• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2019

In this study, reflecting long-term climate characteristics, we analyzed electricity generation and generation characteristics of 3kWp PV system, which was semi-integrated with air duct behind. Using PVsyst as a simulation analysis tool, we inputted "National reference standard weather data" of 16 regions as a typical climatic data. The result is summarized as follows: First, the national average annual electricity generation was 1,312 kWh/kWp (StDev, ${\sigma}=71$). It was most abundant in Mokpo with 1,434 kWh/kWp, which was average 21% greater than the lowest with 1,165 kWh/kWp in Seoul and 1,197 kWh/kWp in Jeju. National average daily generating time based on STC was 3.6 hours (${\sigma}=0.43$), and that of Mokpo and Seoul was 3.9 and 3.2 hours respectively. Second, Jeju showed the great difference of annual monthly generation by month (annual average = 99.7 kWh/kWp, ${\sigma}=25.5$), while Jinju showed the smallest difference (annual average = 115.5 kWh/kWp, ${\sigma}=10.6$). Generation in Jeju was at the largest in April with 132.2 kWh/kWp, which was 2.3 times greater than the lowest 55.2 kWh/kWp in January. However, generation in Jinju was at the largest in March with 129.3 kWh/kWp, which was only 1.3 times greater than the lowest 101.1 kWh/kWp in June. Third, the annual average PR was the highest in Incheon with 85.8% and the lowest in Jeju with 83.2%. PR of Mokpo was 84.3%, which was lower than that of national average.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.35.1-35.1
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• 2011

New photovoltaic (PV) materials and manufacturing approaches are needed for meeting the demand for lower-cost solar cells. The prototypal thin-film photovoltaic absorbers (CdTe and $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$) can achieve solar conversion efficiencies of up to 20% and are now commercially available, but the presence of toxic (Cd,Se) and expensive elemental components (In, Te) is a real issue as the demand for photovoltaics rapidly increases. To overcome these limitations, there has been substantial interest in developing viable alternative materials, such as $Cu_2ZnSnS_4$ (CZTS) is an emerging solar absorber that is structurally similar to CIGS, but contains only earth abundant, non-toxic elements and has a near optimal direct band gap energy of 1.4~1.6 ev and a large absorption coefficient of ${\sim}10^4\;cm^{-1}$. The CZTS absorber layers are grown and investigated by various fabrication methods, such as thermal evaporation, e-beam evaporation with a post sulfurization, sputtering, non-vacuum sol-gel, pulsed laser, spray-pyrolysis method and electrodeposition technique. In the present work, we report an alternative method for large area deposition of CZTS thin films that is potentially high throughput and inexpensive when used to produce monolithically integrated solar panel modules. Specifically, we have developed an aqueous chemical approach based on chemical bath deposition (CBD) with a subsequent sulfurization heat treatment. Samples produced by our method were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, absorbance and photoluminescence. The results show that this inexpensive and relatively benign process produces thin films of CZTS exhibiting uniform composition, kesterite crystal structure, and good optical properties. A preliminary solar cell device was fabricated to demonstrate rectifying and photovoltaic behavior.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.227-237
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• 1998

HgCdTe Is the most versatile material for the developing infrared devices. Not like III-V compound semiconductors or silicon-based photo-detecting materials, HgCdTe has unique characteristics such as adjustable bandgap, very high electron mobility, and large difference between electron and hole mobilities. Many research groups have been interested in this material since early 70's, but mainly due to its thermodynamic difficulties for preparing materials, no single growth technique is appreciated as a standard growth technique in this research field. Solid state recrystallization(SSR), travelling heater method(THM), and Bridgman growth are major techniques used to grow bulk HgCdTe material. Materials with high quality and purity can be grown using these bulk growth techniques, however, due to the large separation between solidus and liquidus line on the phase diagram, it is very difficult to grow large materials with minimun defects. Various epitaxial growth techniques were adopted to get large area HgCdTe and among them liquid phase epitaxy(LPE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD), and molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) are most frequently used techniques. There are also various types of photo-detectors utilizing HgCdTe materials, and photovoltaic and photoconductive devices are most interested types of detectors up to these days. For the larger may detectors, photovoltaic devices have some advantages over power-requiring photoconductive devices. In this paper we reported the main results on the HgCdTe growing and characterization including LPE and MOCVD, device fabrication and its characteristics such as single element and linear array($8{\times}1$ PC, $128{\times}1$ PV and 4120{\times}1$ PC). Also we included the results of the dewar manufacturing, assembling, and optical and environmental test of the detectors.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

