• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제35권
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• pp.362-393
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• 2006

이 논문의 목적은 제3자 효과 지각에 초점을 맞춰 효과의 강도에 영향을 미치는 변인으로서의 쟁점에 대한 관여도와 수용자와 지각대상자의 관계를 조사하여 이를 통해 제3자 효과 지각의 근본 과정을 이해하는 것이다. 이 연구에 사용된 자료는 미국 중서부의 오하오주에 거주하는 성인 남녀를 대상으로 2003년에 실시된 전화설문조사를 통해 얻어졌다(n=524). 대부분의 제3자 효과 연구에서와 마찬가지로 이 연구의 결과는 제3자 효과 가설을 지지했다. 응답자들은 미디어의 흡연자에 대한 부정적 묘사와 천주교 신부의 성추문 뉴스보도의 두 경우 모두에 있어 미디어의 효과가 자신들보다는 타인에게서 더 크게 나타날 것이라 예상했다. 그러나 제시된 5개의 연구 가설 모두가 지지되지는 않았다. 연구가설 검증 결과를 종합해 보면, 특정한 지각대상자와 메시지의 관계가 분명할 경우 수용자의 미디어 효과 예상은 동기적 요소보다는 인지적 요소에 의해 결정될 가능성이 크다. 이 경우 사회적 거리는 무시되고 쟁점에 대한 관여도와 같은 지각대상자 고유의 특성이 중요시 되며 수용자의 관여도는 인지적 요소에 의한 제3자 효과 지각의 강화와 긍정적인 상관관계를 가진다. 이 결과는, 수용자나 지각대상자가 메시지와 잠재적인 연관성을 지닐 경우, 제3자 효과 지각은 그러한 연관성이 어떠한 방식으로 현저화되는가에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 제3자 효과 지각이 프라이밍 효과 또는 틀 짓기 효과와 관련될 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) ${\times}$ 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid $5^{\circ}C$ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was $5^{\circ}C$, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in $GA_3$ 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

• 인지과학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.243-274
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• 2009

단어재인에 영향을 미치는 세 변인으로 연상, 단어 사용빈도, 심상성을 들 수 있다. 본 연구는 심상성이 단어재인에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 심상성의 효과를 설명하는 두 가지 이론(이중 부호화 이론, 맥락 가용성 모델)을 검증하고자 하였다. 대학생 실험 참가자에게 연상 강도와 심상성을 통제한 단어 쌍을 제시하고 어휘판단 과제를 수행하게 하였다. 세 실험에서 과제의 점화자극 제시시간을 각각 달리하여 점화자극 제시시간에 따라 변화하는 두 변인의 효과 및 상호작용 효과를 관찰하였다. 점화자극 제시시간이 가장 짧은(20ms) 실험 1에서는 심상성의 주효과만 통계적으로 유의미 하였으며, 연상 강도가 영향을 미치지 못한 단어재인의 초기시점부터 심상성의 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다. 실험 2에서는 점화자극 제시시간을 50ms로 하였다. 결과, 연상 강도의 주효과와, 심상성의 주 효과, 두 변인의 상호작용 효과가 모두 관찰되었다. 실험 3에서는 점화자극을 비교적 길게(450ms) 제시하였다. 결과, 연상 강도의 주효과만 유의미하게 나타났다. 세 실험에서 모두 전반적으로 이중 부호화 이론의 설명과 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 이중 부호화 이론의 경우 독립적으로 나타나는 심상성의 효과(예: 실험 1, 2)만을 설명하고 있으며, 맥락 가용성 모델은 독립적으로 나타나는 의미맥락의 효과(예: 실험 3)만을 설명하고 있다. 따라서 두 변인이 단어재인에 미치는 시간적 맥락과 그 영향의 크기를 적절히 고려한 통합된 이론이 요구된다는 점을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.854-863
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• 1990

