert the urban biotope into an ecological area, green areas around the buildings should be connected to urban buffer green areas, and multi-layer structures should be established with natural plant species. In the semi-natural biotope, neighbor parks were created park in the vicinity of the natural forests. GVZ was 0.28m$^3$/m$^2$, and plantation was established with single layer structure and was definitely insufficient for the area. The urban buffer green areas have been established in strip corridors with the width of 20∼123m. In those areas, GVZ was 0.16∼0.27m$^3$/m$^2$ and had a deficient canopy layer, understory layer, and shrub layer. Soil conditions were not favorable for tree growth. In the natural biotope, GVZ of the plantation was 1.03∼1.5m$^3$/m$^2$ but the high crown closure of this area reduces the chance of species change and succession. GVZ of natural forest was 2.53∼2.57m$^3$/m$^2$. It is desirable to plant diverse plants and the natural forest should be succeeded by broad-leaf deciduous tree species. To improve the value of biotope at Kangseo-Gu, building height needs to be limited to reduce the environmental deterioration in the city. In order to maintain the water circulation system, water-permeable material is recommened when the urban surface areas are paved. The establishment of a water circulation system will improve ground water levels, soil moisture, water quality, and habitats. In order to improve biological diversity, it is desirable to have multi-layer structures in urban green areas with native species.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2002

The quality of urban environment where large population reside is becoming more vitally important than ever. Recently the city of Seoul has launched a 'green city' program converting number of city owned lots into urban parks. In this study, we first investigate four recently opened city parks with water ponds in Seoul. This study then classify these parks according to their respective designs, particularly addressing design and environmental impacts by water features. From these exercises, we derive the following interim findings: 1. Design patterns of waterscape is changing. 2. Water in the city park is a major design feature. 3. Design methodology for city parks must be studied further.