• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

Let $k={\mathbb{F}}_q(T)$ and ${\mathbb{A}}={\mathbb{F}}_q[T]$. In this paper, we obtain the the criterion for the parity of the ideal class number h(${\mathcal{O}}_K$) of the real biquadratic function field $K=k(\sqrt{P_1},\;\sqrt{P_2})$, where $P_1$, $P_2{\in}{\mathbb{A}}$ be two distinct monic primes of even degree.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.6
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• pp.104-110
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• 1995

In this paper, an effective method for the minimization of two-level Reed-muller expressions by cube selection whcih considers functional complexity is presented. In contrast to the previous methods which use Xlinking operations to join two cubes for minimizatio, the cube selection method tries to select cubes one at a time until they cover the ON-set of the given function. This method works for most benchmark circuits, but for parity-type functions it shows power performance. To solve this problem, a cost function which computes the functional complexity instead of only the size of ON-set of the function is used. Therefore the optimization is performed considering how the trun minterms are grouped together so that they can be realized by only a small number of cubes. In other words, it considers how the function is changed and how the change affects the next optimization step. Experimental results shows better performance in many cases including parity-type functions compared to pervious results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.605-617
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• 2000

Nodal transport methods are studied for the solution of two dimensional discrete-ordinates, simplified even-parity transport equation(SEP) which is known to be an approximation to the true transport equation. The polynomial expansion nodal method(PEN) and the analytic function expansion nodal method(AFEN）which have been developed for the diffusion theory are used for the solution of the discrete-ordinates form of SEP equation. Our study shows that while the PEN method in diffusion theory can directly be converted without complication, the AFEN method requires a theoretical modification due to the nonhomogeneous property of the transport equation. The numerical results show that the proposed two methods work well with the SEP transport equation with higher accuracies compared with the conventional finite difference method.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1333-1344
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• 2024

Objective: Litter size and piglet loss at birth significantly impact piglet production and are closely associated with sow parity. Understanding how these traits vary across different parities is crucial for effective herd management. This study investigates the patterns of the number of born alive piglets (NBA), number of piglet losses (NPL), and the proportion of piglet losses (PPL) at birth in Landrace sows under tropical conditions. Additionally, it aims to identify the most suitable model for describing these patterns. Methods: A dataset comprising 2,322 consecutive reproductive records from 258 Landrace sows, spanning parities from 1 to 9, was analyzed. Modeling approaches including 2nd and 3rd degree polynomial models, the Wood gamma function, and a longitudinal model were applied at the individual level to predict NBA, NPL, and PPL. The choice of the best-fitting model was determined based on the lowest mean and standard deviation of the difference between predicted and actual values, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results: Sow parity significantly influenced NBA, NPL, and PPL (p<0.0001). NBA increased until the 4th parity and then declined. In contrast, NPL and PPL decreased until the 2nd parity and then steadily increased until the 8th parity. The 2nd and 3rd degree polynomials, and longitudinal models showed no significant differences in predicting NBA, NPL, and PPL (p>0.05). The 3rd degree polynomial model had the lowest prediction standard deviation and yielded the smallest AIC and BIC. Conclusion: The 3rd degree polynomial model offers the most suitable description of NBA, NPL, and PPL patterns. It holds promise for applications in genetic evaluations to enhance litter size and reduce piglet loss at birth in sows. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for sow parity effects in swine breeding programs, particularly in tropical conditions, to optimize piglet production and sow performance.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.967-977
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• 2009

There are three standard weight functions on a linear code viz. Hamming weight, Lee weight, and Euclidean weight. Euclidean weight function is useful in connection with the lattice constructions [2] where the minimum norm of vectors in the lattice is related to the minimum Euclidean weight of the code. In this paper, we obtain an upper bound over the number of parity check digits for Euclidean weight codes detecting and correcting burst errors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.798-801
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• 2010

This paper describes an efficient architecture for LDPC(Low-Density Parity Check) decoder, which supports three block lengths (648, 1,296, 1,944) of IEEE 802.11n standard. To minimize hardware complexity, the min-sum algorithm and block-serial layered structure are adopted in DFU(Decoding Function Unit) which is a main functional block in LDPC decoder. The optimized H-ROM structure for multi block lengths reduces the ROM size by 42% as compared to the conventional method. Also, pipelined memory read/write scheme for inter-layer DFU operations is proposed for an optimized operation of LDPC decoder.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1169-1177
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• 1994

The function estimation characteristics of neural networks can be used sensor signal estimation of the nuclear power plants. In case of applying the neural network to the signal estimation of redundant sensors, it is an important problem that the redundant sensor signals used as the input signals of neural network should be validated. In this paper, we simplify the conventional parity space method in order to input the validated signal to the neural network and lso propose the sensor signal validation method, which estimates the reliable sensor output combining the neural network with the simplified parity space method. The acceptability of the proposed process variable estimation method is demonstrated by using the simulation data in safety injection accident of the nuclear power plant.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2018

Nodal transport methods are proposed for solving the simplified even-parity neutron transport (SEP) equation. These new methods are attributed to the success of existing nodal diffusion methods such as the Polynomial Expansion Nodal and the Analytic Function Expansion Nodal Methods, which are known to be very effective for solving the neutron diffusion equation. Numerical results show that the simplified even-parity transport equation is a valid approximation to the transport equation and that the two nodal methods developed in this study also work for the SEP transport equation, without conflict. Since accuracy of methods is easily increased by adding node unknowns, the proposed methods will be effective for coarse mesh calculation and this will also lead to computation efficiency.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this case reports is to report the possibility of Post-CVA voiding dysfunction treated with Gamidaejihwang-tangaggam(加味大地黃湯加減). Methods : Three patients with Post-CVA voiding dysfunction were treated by Gamidaejihwang-tanggagam. Effect of treatment is assessed as Bladder Function Parity. Results and conclusions : Bladder function parity score improved, in three case. Additional research is needed on the effects of Gamidaejihwang-tanggagam for a Post-CVA Voiding disfunction.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.351-356
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• 2022

The parity function can be implemented with XOR (exclusive-OR) and XNOR (exclusive NOR) circuit. In this paper we propose a high performance XOR-XNOR circuit. The proposed circuitreduced the internal load capacitance on critical path and implemented with 8 transistors. The circuit produces a perfect output signals for all input combinations. Compared with the previous circuits, the proposed circuit presents the improved characteristics in average propagation delay time, power dissipation, power-delay product (PDP), and energy-delay-product (EDP). The proposed circuits are implemented with standard CMOS 0.18um technology. Computer simulations using SPICE show that the proposed circuit realizes the expected logic functions and achieves a reasonable performance.