Since the open heart surgery was performed, various kinds of problem concerning the extracorporeal circulation[EGG] have been known. The author investigated the changes of serum potassium ion before and after ECC among the 102 patients including 63 adults and 39 children who underwent open heart surgery from April 19S6 to February 1990 in Chung-Ang University Hospital. The mean values of potassium ion before and after ECC were analyzed according to the influencing factors such as priming solution, aortic cross clamping time, the underlying disease, the type of oxygenator and the amount of cardioplegic solution. The results were as follows: l. In the aspect of congenital and acquired heart disease groups, the mean values of serum potassium ion[Mean\ulcornerS.D.] before and after ECC revealed a significant change only in the acquired heart disease group[congenital; 3.87$\pm$0.48mEq /L vs. 4.05$\pm$0.73mEq /L, P>0.05, acquired: 4.40 $\pm$0.98mEq /L vs. 4.11$\pm$0.52mEq /L, P<0.05]. Between the two groups, the changes of the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC were significant[P<0.05]. But all values were within normal limits. 2. In the aspect of the aortic cross clamping time[ACCT], in the groups of less or more than 120 minutes, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC revealed no significant change[less than 120 min; 3.97+-0.64mEq /L vs. 3.99+0.67mEq /L, P>0.05, more than 120 min; 4.34+0.82mEq /L vs. 4.27+0.62mEq /L, P>0.05], and The changes of mean values of serum potassium ion between the two groups were not significant[P>0.05]. 3. In both membrane and bubble oxygenator groups, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC did not reveal a significant difference respectively [membrane; 4.74 +1.40mEq /L vs. 4.28+0.3lmEq /L, P>0.05, bubble; 4.02 +0.60mEq /L vs. 4.05 L0.68mEq/L, P>0.05], and no differences between the membrane and bubble oxygenator groups[P >0.05]. 4. In the groups of membrane and bubble oxygenator in the cases of ACCT more than 120 minutes, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC did not reveal a significant difference respectively[membrane; 4.36$\pm$0.85mEq /L vs. 4.37$\pm$0.26mEq /L, P>0.05, bubble; 4.30 $\pm$0.80mEq/L vs. 4.23$\pm$0.67mEq/L, P>0.05], and no differences between the two groups[P>0.05]. 5. In spite of increased amount of cold potassium cardioplegic solution, the mean values of serum potassium ion before ECC were similar to those of serum potassium ion after ECC[less than 20ml /kg

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2016

Background: Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) can induce alterations in blood viscoelasticity and cause red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of pump flow pulsatility on blood viscoelasticity and RBC aggregation. Methods: Mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: a nonpulsatile pump group (n=6) or a pulsatile pump group (n=6). After ECC was started at a pump flow rate of 80 mL/kg/min, cardiac fibrillation was induced. Blood sampling was performed before and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after ECC commencement. To eliminate bias induced by hematocrit and plasma, all blood samples were adjusted to a hematocrit of 45% using baseline plasma. Blood viscoelasticity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, arterial blood gas analysis, central venous $O_2$ saturation, and lactate were measured. Results: The blood viscosity and aggregation index decreased abruptly 1 hour after ECC and then remained low during ECC in both groups, but blood elasticity did not change during ECC. Blood viscosity, blood elasticity, plasma viscosity, and the aggregation index were not significantly different in the groups at any time. Hematocrit decreased abruptly 1 hour after ECC in both groups due to dilution by the priming solution used. Conclusion: After ECC, blood viscoelasticity and RBC aggregation were not different in the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups in the adult dog model. Furthermore, pulsatile flow did not have a more harmful effect on blood viscoelasticity or RBC aggregation than nonpulsatile flow.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2003

