• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

Purpose. This study was to investigate the relationship between the palpebral fissure size and the exophthalmos in a population of Korean adult women subjects with normal eye status. Methods. From November 2012 to September 2013, The authors analyzed the morphological values in 73 Korean adults population. The test was performed using the Hertel exophthalmometer and verner califer. Analysis of subjects data were recorded using the spss version 20.0 a statistical program (IBM Co, Armonk, NY USA). Results. The average age of the 73 subjects (146 eyes) was (21.219+/-0.261)mm. the average value of palpebral fissure was (25.110+/-1.646)mm in width and (8.096+/-1.464)mm in height. The average value of exophthalmos was (15.002+/-1.922)mm. There was a significant relationship(P>0.05) in the average size between the width and height in palpebral fissure. Also, there was a significant relationship(P>0.05) in the average size between the palpebral fissure width and exophthalmos. On the other hand, there was a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the average size of palpebral fissure height and exophthalmos. Conclusions: In this study, these results suggested that the palpebral fissure and exophthalmos had a significant relationship in the average value of size in Korean adult women population.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship between the palpebral fissure and the exophthalmos in an elder women population in Korea subjects with normal eye status. Methods. From November 2014 to July 2015, The author analyzed the morphological values in 81 Korean elder women population. The clinical test was performed using the Hertel exophthalometer and verner califer. Analysis of data were described using the spss 20 and Pearson's test. Results. The mean age of the 81 subjects (162 eyes) was (73.938+/8.585)mm. The mean value of palpebral fissure was (5.673+/-2.065)mm in width and (24.179+/-4.409)mm in height. The mean value of exophthalmos was (5.537+/-2.151)mm. There were a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the width and height in palpebral fissure. Also, there were a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the palpebral fissure width and exophthalmos. Also, there were a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the palpebral height width and exophthalmos. However, there were not significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the palpebral fissure width and exophthalmos in right eye. On the other hand, The relationship between right eye and left eye of the palpebral fissure and exophthalmos was similar results. Conclusions. In this study, these results suggested that the palpebral fissure and exophthalmos was a significant relationship in the mean value of morphologic characters in Korean elder women population.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

Purpose: Generally speaking, most of Korean have smaller eyes than those of Caucasian and they have epicanthus with narrow palpebral fissure. It makes external appearance looking dull because the length of the palpebral fissure is short and there is a epicanthus. In case the function of the levator muscle is weak, their eyes look much smaller. Epicanthus and weak levator muscle function make the eyes look dull. The above mentioned, authors want to introduce double eyelid operation, epicanthoplasty, levator plication to extend and lengthen the palpebral fissure. Methods: From August 2001 to August 2004, there were 138 cases that had double eyelid operation with epicanthoplasty or levator plication. the 69 cases of them had double eyelid operation and epicanthoplasty, the 33 cases of them had double eyelid operation and levator plication and the 36 cases of them had double eyelid operation and epicanthoplasty and levator plication. Results: After the operation, the length and height of the eyelid are improved remarkably, and most of the patients were satisfied. The length of the eyelid is improved 3 to 5mm($3.4{\pm}0.5mm$) in case of the epicanthoplasty, the width of the eyelid is improved 3 to 4mm($3.1{\pm}0.3mm$) by the levator plication. The length of the eyelid is improved 3 to 5($3.4{\pm}0.4mm$) and the width is improved 2 to 4mm($2.9{\pm}0.5mm$) by the epicanthoplasty used levator plication. Conclusion: The improvement of the eyelid length is almost the same as epicanthoplasty and levator plication are done simultaneously. But the improvement of the eyelid width is less shorter when epicanthoplasty and levator plication are done simultaneously than the case of levator plication alone. This is because there is a tension influencing on the limitation of widening palpebral fissure to fix the epicanthal tendon. This method is recommendable for the patients who want to have much bigger eyes.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

정상적인 1세 이상 92세까지의 한국인 1,529명을 대상으로 안검열의 길이와 폭, 상안검 접힌 거리, 외안각간 거리 그리고 쌍꺼풀의 존재를 조사하였다. 안검열의 길이는 30 mm(13.7%)가 가장 많았고 그 다음은 28mm(9.8%) 그리고 27 mm(8.8%) 순이었으며 전체의 4/5가 30mm 이하였다. 평균치를 나타낸 11~60세 집단에서 안검열 길이는 27~32mm(71.2%)이었다. 조사대상 1,443명의 안검열폭은 8 mm(28.2%)가 가장 많았고 그 다음은 9 mm(16.3%) 그리고 7 mm(15.0%) 순이었으며 5개 연령 집단의 안검열폭은 5~8 mm, 6~10 mm, 7~11 mm, 7~11 mm 그리고 5~9mm로 노화에 의해 안검열의 폭이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 상안검 접힌 거리의 평균치는 전두근의 작용이 없을 때 8~11mm로 나타났다. 외안각 간격은 10세 이하에서 77~82mm, 11세 이상 60세 이하에서 94~101 mm, 61세 이상에서는 89~95 mm 이었다. 쌍꺼풀은 조사대상자의 44%에서 존재하였으며 여자의 출현율이 남자보다 더 높았다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2016

