• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.2 s.115
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• pp.52-60
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing materials were made of wastepaper such as Korean old corrugated containers(KOCC) and Korean old newsprint (KONP) with a vacuum forming method. The plate-like cushioning materials made of KOCC and KONP respectively by vacuum forming showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and pulp mold. Even though the plate-like materials had many free voids in their fiber structure, their apparent densities (${\approx}0.1g/cm^3$) were a little higher than that of EPS (${\approx}0.03g/cm^3$) and much lower than that of pulp mold(${\approx}0.3g/cm^3$). However, the elastic moduli of the cushioning materials made of wastepaper were much lower than that of EPS or pulp mold. This finding implies that the cushioning materials made of KOCC fibers containing more lignin than KONP show better shock-absorbing properties than KONP. Moreover, the cushioning materials made of KOCC and KONP respectively showed greater porosity than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch to the cushioning materials contributed to the increase in the elastic modulus to the same level as that of EPS. Furthermore, the deterioration in fiber quality by repeated use of wastepaper played a positive role in improving shock-absorbing ability.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.181-185
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• 2013

This paper deals with the electromagnetic loss characteristics of enclosures for a 24kV high voltage switchgear by using a finite element method (FEM). A study on the electromagnetic characteristics of enclosures for a high voltage switchgear should be conducted to minimize the size and the temperature rising of a switchgear. Generally, the enclosures made by stainless steel are used to minimize the eddy current loss caused by the transporting current in Bus bars due to its non-magnetic characteristics although the price of stainless steel is expensive compared with other metal for enclosures. Therefore, a switchgear made by stainless steel enclosures could be fabricated as a small size and are applied to a switchgear in urban substations. On the contrary, the switchgear enclosures made by steel could be fabricated with relatively cheap manufacturing price. However, the temperature easily rises due to the transporting current in Bus bars because steel is a ferromagnetic material. Therefore, the size of a switchgear made by steel enclosures is relatively massive and installed in rural substations. In this paper, the electromagnetic losses in the enclosures of a switchgear according to various enclosure thicknesses are calculated and compared with each other. Especially, we proposed a hybrid type enclosures for a switchgear made by stainless steel (top and bottom enclosure) and steel (left and right enclosure). It is concluded that the cost electromagnetic performance of applying the hybrid type enclosure is favorable to develop a high voltage switchgear.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.691-702
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• 2011

Recently, several researchers have attempted to combine human visual perception and computer graphics. Cole et. al. suggest the study results in which line drawing algorithm in computer graphics characterize the properties of line drawing made by artists. The paper also evaluates CG line drawing algorithms depending on whether people recognize effectively specific 3D shape from the image made by those CG line drawing algorithms. However, human recognizes the shape of objects more effectively in image made by BRDF shading model than line drawing algorithm. It means that the shading factor is important to recognize shape with human perception. In this paper, we analyze the correlation between shading made by human artists and that made by CG shading algorithms. The study is to characterize the mathematical properties of artists' shading and CG shading. This type of analysis can guide the future development of new CG shading algorithm in computer graphics for the purpose of shape perception.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing materials were made of wastepaper such as old corrugated containers (OCC) and old newspapers (ONP) with a vacuum forming method. The plate-like cushioning materials made of OCC and ONP respectively by vacuum forming showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and pulp mold. Even though the plate-like materials had many free voids in their fiber structure, their apparent densities (${\approx}0.1g/cm^{3}$) were a little higher than that of EPS (${\approx}0.03g/cm^{3}$) and much lower than that of pulp mold (${\approx}0.3g/cm^{3}$). However, the elastic moduli of the cushioning materials made of wastepaper were much lower than that of EPS or pulp mold. This finding implies that the cushioning materials made of OCC fibers containing more lignin than ONP show better shock-absorbing properties than ONP Moreover, the cushioning materials made of OCC and ONP respectively showed greater porosity than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch to the cushioning materials contributed to an increase in the elastic modulus to the same level as that of EPS. Furthermore, the deterioration in fiber quality by repeated use of wastepaper played a great role in improving shock-absorbing ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1286-1296
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• 2007