Background: CTLA4 (CD152), which is expressed on the surface of T cells following activation, has a much higher affinity for B7 molecules comparing to CD28, and is a negative regulator of T cell activation. In contrast to stimulating and agonistic capabilities of monoclonal antibodies specific to CTLA-4, CTLA4Ig fusion protein appears to act as CD28 antagonist and inhibits in vitro and in vivo T cell priming in variety of immunological conditions. We've set out to confirm whether inhibition of the CD28-B7 costimulatory response using a soluble form of human CTLA4Ig fusion protein would lead to persistent inhibition of alloreactive T cell activation. Methods: We have used CHO-$dhfr^-$ cell-line to produce CTLA4Ig fusion protein. After serum free culture of transfected cell line we purified this recombinant molecule by using protein A column. To confirm characterization of fusion protein, we carried out a series of Western blot, SDS-PAGE and silver staining analyses. We have also investigated the efficacy of CTLA4Ig in vitro such as mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) & cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and in vivo such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), graft versus host disease (GVHD) and skin-graft whether this fusion protein could inhibit alloreactive T cell activation and lead to immunosuppression of activated T cell. Results: In vitro assay, CTLA4Ig fusion protein inhibited immune response in T cell-specific manner: 1) Human CTLA4Ig inhibited allogeneic stimulation in murine MLR; 2) CTLA4Ig prevented the specific killing activity of CTL. In vivo assay, human CTLA4Ig revealed the capacities to induce alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in mouse model: 1) GVHD was efficiently blocked by dose-dependent manner; 2) Clinical score of EAE was significantly decreased compared to nomal control; 3) The time of skin-graft rejection was not different between CTLA4Ig treated and control group. Conclusion: Human CTLA4Ig suppress the T cell-mediated immune response and efficiently inhibit the EAE, GVHD in mouse model. The mechanism of T cell suppression by human CTLA4Ig fusion protein may be originated from the suppression of activity of cytotoxic T cell. Human CTLA4Ig could not suppress the rejection in mouse skin-graft, this finding suggests that other mechanism except the suppression of cytotoxic T cell may exist on the suppression of graft rejection.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2015

플라즈마 디스플레이 패널의 각 부화면 시간동안 기입 방전의 지연시간을 각각 조사하였고 오방전이 발생하지 않는 범위내에서 추가 주사전압의 높이를 다르게 인가하여 모든 부화면 시간동안 기입방전 지연시간을 단축시키기 위한 수정된 구동방법을 제시한다. AC PDP에서 첫번째 초기화 기간 동안 주사전극에 높은 상승 경사파 전압을 인가하여 약한 플라즈마 방전이 발생하고 셀 내부에서 프라이밍 입자와 벽전하 생성을 유도한다. 생성된 벽전하는 셀 내부 벽전압이 되므로 기입기간 중 기입전압과 더해져서 기입 방전을 일으킨다. 그러나 셀 내부의 벽전하는 시간이 지나면서 점차 소멸되므로 1 TV 프레임 시간 동안 각 부화면 시간동안 기입방전은 늦게 발생한다. 첫 번째 부화면 시간에는 초기화 기간 동안 상승 경사파를 갖는 높은 전압에 의해 벽전하가 많이 남아 있으므로 첫 번째 기입 방전은 다른 부화면 시간보다 빠르게 형성된다. 한편, 두 번째부터 마지막 부화면 시간까지의 기입 방전 생성시간은 셀 내의 벽전하 소멸에 의하여 점차적으로 늦어진다. 본 연구에서는 각 부화면 시간동안 기입방전의 시간지연을 조사하였고, 부화면 시간의 기입기간 마다 추가 주사전압을 다르게 인가하여 전체 기입방전지연시간을 단축시켰다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2003

Background: One of the important factors in the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B patient is the degree of replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). It has been known that HBV DNA polymerase plays the essential role in the replication of HBV. HBV DNA polymerase is composed of four domains, TP (Terminal protein), spacer, RT (Reverse transcriptase) and RNaseH. Among these domains, tyrosine, the $65^{th}$ residue of TP is an important residue in protein-priming reaction that initiates reverse transcription. If monoclonal antibody that recognizes around tyrosine residue were selected, it could be applied to further study of HBV replication. Methods: To produce TP-specific scFv (single-chain Fv) by phage display, mice were immunized using synthetic TP-peptide contains $57{\sim}80^{th}$ amino acid residues of TP domain. After isolation of mRNA of heavy-variable region ($V_H$) and light-chain variable region ($V_L$) from the spleen of the immunized mouse, DNA of $V_H$ and $V_L$ were obtained by RT-PCR and joined by a DNA linker encoding peptide (Gly4Ser)3 as a scFv DNA fragments. ScFv DNA fragments were cloned into a phagemid vector. scFv was expressed in E.coli TG1 as a fusion protein with E tag and phage gIII. To select the scFv that has specific affinity to TP-peptide from the phage-antibody library, we used two cycles of panning and colony lift assay. Results: The TP-peptide-specific scFv was isolated by selection process using TP-peptide as an antigen. Selected scFv had 30 kDa of protein size and its nucleotide sequences were analyzed. Indirect- and competitive-ELISA revealed that the selected scFv specifically recognized both TP-peptide and the HBV DNA polymerase. Conclusion: The scFv that recognizes the TP domain of the HBV DNA polymerase was isolated by phage display.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2018

