• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2015

This paper presents a novel harmony search (HS)-based data-driven single input rule modules (SIRMs)-connected fuzzy inference system (FIS) for the prediction of stress in externally prestressed tendon. The proposed method attempts to extract causal relationship of a system from an input-output pairs of data even without knowing the complete physical knowledge of the system. The monotonicity property is then exploited as an additional qualitative information to obtain a meaningful SIRMs-connected FIS model. This method is then validated using results from test data of the literature. Several parameters, such as initial tendon depth to beam ratio; deviators spacing to the initial tendon depth ratio; and distance of a concentrated load from the nearest support to the effective beam span are considered. A computer simulation for estimating the stress increase in externally prestressed tendon, ${\Delta}f_{ps}$, is then reported. The contributions of this paper is two folds; (i) it contributes towards a new monotonicity-preserving data-driven FIS model in fuzzy modeling and (ii) it provides a novel solution for estimating the ${\Delta}f_{ps}$ even without a complete physical knowledge of unbonded tendons.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Persicae Semen (PS) in ICR mice. Methods : Aqueous extracts of PS (Yield = 18.60%) were administered as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines (2009-116, 2009). Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. Results : Amygdalin contents in PS aqueous extracts were detected as $32.50{\pm}5.96{\mu}g/ml$. We could not find any PS extracts treatment related mortalities, clinical signs, changes on the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological observations up to 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male mice, except for transient and slight loss of locomotion detected in female and male mice treated with 2,000 mg/kg. In addition, pharmacological immunomodulatory effects related findings were also demonstrated in 2,000mg/kg treated female and male mice as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in the submandibular lymph nodes. Conclusions : Based on the results of this experiment, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of PS extracts after single oral treatment in female and male mice were considered above 2,000 mg/kg, respectively. It should be carefully used in clinics because the possibilities of respiratory or neurological disorders were observed when administered over 2,000 mg/kg of PS extract related to amygdalin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2012

The microalgae, Microcystis aeruginosa are able to proliferate in a wide range of freshwater ecosystem. M. aeruginosa was cultivated in 25 L and 240 L race-way reactor containing modified medium with added urea 0.2 g/L, increased $Fe^{+2}$, and decreased $Ca^{+2}$ion compared to BG11 medium. Sugar contents of M. aeruginosa grown in BG11 medium, and modified medium were 120 mg/mL and 140 mg/mL respectively. Fermentation was conducted with the extract of M. aeruginosa at $30^{\circ}C$ for 30 h, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), Pichia stipitis (Ps), Zymomonas mobilis (Zm), and mixed-culture of these strains (Sc + Ps + Zm). Pichia stipitis (0.7%) was found to be more suitable for producing bioalcohol from M. aeruginosa extract than other strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.45%) and Zymomonas mobilis (0.61%), while mixed-cultured of these strains showed higest productivity by 1.75%. Biomass of M. aeruginosa contains the potency to be the most renewable resource for bioalcohol fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.619-623
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• 1989

The cultural condition of Pseudomonas mendocina for polysaccharide production was examined. The optimal medium contains following composition per liter of distilled water: Sucrose 23.75g, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 1.57g, Yeast extract 0.5g, $KH_2PO_4\;2.9g,\;MgSO_4.\;7H_2O\;1.0g,\;CaCO_3$ 2.5g. The optimum temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6.5. At the condition. Ps mendocina produced 5.98g/l of polysaccharide. The culture viscosity after 3 days was 191mPa.s at $70sec^{-1}$. The product yield $(Y_{p/s})$ and specific productivity $(Q_p)$ were 25.18% and 32.83mg/g-cell/h.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.318-323
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• 2005

The leaves (KPL) of Kalopanax pictus (KP) are used as a vegetable or a functional food in Korean society. The stem bark (Kalopanacis Cortex, KPS) has been traditionally used to treat neurotic pain, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic disease. This research was undertaken to demonstrate that the leaf extract of KP (KPL) has also the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects like the extract (KPS) of Kalopanacis Cortex and to compare the activity levels of several extracts obtained from KP. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects were measured against the extracts described as followings; KPL-1 (the MeOH extract obtained from the leaf shoot of KP collected on May), KPL-2 (the MeOH extract from KP collected on June), KPL-3 (the MeOH ectract from KP with no thorns), KPS-1 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Korean habitat), KPS-2 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Chinese habitat). The antimociceptive test undertaken by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate-, and tail-flick methods using mice. The anti-inflammatory test was also undertaken by measuring the edema in the carrageenan-induced test. The order of activity potency in the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory assays was commonly shown as followings: KPL-3>KPS>1>KPS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. This order was also observed in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test. The antiinflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced assay was also observed as the following order: KPL-3>KPS- 1>PS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. In addition, adjuvant-induced rats were used for a model to assess the oxidative stress. Treatment of the rat with the extracts reduced serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxy radical(OH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity caused by FCA together together with the inhibition of hepatic TBARS level and lipofuscin content. The above finding suggests that the leaf extract has the antinociceptive and antinflammatory activity. It is also suggested that KPL-3 with more potent activity than other tested extracts could be developed for a new available biomaterial.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.492-498
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• 2015

