• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.979-983
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• 2013

The three-dimensional measurement method of confocal systems is a spot scanning method which has a high resolution and good illumination efficiency. However, conventional confocal systems had a weak point in that it has to perform XY axis scanning to achieve FOV (Field of View) vision through spot scanning. There are some methods to improve this problem involving the use of a galvano mirror [1], pin-hole array, etc. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method to improve a parallel mode confocal system using a micro-lens and pin-hole array in a dual microscope configuration. We made an area scan possible by using a combination MLA (Micro Lens Array) and pin-hole array, and used an objective lens to improve the light transmittance and signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, we made it possible to change the objective lens so that it is possible to select a lens considering the reflection characteristic of the measuring object and proper magnification. We did an experiment using 5X, 2.3X objective lens, and did a calibration of height using a VLSI calibration target.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1367-1373
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• 2001

This study used fowl sperm from three White Leghom rooster reared at our laboratory. Semen samples were exposed to the magnetic field strengths of from 650 to 5700 Gauss for one. two, or three days to investigate the influence of magnetic field on the orientation of fowl spermatozoa. Fowl spermatozoa were found to orient with their long axis of heads perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. The fowl spermatozoa were initially influenced when magnetic field intensities were from 650 to 5700 Gauss and the highest values (70.67, 72.49 and 71.79%) were found in the 5700 Gauss treatment at one, two, and three days exposure, respectively. Although percentages of the perpendicular oriented fowl spermatozoa increased along with the enhancement of the magnetic field intensity, the degree of orientation was only significantly higher in the treatments having the magnetic field strength from 1500 to 5700 Gauss than that in the control treatment at all exposure time. In addition, the experimental results also showed that the percentages of all orientational types of fowl spermatozoa (perpendicular category including upward perpendicular and downward perpendicular and parallel type consisting of leftward parallel and rightward parallel) in all treatments tended to be stable during exposure time. From the results of this study. it is suggested that (1) the diamagnetic anisotropy of the inside structural components of fowl spermatozoa induce them to orient perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, (2) the degree of orientation increased according to the enhancement of magnetic field strengths, (3) fowl spermatozoa had not an high sensitivity to the magnetic field, and the level of perpendicular orientation of fowl spermatozoa in this study is nearly similar to that of cattle sperm in the study of Suga et al. (2000).

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2009

본 논문은 회전형 역 진자 시스템(Rotary Inverted Pendulum System : RIPS)의 제어를 위한 Fuzzy cascade 제어구조를 제안하고 병렬유전자 알고리즘의 하나인 계층적 공정 경쟁 기반 유전자 알고리즘(Hierarchical Fair Competition-based Genetic Algorithms : HFCGA)을 이용한 최적화 방법을 제시한다. 회전형 역 진자 시스템은 Rotating arm의 회전을 통해 Pendulum의 각도를 제어하는 시스템으로써 제어 목적은 Rotating arm을 원하는 위치에 오게 하고 진자를 수직 위치의 불안정 평형 점에 위치하도록 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 회전형 역 진자 시스템의 제어를 위해 두개의 Fuzzy 제어기로 구성된 Fuzzy cascade 제어 구조를 설계하고, HFCGA를 이용하여 설계된 제어기의 파라미터를 최적화한다. 시뮬레이션 및 실험에서 SGA와 HFCGA의 성능비교를 통해 HFCGA의 우수성을 보이고, LQR 및 PD cascade 제어기와 제안된 Fuzzy cascade 제어기의 성능 비교를 통하여 제안된 방법의 우수성을 보인다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-25
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• 2009

충주지역 북서부 옥천변성대는 문주리층, 대향산규암, 향산리돌로마이트, 계명산층이 분포하고 있으며 현재까지 층서적 관계가 논란이 되고 있는 지역이다. 충주지역에 분포하는 북서부 옥천변성대에 대한 층서적 연구를 위해 충주호일대에 두 지점의 노두를 선정하여 단면에 대한 정밀기재 및 인근지역에 대한 야외조사를 실시하였다 문주리층과 대향산규암의 경계는 정이적인 변화가 인지되나 경계부는 층리면과 평행한 단층이 발달한다 대향산규암과 향산리돌로마이트는 정합적인 것으로 판단된다. 향산리돌로마이트와 계명산층은 단층을 경계로 접하고 있다. 연구지역의 북부에는 $41^{\circ}/280^{\circ}$의 습곡축을 가지는 습곡이 분포하는 것이 확인되었으며, 두 층의 경계에 발달하는 단층은 충상단층일 가능성도 있으나 습곡이 형성되는 동안 나타나는 단층일 가능성도 있다. 본 연구에서 확인된 점이적인 암상변화와 기존 연구 결과를 볼 때 경계부의 단층은 습곡이 형성되는 동안 층리면과 평행하게 발달하는 단층으로 판단된다 향산리돌로마이트와 계명산층의 경계부에 발달하는 단층은 층리면과 평행하게 발달하며, 돌로마이트가 반복적으로 나타나고 있는 점을 볼 때 충상단층으로 판단된다. 두 층이 충상단층 관계일 경우 상부의 계명산층이 문주리층 아래에 놓이게 된다. 하지만 계명산층과 문주리층은 비슷한 암상분포를 보이며, 신원생대의 절대연령을 나타내는 점을 볼 때 두 층이 동일한 층일 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각되며 충상단층에 의해 반복적으로 분포하는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 충주지역 북서부 옥천변성대의 층서는 하부로부터 계명산층/문주리층, 대향산규암, 향산리돌로마이트의 정합적 관계로 판단된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1999