도시재생 뉴딜사업 대상지 68곳이 선정되면서 마중물 사업을 통해 지역 이해관계자들이 계획과 관리, 실행을 함께 '지속적으로' 진행할 수 있는 장을 마련하여, 사업 이후에도 지속적인 지역관리가 될 수 있도록 유도하고 있다. 본 연구는 '지속가능한 도시재생'을 위한 활용수단으로서 사회-실험적인 임시점유 시설로서 컨테이너의 활용특성을 분석하는데 목적을 둔다. 공공부문의 임시점유시설로서 컨테이너 활용 프로젝트들에 대한 도시재생 측면의 한계를 밝히고 본질적 의미와 효용성에서 접근한 컨테이너 활용 도시재생의 방향을 설정하기 위한 것이다. 10가지 요소를 국내사례 3개와 와이와이 프로젝트를 비교했을 때, 국내사례는 단순히 트랜드, 경관 및 분위기에 집중하고 있는 한계를 갖고 있으며 운영 프로그램도 단순한 상업 또는 작업공간 센터로서 기존 건축물과 차별성이 없다. 지속가능한 도시재생을 위한 사회-실험적 컨테이너 건축 활용방식을 위한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계획주체와 운영주체가 일치되어야 한다. 주체가 상이할 경우, 계획주체의 직접적인 관여가 운영부분의 부재 시 결국 상업성만을 추구하는 편협한 시도에 그치게 된다. 둘째, 한 부지에 대해 활용 용도의 다양화와 집합 분리와 그리고 여러 차례의 실험적 컨테이너의 계획이 필요하다. 셋째, 상업적 성격이 강한 용도를 수용할 경우 도시재생의 방향 및 후속사업과 연속성이 저하될 수밖에 없다. 즉, 단순한 소비나 홍보만의 기능이 아닌 보다 사회-실험적 공공활동이 포함되어야 하며, 이를 통해 추후 공공사업에 반영될 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the quality of seeds, the germination rates and the days required for germination, to examine the patterns of protein expressions during the germination and to improve the techniques of managing and storing seeds and viability of the seeds of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. After collecting and harvesting seeds, they were classified to white and brown colors of seed coat through testing their seed size, weight, and quality. The germination rates, the days required for germination, and the protein expressions were examined with different colors of seed coats, storing temperatures and durations by treating the different plant growth regulators and primings. One hundred seed weight of white color was heavier about 1.17 g than those of brown one about 0.81 g. The germination rates in white color of seed coat was higher, 3.05 ~ 5.75%, than those in brown one. Its rates were decreased with getting longer in storage durations. There was no big differences on germination rates between storage temperatures. The plant growth regulator of $GA_3$ and Kinetin was affected to improve the seed germination. $GA_3$ increased the seed germination clearly at 25 ppm level, while kinetin increased it gradually from 25 to 100 ppm levels. In germination by seed primings, PEG6000 made higher germination rate with increasing their levels, whereas $KNO_3$ increased the germination until 100 mM level and then decreased it with 200 mM unlike PEG6000. The protein expressed during the seed germination were appeared more and clearer bands in the seed after germination, especially 20 ~ 30 kDa, compared to those in the seed before germination. These results showing more and clearer bands were positively related to the germination rates which were different by seed colors, storage temperatures and durations, and plant growth regulators and primings.