As the integration of circuit components increases steadily, various EMS(Electromagnetic Susceptibility) problems have emerged from integrated circuits and electrical systems. The electromagnetic susceptibility of VCOs(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) is especially critical in RF systems. Therefore, in this paper, through the phase noise theory that models electrical oscillators as linear time variant systems, the EMS characteristics of representative VCO -ring VCO and LC VCO- with 1.2 GHz of reference oscillating frequency are analyzed under the existence of the electromagnetic noise coupled in power supply. An simulation algorithm is developed to extract impulse response function based on the phase noise theory. When there is no supply noise, the magnitude of the jitter of two oscillators were similar to around 2.1 ps, but in presence of supply noise, the jitter was significantly lower in LC VCOs than ring VCOs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

Background: Owing to its high efficiency in lipid and protein production, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered one of most important crops world-wide. The kernels of peanuts are undoubtedly the most important product this plant, whereas the skin is almost completely neglected in nutraceutical terms. However, peanut skin contains potentially health-promoting phenolics and dietary fiber, and there is considerable potential for commercial exploitation. In this study, we evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of an extract of peanut skin (PS). Methods and Results: The α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of 80% ethanol extracts of peanut (A. hypogaea L. 'Sinpalkwang') skin were evaluated and found to have a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 1.2 ㎍/㎖. Progress curves for enzyme reactions were recorded spectrophotometrically, and the inhibition kinetics revealed time-dependent inhibition with enzyme isomerization. Furthermore, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry, we identified 26 compounds in the peanut skin extract, namely, catechin, epicatechin, and 24 proanthocyanidins. Conclusions: The results suggest that peanut skin can be utilized as an effective source of α-glucosidase inhibition in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.562-570
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• 2019

To develop natural-tasting fish paste from the pufferfish Lagocephalus wheeleri, steamed pufferfish paste (SPP) was prepared and its optimal processing conditions, quality metrics, and shelf-life characteristics were examined. SPP was produced by thawing golden threadfin Nemipterus virgatus surimi (FA grade), then adding 10% unwashed pufferfish surimi (PS), 1.5% salt, 8.0% wheat starch, 0.25% calcium carbonate, 0.25% sugar, 0.75% sorbitol, 0.25% polyphosphate, and 12.0% pufferfish hot-water extract (Brix 10°). The meat was ground with a Stephan mixer, molded at low temperature (18℃, 10 h), vacuum packed in a laminated plastic film bag, heat treated with hot water (95℃, 50 min), and cooled. As the amount of PS added increased, the whiteness, gel strength, and shear strength of the SPP decreased slightly. However, the SPP folding test showed no deterioration in the texture. In the sensory evaluation, the SPP received a higher rating for taste, smell, and overall taste than commercial Japanese pufferfish Kamaboko. The total amino acid content of the SPP was 10,262.6 mg/100 g; the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, and arginine. The free amino acid content was 133.0 mg/100 g; the major amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, and lysine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2002

Using Streptomyces sp. YU100 isolated from Korean soil, the fermentative production of phospholipase D was attempted along with its purification and characterization studies. When different carbon and nitrogen sources were supplemented in the culture medium, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the best. By varying the concentration of nutrients and calcium carbonate, the optimal culture medium was determined as 2.0% glucose, 1.5% yeast extract, 0.5% tryptone 0.3% calcium carbonate. During cultivation, the strain secreted most of the phospholipase D in the early stage of growth within 24 h. The phospholipase D produced in the culture broth exhibited hydrolytic activity as well as transphosphatidylation activity on lecithin (phosphatidylcholine). In particular, the culture broth showed 8.7 units/ml of hydrolytic activity when cultivated at $28^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 days. The phospholipase D was purified using 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, which produced a major band of 57 kDa on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel with purity higher than 80%. The enzyme showed an optimal pH of 7 in hydrolytic reaction, and at pH 4 in a transphosphatidylation reaction. The enzyme activity increased until the reaction temperature was elevated to $60^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was relatively stable at high temperatures and neutral pH, but significantly unstable in the alkaline range. Among the detergents tested as emulsifiers of phospholipids, the highest enzyme activity was observed when 1.5% Triton X-100 was employed. However, no inhibitory effect by metal ions was detected. Under optimized reaction conditions, the purified enzyme not only completely decomposed PC to phosphatidic acid within 1 h, but also exhibited higher than 80% conversion rate of PC to PS by transphosphatidylation within 4 h.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

This case report documents a case in which the administration of an herbal product, an extract of the lacquer tree, Rhus verniciflua Stokes was related with a prolonged survival in a elderly advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patient. A 79-year-old man who had been diagnosed with advanced NSCLC refused conventional therapy and treatment with the allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes(aRVS) had continued from September 2007 to July 2010. He had survived for 35 months after the administration of aRVS and maintained good performance status with European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS) of 1. This case suggests that aRVS be alternative treatment for the elderly advanced NSCLC patients.