There are many women who want larger and brighter eyes that will give a favorable impression. Surgical methods that make the eye larger and brighter include double eyelidplasty, epicanthoplasty, as well as lateral canthoplasty. Double eyelidplasty produces changes in the vertical dimension of the eyes, whereas epicanthoplasty and lateral canthoplasty create changes in the horizontal dimension of the eyes. Epicanthoplasty, a surgical procedure which enlarges the eye horizontally, is performed at the inner corner of the eye, whereas lateral canthoplasty enlarges the outer edge of the eye. In particular, if the slant of the palpebral fissure is raised and the horizontal dimension of the palpebral fissure is short, adjusting the slant of the palpebral fissure through lateral canthoplasty can achieve an enlargement of eye width and smoother features. Depending on the patient's condition, even better results can be achieved if this procedure is performed in conjunction with other procedures, such as double eyelid-plasty, epicanthoplasty, eye roll formation surgery, fat graft, and facial bone contouring surgery. In this paper, the authors will introduce in detail their surgical method for a cosmetic lateral canthoplasty that lengthens the lateral canthal angle and corrects the outer tail of the eyes, in order to ease the unfavorable impression.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-270
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• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

Purpose: Photogrammetry has been introduced as an alternative to direct measurement to obtain facial distances for a variety of anthropometric applications. The aim of this study is to establish morphological and functional value of an eye in Korean youths using specially designed computer software with digital photographic images. Methods: Authors measured anthropometry of an eye in Korean youths 1,449 individuals(622 males, 827 females) and analyzed stastically them. Results: The mean measurements are as follows. The diameter of cornea was $11.6{\pm}0.9mm$ in males and $11.3{\pm}0.9mm$ in females. The vertical dimension of palpebral fissure was $7.4{\pm}1.7mm$ in males and $8.2{\pm}1.6mm$ in females. The intercanthal width was $35.8{\pm}3.2mm$ in males and $34.4{\pm}2.9mm$ in females. The biocular width was $90.4{\pm}5.7mm$ in males and $87.4{\pm}5.3mm$ in females. The endocantion-superior margin of palpebral fissure distance was $12.7{\pm}1.4mm$ in males and $11.6{\pm}1.4mm$ in females. The horizontal dimension of palpebral fissure was $28.5{\pm}2.2mm$ in males and $27.4{\pm}1.9mm$ in females. The slant of palpebral fissure was $10.7{\pm}2.6^{\circ}$ in males and $11.3{\pm}3.0^{\circ}$ in females. The height of upper eyelid was $10.6{\pm}2.3mm$ in males and $10.7{\pm}2.3mm$ in females. The width of double fold was $2.0{\pm}0.7mm$ in males and $1.9{\pm}0.6mm$ in females. A double fold was seen in 21.9% of males and 44.9% of females. The most frequent shape of the double fold was type IV. The most common type of epicanthal fold was type III in both males and females. Conclusion: Photogrammetic measurement of large population using specially designed software could offer reliable data and these data could be useful reference for preoperative consultation, surgical planning and anthropometic study of eye.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1999

본 연구는 한국 성인 여성에 대한 외안부 형태를 조사하기 위해 시도한 것이다. 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 내안각간의 거리의 최적길이는 35-36mm이다. 그러나 18-19세는 20-25세에 비해서 폭의 범위가 넓다. 2. 검열의 최적길이는 30-31mm이다. 한편 우안과 좌안은 비슷한 결과를 가진다. 3. 검열의 최적 폭은 8mm이다. 그리고 우안과 좌안은 비슷한 결과를 가진다. 4. 근거리에서 대부분의 PD는 28-31mm(76.7%)이다. 그리고 우안과 좌안은 비슷한 결과를 가진다. 5. 원거리에서 대부분의 PD는 30-33(75.8%)mm이다. 그러나 18-21세는 우안이 좌안에 비해서 길다. 6. 우성안은 거의 우안이다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1998

나환자 111명을 대상으로 외안각 간격(IOCD), 내안각 간격(IICD), 눈꺼풀틈새 폭 (WPF) 그리고 백내장, 각각, 눈꺼풀 이상을 조사한 결론은 다음과 같다. 외안각 간격의 평균치는 낭자 89.8 mm, 여자 88.4 mm이었고, 내안각 간격은 남자 36.9 mm, 여자 35.8 mm이었으며, 눈꺼풀틈새 폭은 남자 52.9 mm, 여자 52.6 mm이었다. 연령에 따른 연화는 외안각 간격과 눈꺼풀틈새 폭이 좁아졌지만, 내안각 간격은 차이가 없었다. 나병의 눈합병증은 각막이상 37.8%, 눈꺼풀 이상 19.4% 그리고 백내장 29.7%으로 각막 병변이 주증상 이었다. 이들 중상은 남, 여 차이는 없지만 나이가 많아짐에 따라 발병빈도가 높아져 실명과 저시력 환자가 증가하였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.243-247
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• 1998

본 연구는 한국의 청소년을 대상으로 외안부의 구조를 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 내안각간의 거리에서 평균 길이는 38-40mm이나, 남성이 여성에 비해서 길다. 2 검열의 길이에서 평균은 35-37mm이며, 우안과 좌안의 결과는 비슷하였다. 그러나 남성은 여성에 비해서 길게 되었다. 3. 검열의 폭에 대해서 평균 폭은 7-8mm이며, 남성과 여성의 결과는 비슷하였다. 4. 근거리에서의 동공간 거리는 평균 29-33mm이었으나, 20대에서는 남성의 좌안은 우안에 비해서 길다. 한편 여성은 그 결과가 반대로 된다. 5. 원거리에서의 PD는 평균 31-32mm 이다. 그러나 10대에서는 남성과 여성은 비슷한 결과를 가진다. 한편 남성은 여성에 비해서 길다.