There have distinctly been no the installation criteria and maintenance management of BIPV systems, although the BIPV market is consistently going on increasing. In addition, consideration of the BIPV generation quantity which has been installed at several diverse places is currently almost behind within region in Korea. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to evaluate the BIPV generation and to be base data of reducing rate depending on regional installation angles using PVpro which was verified by measured data. Various conditions were an angle of inclination and azimuth under six major cities: Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan, Gwangju, Jeju-si for the BIPV system generation analysis. As the results, Seoul showed the lowest BIPV generation: 1,054kWh/kWp.year, and Jeju-si have 5percent more generation: 1,108.0kWh/kWp.year than Seoul on horizontal plane. Gwangju and Daejeon turned out to have similar generation of result, and Busan showed the highest generation: 1,193.5kWh/kWp.year, which was increased by over 13percent from Seoul on horizontal plane. Another result, decreasing rate of BIPV generation depending on regional included angle indicate that the best position was located on azimuth: $0^{\circ}$(The south side) following the horizontal position(an angle of inclination: $30^{\circ}$). And the direction on a south vertical position(azimuth: $0^{\circ}$, an angle of inclination: $90^{\circ}$) then turned out reducing rate about 40percent compared with the best one. Therefore, these results would be used to identify the installation angle of the BIPV module as an appropriate position.

• 식물병연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2001

복숭아 수확 후 보르도액의 살포효과를 구명하기 위하여 미백도 품종에 대해 9월 중순부터 1∼3회 살포한 후 이듬해 5월부터 세균성구멍병 이병율을 조사하였을 때, 보르도액 살포에 의한 방제효과는 살포횟수가 많을수록 높게 나타났다. 복숭아 수확기인 8월 상순의 경우 잎에서는 무처리구의 27.4%∼38.1%에 비해 보르도액 살포구에서는 9.7%∼31.8%의 이병율로 16.5%∼64.6%의 방제가를 보였고, 과실에서도 잎에서와 비슷한 경향이었는데 무처리구의 17.2%∼21.6%에 비해 41.9%∼70.9%의 방제가를 나타내었다. 보르도액 살포로 인한 약해는 6-6식 보르도액에서 2정도의 약해를 나타내었고, 4-12식 및 4-8식 보르도액에서는 약해가 없었으며, 복숭아 품종간에는 차이를 보이지 않은 경향이었다.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 1995년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.185-198
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• 1995

This is an experimental study conducted to visualize the nucleate boiling phenomena and flow regimes occurring inside the liquid pool in a closed two-phase thermosyphon. To meet this purpose, an annular-type thermosyphon was designed and manufactured using a glass tube and a stainless steel tube, being assembled axisymmetrically. The heat to be supplied to the working fluid is generated within a very thin layer of stainless steel tube wall by applying a high frequency electromagnetic field through the induction coil, axisymmetrically set around the evaporator zone. Some important results were as follows ; 1) Considering the structural complexity of the tested thermosyphon, it showed good performance for the range of heat flux 2＜ q" ＜25kW/$m^2$ and saturation vapor pressure, 0.1＜Pv＜1.1bar 2) different type of nucleating boiling regimes were observed as described below, -Pulse boiling regime : Flow pattern changed cyclically with time during 1 cycle of pulse boiling process. The onset of Nucleation was followed by expulsive growing of vapor bubble, resulting in the so called blow-up phenomenon, massive expulsion of large amount of liquid around the bubble. -Transient : Some spherical vapor bobbles were observed growing out from 2~3 nucleating sites, that was dispersed at the lower part of the heated tube wall in the liquid pool. But the rest upper region above the nucleating sites were filled with churns or bubbles of vapor. -Continuous nucleate boiling regime : The whole zone of evaporator was filled with lots of spherical vapor bubbles, and the bubbles showed tendency to decrease in diameter as the heat flux increased.ased.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.646-651
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• 1995