Developmental morphology of the red alga, Osmundea crispa (Hollenberg) Nam from California was studied on the basis of liquid-preserved and herbarium specimens. Vegetative axial segment of the species produces two pericentral cells and one trichoblast. Spermatangial filaments (branches) are derived from apical and epidermal cells in pocket-shaped apical pit with an ostiole-like upper opening. Procarp-bearing segment of female trichoblast produces five pericentral cells, of which the fifth functions as supporting cell of carpogonial branch. Tetrasporangial production occurs in random epidermal cells in apical pit of branchlets, and two presporangial cover cells show parallel arrangement to stichidial axis. As this vegetative and reproductive development is included in the generic delineation of Osmundea Stackhouse, O. crispa among the known Osmundea species is characterized by habit forming compact cushion-like clump with angular to terete thallus. It is also distinguished from O. hybrida (AP. de Candolle) Nam without the compressed thallus by the number of pericentral cells in procarp-bearing segment and shape of spermatangial pit. Taxonomic implication of the shape of spermatangial pit is also included.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

At present, FSW(friction stir welding) process is being considered as an actual way for production of various industrial products. However FSW process involves high temperature and load on the tool during welding. These are make a difference between FSW machine and general machine tools. From this reason, development of FSW machine needs very careful consideration on stiffness of machine structure, spindle and moving axis including machine control system. In this study authors investigate on the trends of technology development of FSW machine in order to share the information for more extension of FSW technology with related researchers and engineers.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.44-46
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• 1996

Superconducting cable is using by bundling and twisting with many strands for large current capacity. As a result of the twisting, the magnetic field whose direction is parallel to a sound axis by the transport current of themselves is produced in the cable. Not only the externally exposed longitudinal field but also longitudinal component of self field make a influence on a.c loss and a.c quench current degradation. In this paper, we calculate the saturated region flowing with the critical current density in a strand in case of various twist pitch, transport current and external longitudinal field.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

The $Cu[SO_3(CH_2)_4SO_3$］ㆍ$4H_2O$ compound was synthesized. The three-dimensional structure of $Cu[SO_3(CH_2)_4SO_3$］ㆍ$4H_2O$ compound was determined. The copper atom is bridged by 4 oxygen atoms of 4 water molecules and 2 oxygen atoms of butanedisulfonate. The butyl chain in the plane of four copper atoms is oriented parallel and perpendicular to the one of plane axis, alternatively. Magnetic data indicate that this compound behaves a typical paramagnetic.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2004

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness of fuzzy solutions for the nonlinear fuzzy integro-differential equations on $E^{n}_{N}$ by using the concept of fuzzy number of dimension n whose values are normal, convex, upper semicontinuous and compactly supported surface in $E^{n}_{N}$. $E^{n}_{N}$ be the set of all fuzzy numbers in $R^{n}$ with edges having bases parallel to axis $x_1$, $x_2$, …, $x_n$.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2002

Gantry mechanisms have been widely used for precision manufacturing and material handling in electronics, nuclear, and automotive industries. Dual-drive servo mechanism is a way to increase control bandwidth, in which two primary axes aligned in parallel are synchronously driven by identical servo motors. With this mechanism, a flexible coupling (compliance mechanism) is often introduced in order to avoid the damage by the servo mismatch between the primary drives located at each side of gantry. This paper describes the design guidelines of the dual-drive servo mechanism with focus on its dynamic characteristics and control ramifications. That is, the effect on the system bandwidth which is critical on the system performance, the errors and torques exerted on guide ways in case of servo mismatch, the vibration characteristics concerned with dynamic error and settling time, and the driving force required at each axis for control are thoroughly investigated.