• Title/Summary/Keyword: Page Mapping

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Design and Implementation of an Efficient FTL for Large Block Flash Memory using Improved Hybrid Mapping (향상된 혼합 사상기법을 이용한 효율적인 대블록 플래시 메모리 변환계층 설계 및 구현)

  • Park, Dong-Joo;Kwak, Kyoung-Hoon
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2009

  • Flash memory is widely used as a storage medium of mobile devices such as MP3 players, cellular phones and digital cameras due to its tiny size, low power consumption and shock resistant characteristics. Currently, there are many studies to replace HDD with flash memory because of its numerous strong points. To use flash memory as a storage medium, FTL(Flash Translation Layer) is required since flash memory has erase-before-write constraints and sizes of read/write unit and erase unit are different from each other. Recently, new type of flash memory called "large block flash memory" is introduced. The large block flash memory has different physical structure and characteristics from previous flash memory. So existing FTLs are not efficiently operated on large block flash memory. In this paper, we propose an efficient FTL for large block flash memory based on FAST(Fully Associative Sector Translation) scheme and page-level mapping on data blocks.

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Utilization of Google Earth for Distribution Mapping of Cholangiocarcinoma: a Case Study in Satuek District, Buriram, Thailand

  • Rattanasing, Wannaporn;Kaewpitoon, Soraya J;Loyd, Ryan A;Rujirakul, Ratana;Yodkaw, Eakachai;Kaewpitoon, Natthawut
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.14
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    • pp.5903-5906
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    • 2015

  • Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious public health problem in the Northeast of Thailand. CCA is considered to be an incurable and rapidly lethal disease. Knowledge of the distribution of CCA patients is necessary for management strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to utilize the Geographic Information System and Google $Earth^{TM}$ for distribution mapping of cholangiocarcinoma in Satuek District, Buriram, Thailand, during a 5-year period (2008-2012). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study data were collected and reviewed from the OPD cards, definitive cases of CCA were patients who were treated in Satuek hospital and were diagnosed with CCA or ICD-10 code C22.1. CCA cases were used to analyze and calculate with ArcGIS 9.2, all of data were imported into Google Earth using the online web page www.earthpoint.us. Data were displayed at village points. Results: A total of 53 cases were diagnosed and identified as CCA. The incidence was 53.57 per 100,000 population (65.5 for males and 30.8 for females) and the majority of CCA cases were in stages IV and IIA. The average age was 67 years old. The highest attack rate was observed in Thung Wang sub-district (161.4 per 100,000 population). The map display at village points for CCA patients based on Google Earth gave a clear visual deistribution. Conclusions: CCA is still a major problem in Satuek district, Buriram province of Thailand. The Google Earth production process is very simple and easy to learn. It is suitable for the use in further development of CCA management strategies.

  • https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.14.5903 인용 PDF KSCI

Characterization of an Isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus from Raphanus sativus L. (열무에서 분리한 오이모자이크바이러스 분리주의 특성)

  • Rhee, Sun-Ju;Hong, Jin-Sung;Choi, Jang-Kyung;Kim, Eun-Ji;Lee, Gung-Pyo
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 2011

  • Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-like isolate was collected from Raphanus sativus (cv. Choon-hyang), which showed mosaic symptoms. The isolate was confirmed to a strain of CMV by host responses in Vigna unguiculata, Chenopodium amaranticolor and Gomphrena globosa, by viral genome composition with RT-PCR and PCR-RFLP, and by serological analysis. Symptom developed by the strain of CMV was severe in Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum (cv. Samsun, cv. Xanthi), Cucumis melo (cv. Early hanover), Cucumis sativus (cv. White wonder), Capsicum annuum (cv. Chung-yang and cv. Geum-top), but mild symptom was developed in Raphanus sativus (cv. Choon-hyang), Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (cv. Bul-Am No. 3), and B. juncea (cv. Daenong Jukgot). Newly isolated strain of CMV could infect diverse crops including Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Brassicaceae. We designated the new strain of CMV as Gn-CMV based on the novel infectivity of Brassicaceae. In double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis, Gn-CMV consisted of 3.3, 3.0, and 2.2 kb genomes likewise other strains of CMV. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed 28 kDa of the CMV coat protein. By restriction enzyme mapping using Cac8I, ClaI and MspI of RT-PCR products indicated that Gn-CMV belongs to CMV subgroup I.

  • https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2011.17.2.211 인용 PDF KSCI

Cloning of the Entire Gene Encoding the 140-kDa $\alpha$-Amylase of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Expression in Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis

  • Jeong, Jong-Jin;Kim, Tea-Youn;Kim, Jeong-Hwan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 1997

  • A 4.6-kb HindIII fragment encompassing the complete 140-kDa ${\alpha}$-amylase gene of Lactobacillus amylovorus B 4540 was cloned into pBR322 by the shot gun method. Southern blotting and restriction mapping for the insert were performed. The recombinant 9.0-kb plasmid, pFML1, conferred ${\alpha}$-amylase activity to E. coli and Lactococcus lactis hosts when introduced by electroporation. SDS-PAGE and zymography confirmed the production of 140-kDa ${\alpha}$-amylase and its proteolytic degradation products with enzyme activity in transformants. Total ${\alpha}$-amylase activity of E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ cells harboring pFML1 was 1.8 units and most activity was detected from cell pellets. Total enzyme activity of L. lactis subsp. lactis MG1363 transformant was five to ten-fold lower than that of E. coli cell but more than half of the activity was detected in the culture supernatant.

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Analysis and Implementation of a Web Document Converter for Wireless Internet Use XHTML On Mobile Communication Environment (이동통신환경에서 XHTML을 이용한 무선인터넷 문서변환기 분석 및 구현)

  • 백진영;이종옥;조성언;조경룡
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.105-108
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    • 2001

  • This paper is purposed in design and implement of a device which can convert XHTML documents in web-Server into WML documents when users access the web by using portable devices. Users access XHTML(so-called HTML) web page and ask for informations, this document convertor recognizes of XHTML documents structures, reconstructs into simple WML documents by using