순수 물질 수용액의 표면장력치 측정과 JND를 통한 맛 관능 분석에 의해 쓴 맛 물질의 표면 장력과 쓴 맛 간의 상관성을 연구한 결과, 모든 쓴 맛 물질 수용액은 용액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 표면 장력이 감소되어 Szyszkowski 방정식과 Techplot program으로 표면 장력 감소 곡선을 수학적으로 나타낼 수 있었고 또한 관능 분석에 의한 JND 맛 곡선도 같은 방법으로 묘사하여 상호 비교됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 측정된 모든 쓴 맛 성분들에 대하여 표면 장력 곡선으로부터 상수 a, b 값을, 맛 곡선으로부터 상수 A, B 값을 계산하여 쓴 맛 인지역치 $log\;C_{1}$과 평형 상수 b 값 간의 음의 상관 관계식을 구하였다. 또한 쓴 맛 인지역치 농도 $log\;C_{1}$과 기계적인 측정치로 산출된 parameter들의 상관성을 PV-wave 프로그램을 이용해서 3차원적으로 비교한 $log\;C_{1}$/a/b와 $log\;C_{1}$/A/B간의 상관관계는 주목할 만하며 이는 용액과 기체간의 계면 system에서의 계면 흡착 모델이 구강 내에서의 조직과 용액 간의 관능적 모델에도 적용됨을 나타내며 나아가 표면장력치의 측정이, 신경자극 전달 측정을 위한 Beidler의 이론과 Szyszkowski 방정식을 이용하여 쓴 맛을 기계적으로 측정하는 독립적인 방법을 개발하는데 응용될 수 있음을 시사해 준다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5 and Xa21) were developed in japonica rice using Suweon345 as genetic background. NILs were selected by gene specific DNA markers and inoculation of K1 or K3a race. NILs conferring Xa4 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and moderately resistant to K3a. NILs conferring xa5 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and K3a. NILs having Xa21 were susceptible to K1, while resistant to K2, K3 and K3a. Target genes of NILs with the genetic background of Suweon345 were also confirmed by using eleven Philippines races and International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) NILs carrying Xa4, xa5 and Xa21. All NILs had no significant difference from their recurrent parents in the major agronomic traits except for panicle length and brown rice 1,000 grain weight. Heading date of NILs ranged from Aug. 10 to Aug. 11, which was similar to that of recurrent parent, Suweon345. Culm length, number of grains per panicle and ratio of ripened grain of NILs were similar to those of Suweon345. Milled rice of NILs was ranged from 4.82 to 4.93MT/ha. These NILs will be useful for improving resistance to K3a race of bacterial blight pathogens in Korean japonica cultivars.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2007

한국 4균주와 일본 3균주에 대한 진성 저항성 유전자가 단일 혹은 복수로 집적되어 있는 근동질 저항성 유전자계통의 생육시기별 저항성 반응을 검정한 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 유묘기때, 단일 진성저항성 유전자를 갖는 근동질 유전자 계통들은 한국 균주 $K_1$균주에 대해 대부분 저항성 반응을 보인 반면, $K_2,\;K_3$ 및 $K_{3a}$는 이병성 반응을 보이는 계통들이 많았다. IRBB5(xa5)만이 4균주 모두에 대해 고도의 저항성을 보였다. 한편, 일본 균주 접종에 대한 반응도 한국 균주의 반응과 유사하였다. 2. 최고분얼기때, 근동질 유전자 계통들의 $K_1,\;K_{3a}$ 균주에 대한 반응은 유묘기와 유사하였으며, $K_2,\;K_3$ 균주에 대해서는 유묘기와 비교하여 중도저항성 및 저항성으로 반응하였다. 일본의 RaceI, II 균주는 대부분의 근동질 유전자 계통들이 유묘기 보다 저항성 정도가 증대 되었으나, RaceIII균주는 감수성으로 반응하였다. 모든 균주에 고도의 저항성을 보인 계통은 IRBB205(xa5), IRBB207(Xa7)이었다. 3. 출수기때, Xa1, xa8, Xa10을 보유한 계통들은 $K_2$균주에 이병성으로 반응하였지만, 다른 근동질 유전자 계통들은 $K_1,\;K_2$ 및 $K_3$ 균주에 대해 고도의 저항성 반응을 보였다. 이에 반해, $K_{3a}$는 Xa1, Xa2, Xa3, xa8, Xa10, Xa11 및 xa13을 보유한 계통을 가해하였다. 일본의 RaceI, II, III 균주는 최고분얼기때의 반응과 유사하였다. xa5를 갖는 IRBB5, IRBB105 및 IRBB205 계통은 모든 검정균주에 대해 저항성으로 반응하였다. 4. 2개 이상의 진성 저항성 유전자를 갖는 계통들은 벼 생육시기 전 과정에서 벼흰잎마름병균에 대해 저항성 정도가 현저하게 증가되었다. 결론적으로, 저항성의 안정화를 위해서는 Xa4, xa5, Xa7 등의 유전자의 집적이 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2004

순환식 양액재배시 계면활성제가 무기이온 흡수 증진에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 상추의 생육, 광합성율, 증산율 및 무기이온 함량을 분석하였다. 상추 생육은 $0.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ PVA-95처리에서 가장 높았으며, l/2배액에서 재배된 상추의 생육도 양호하였다. 칼슘 함량이 증가된 $0.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ CLS 처리의 상추는 생육이 낮음에도 불구하고 높은 증산율과 광합성율 및 엽내 카리, 칼슘 및 마그네슘 함량이 높았다. 따라서 높은 생육량과 비료 절감 효과가 인정된 PVA-95 처리와 CLS 처리에 의한 엽내 무기 성분 함량 증가가 인정됨에 따라 수경재배 상추의 고품질 생산에 유용하게 사용 가능하리라고 판단된다.