• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 2017

In this study, the inhibitory effect of Paecilomyces tenuipes extract on PSA and angiogenesis-related factor expression levels were investigated in human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP. P. tenuipes extract significantly inhibited PSA expression in a dose-dependent manner. We also investigated the inhibitory effect of P. tenuipes extract on the expression of angiogenesis-related genes including VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. P. tenuipes extract significantly down-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner. On the contrary, P. tenuipes increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Our findings indicate that P. tenuipes exhibits an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in human prostate cancer cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the 2 week-oral toxicity of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Sprague-Dawley rats. P. sinclairii was daily administered to male and female rats for 2 weeks with different dose levels (0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1 and 5 g/kg). There were no clinical signs compared with control group, but a slight increase of white blood cell (WBC) was observed in the males rats receiving all dose levels of P. sinclairii. In biohematological analysis, the levels of glucose and cholesterol in the blood were decreased slightly in the males and females rats at doses of 0.008 or 1 g/ kg. At the all dose groups, there were no significant changes in the body weights, but autopsy findings of all organs showed reduced weights in the thymus of males in the high dose groups of 1 g/ kg and 5 g/kg. These results indicate that P. sinclairii does not induce any significant toxic effect on Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 2 weeks, but the reduced weights of thymus in males may require a further long-term investigation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.482-487
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• 2000

Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the production of exo-biopolymer from Paecilomyces japonica ws studied. Maltose, yeast extract, and potassium phosphate were the most suitable sources of carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salt, respectively, for both production of the exo-biopolymer and mycelial growth. The optimal culture conditions in a flask culture were pH 5.0, $25^{\circ}C$, and 150 rpm in a medium containing (as in g/l) 30 maltose, 6 yeast extruct, 2 polypeptone, $0.5{\;}K_3HPO_4,{\;}0.2{\;}KH_2PO_4,{\;}0.2{\;}MnSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O,{\;}0.2{\;}MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. Exo-biopolymer production and mycelial growth in the above suggested medium were significantly increased in a 2.5-1 jar fermentor, where the maximum biopolymer concentration was 8 g/l. The morphological changes of the mycelium in the submerged culture were observed within pH ranges from 4.0 to 9.0; i.e., growth of the filamentous form was optimal at culture pHs of 5.0 and 6.0, whereas pellet was formed at other pHs.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2008

An entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroceus SFP-198 was isolated in Kyungbuk province, Korea and screened out for the control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum nymphs. It showed 72.5% efficacy against second instars of T. vaporariorum nymphs at 6 days after treatment in the laboratory. To select an active ingredient for the mass production and the formulation, SFP-198 culture products were compared based on their insecticidal activities against T. vaporariorum nymphs. Among them, conidia and blastospores showed much higher insecticidal activity than supernatants. Furthermore, SFP-198 conidia were more heat-resistant than blastospores, and also powder form of conidia was more stable than their suspension form. SFP-198 conidia showed high pathogenicity on not only T. vaporariorum but also Tetranychus urticae in the glasshouse. This result suggested that SFP-198 conidia can be used as a multi-targeting biological control agent against sucking agri- cultural pests, such as whiteflies and mites.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1064-1068
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• 2007

We evaluated the effect of soybean dongchunghacho [SD, cultivated dongchunghacho fungus (Paecilomyces tenuipes) on soybeans] on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in male F344 rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups and fed a casein-based high-fat, low fiber diet without (DMH group) or with 13%(w/w) of soybean (DMH+S group), or SD (DMH+SD group). One week after beginning the diets, rats were treated weekly with DMH (30 mg/kg, s.c.) for 6 weeks; dietary treatments were continued for the entire experiment and endpoints measured at 9 weeks after the first DMH injection. SD supplementation reduced DMH-induced DNA damage in colon cells and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation. Thus, SD may have therapeutic potential for early-stage colon carcinogenesis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2009

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease that affects extracellular matrix remodeling. Recently, several studies have reported that cathepsin S is involved in obesity. Both mouse and human adipose cells produce this enzyme in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation, where it degrades fibronectin. Cathepsin S gene expression is elevated in the adipose tissue of obese mice as compared to that of lean mice. Paecilomyces tenuipes water extracts (PTW) are shown to have an inhibitory effect on cathepsin S activity. In this study, Z-Val-Val-Arg-MCA was used as a cathepsin S-specific substrate in order to examine inhibitory effect of PTW. Supplementing 3T3-L1 cell media with PTW clearly reduced lipid droplet accumulation and cathepsin S-induced adipogenesis. Furthermore, PTW decreased weight gain, subcutaneous adipose tissue growth, the level of serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice fed a high-fat diet. These data suggest that PTW work against adipose cathepsin S and presumably contribute to anti-obese activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.560-567
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• 2005

Three groups of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (designated as Fr-I, Fr-II, and Fr-III) were isolated from the culture filtrates of Paecilomyces sinclairii by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Their molecular characteristics were examined by multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) connected online to a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The weight-average molar mass of Fr-I, Fr-II, and Fr-III of EPSs were determined to be $1.540{\times}10^6,\;6.302{\times}10^4$, and $9.389{\times}10^4\;g/mol$, respectively. All three EPSs showed a fairly low polydispersity indice, ranging from 1.008 to 1.059 (nearly mono disperse behavior), and showed different carbohydrates and amino acids compositions; all fractions of EPSs consisted of mainly cystine, valine, and arginine in the protein moiety, and mainly ribose, galactose, and glucose in the carbohydrate moiety. The determination of gyration radii of the EPSs in SEC/MALLS analysis revealed the molecular shape of the Fr-I to be a rod-like structure, whereas the Fr-II and Fr-III had a random-coil structure in an aqueous solution.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.233-241
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Ssanghwa-tang extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica. Methods : To evaluate the acute toxity and safety, 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Ssanghwa-tang and fermented Ssanghwa-tang extracts were orally administered to 35 male and 35 female ICR mice. After single administration, we observed number of death, general toxicity, changes of body weight, and autopsy. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ of Ssanghwa-tang and fermented Ssanghwa-tang extracts might be over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to ICR mice.

• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.214-220
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• 2003

The fruiting body of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was collected at Mt. Mani, Ganghwa Island, Korea in September, 2001. This study was carried out to obtain the basic informations for the mycelial growth and fruiting body production of P. fumosoroseus in artificial media. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth were obtained at $25^{\circ}C$ and in the range of pH $6{\sim}9$, respectively. P. fumosoroseus showed the favorable growth on Hamada medium. The carbon and nitrogen source favorable for mycelial growth were dextrin and histidine, respectively. Optimum C/N ratio suitable for optimal growth of P. fumosoroseus was observed on the culture media adjusted to the ratio of 40:1. The mycelial growth of P. fumosoroseus was optimal on corn meal agar supplemented with 30% of silkworm pupae. The most favorable fruiting body formation of P. fumosoroseus was obtained in the medium containing unpolished rice supplemented with 20%(w/w) silk worm pupae at $25^{\circ}C$ under 100 lux.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract from Glycyrrhizae radix (GR) and ethanol extract from Glycyrrhizae radix cultured with Paecilomyces japonica mycelium (GRPM). Antimicrobial activity was measured by paper disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measurement of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. For the results of the paper disc diffusion assay, GRPM showed high antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the MIC of GRPM (100 ppm) was lower than that of GR (200 ppm) against L. monocytogenes. When the morphology of L. monocytogenes treated with GRPM was observed using a FE-SEM, the surface of cells treated with GRPM were damaged, and some parts of the cell wall were destroyed. The inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased by GRPM treatment. In conclusion, GRPM is superior to GR in terms of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.