Hanji, the korean traditional papers were mostly made from mulberry paper. But the production and demand of hanji have decreased rapidly because mulberry paper yields were insufficient and handworked hanji procedures were complicated. Recently, the researches on hanji were carried out to improve the properties of hanji. Kenaf fibers have been interested as a substitute resource of mulberry paper for hanji production. In this research, Kenai pulps were manufactured with removal methods of lignin or hemicellulose from kenaf fibers and paper mulberry pulps with traditional alkali methods. Kenaf papers, paper mulberry, and kenaf/paper mulberry mixed papers were manufactured with their pulps. The crystallinity, fiber length, color of the pulps and tensile strength, tear strength, water absorption of the papers were investigated. The results were as follow: The removal rates of lignin of chemical retted kenaf fibers with sodium chlorite reaction for 40 minutes were 70% and were higher than 40% of double retted fibers. Paper mulberry pulps has less lignin and hemicellulose than kenaf differently. The crystallinity of paper mulberry pulps were very low with 60%, but kenaf pulps were 90%. The chemical retted CR-40-1 pulps were similar with paper mulberry pulps on fiber length & fibrilation of fibers. Tensile strength of paper mulberry were higher than kenaf papers because of fibrilation of paper mulberry, but tear strength were lower. Tensile strength and tear strength were improved on kenaf/paper mulberry 30/70 mixed papers.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.121
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• pp.138-141
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• 2003

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.214
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• pp.96-101
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• 2011

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.1 s.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 1996

This study was carried on paper mulberry bast fibers, which were cut in the length of it's chip by three kinds. And they cooked by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium oxalate (AMOX), and pulping process was studied to inquire some properties of hand made papers. The results were as follows. AMOX pulps had $10\~17\%$ higher than NaOH, but amounts of the residual lignin of it's pulps and residual ash were high, and it surely can't be superior. In the freeness of pulps, AMOX pulps were higher than that of NaOH, but they showed tendency to opposite in view of relation of chip's length kinds. For the AMOX pulps, the physical characteristics test results were higher long fiber pulps than short fiber pulps. Specially, in folding endurance long fiber pulps were a very strong. NaOH pulp's physical characteristics test had shown results that were opposite of there of the AMOX pulps, if the length of the fiber is longer, the strengthts generally decreased. To get the optimum fiber's length according to use of paper and pulping method, they must be fractionate chip's length. The long fibers in NaOH pulps affected the paper quality greatly to length of chips.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.63-79
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• 2012

Modern art is getting more comprehensive and diversified regardless of genre in many forms due to the pluralism and anti-aesthetic trend of the time which is impacted by post modernism. This atmosphere is also applied to fashion illustration which creates synergy effect in cooperation with many different genres. This study selected Matisse' paper cut-out as the subject which would reflect the minimalism and ionism of modern plasticity. By taking this as the motive for fashion illustration, I made seven illustration works with the subject of minimalism of form and color. The conclusion of this study is as following. First, Matisse's paper cut out has controlled plasticity related to the modern ionism and it well fits the modern trend and sensibility which is appropriate for motive of fashion illustration. Second, by upgrading the technique of Matisse' paper cut-out in a modern way such as combination of hand drawing and computer graphic using Photoshop, I was able to make originative and creative illustration works with background and patterns that were closely connected with each other. Third, applying the fashion illustration to other various products is being well received now and I made my illustrations that could lead to follow up studies to apply the fashion illustration to other different products. Matisse' paper cut-our has forms, colors and patterns that can contain both commercial and artistic value. Therefore it is quite feasible for follow up research to apply into many different areas.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 1978

This paper discusses an application of mathematical programming techniques in the paper industry in determining optimal parent roll widths. Parent rolls are made from the reels produced at wide paper machines by slitting them to more manageable widths. The problem is finding a set of the slitting patterns that will minimize the trim loss involved in the sheeting operation. Two programming models, one linear and one mixed integer linear, are presented in this paper. Also presented are the computational experience, the model sensitivity, and the comparison of the optimal solutions with the simulated operational data.