• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.209-214
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends in post-occupancy evaluation and to identify its Improvement strategy. Also this study suggests historical development of domestic researches on POE and current discussions to POE in architectural fields. The results were as follows. In Korea, 55 papers on POE method were published from 1990 to 2010. In the 1990s, with the introduction of POE method, researches focused on its potential or limitations and presented the barriers to the adoption of POE. In the 2000s, POE researches mainly were apartments evaluation researches by residents' satisfaction. Designers and construct companies feel it is necessary to perform POE, indeed it is difficult to find POE researchers and utilize POE data. Nevertheless, some of them have performed POE of their building and got feedback from residents. In conclusion, it is necessary to minimize the barriers to adoption of POE and to develop its potential. Therefore, it should be performed POE by stakeholders and POE data would be provided a variety of types. Furthermore, POE certification system should be designed at the government level. Basically, POE courses must be included in the architectural curriculum.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in post-occupancy evaluation and to explore Improvement Directions. Also this study investigated historical development of domestic POE researches and current discussions to POE in architecture and interior design fields. The results were as follows. For the purpose of this study, 55 articles from 3 journals were selected and analyzed. 55 articles analyzing POE methodology and applying POE method were published from 1990 to 2010. In the 1990s, studies on introduction of POE method, potential and limitation were conducted. In the 2000s, the research theme showed the study for evaluation of apartment measuring the residents satisfaction. Gathering the opinions of designers and people in architecture field, they have recognized the need to perform POE, indeed it has been difficult to find POE researchers and utilized POE data. Nevertheless, some of them have performed POE of their building and got feedback from residents. In conclusion, to apply POE method and develop its potential, it is necessary to minimize the barriers. It should Therefore, be performed POE by stakeholders who are designers, builders and residents and POE data would be provided a variety of types. Furthermore, POE certification system should be designed at the government level and basically, POE courses must be included in the architectural curriculum.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-41
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• 1992

A new and unique class of nonionic surfactants was synthesized by reacting biological a-tocopherol with ethylene oxide for functional cosmetics. The structures were confirmed by Hl-UMR, FT-lR, TLC and elemental analysis. POV and conjugated diene value study for EPO showed POE(n)TE had antioxidative effect similar to tocopheryl acetate Protective effect on cell membrane in photohemolysis of POE(5)TE, POE(10)TE and POE(18)TE were slightly lower than tocopherol but higher than nonoxynol-12, and POE(10)TE had UV absorption power comparable with tocopherol and homosalate. Biological activity of the hydrophobic group of the new surfactants make them unique and different from those of conventional nonionic surfactants Systematic safety evaluations of POE(n)TEs on the skin and eye proved that they are as safe as tocopherol. The results of physicochemical study showed POE(10)TE had the lowest CMC value, POE(18)TE had the maximum surface tension reduction and the highest foam volume and POE(n)TEs had various HLB values by the degree of ethoxylation. The test resul Is of technological and practical applications of these surfactants for cosmetics showed some POE(n)TEs were superior to conventional surfactants. POE(5)TE in W/O emulsions, POE(10)TE and POE(12)TE in O/W emulsions, POE(12)TE in dispersions, POE(18)TE in solubilizations and POE(50)TE in gelations were shown to be excellent which was considered due to the structural characteristic and formation of liquid crystals of POE(n)TEs. By the development and applications of these excel lent multi-functional surfactants, innovative functional cosmetics were successfully formulated.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2019

자전거 프레임 및 산업 부품과 같은 다양한 산업 분야에 PETG 열가소성 복합 재료를 적용하려면 제조 된 복합 재료의 내충격성, 내구성, 기계적 특성 및 3D 분석을 안정성 검증이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 비정질 수지인 PETG 수지의 기계적 특성, 내구성 및 내충격성을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 질량분율의 POE(폴리올레핀 엘라스토머)를 보강하여 화합물 및 사출 성형 공정을 수행 하였다. POE질량분율에 따른 PETG 열가소성 복합재의 열적 및 기계적 특성 및 샤르피 충격 강도 등에 대한 분석을 수행 하였다. 열적 및 기계적 특성 분석 결과, POE 소재가 첨가 된 PETG 열가소성 복합재의 경우 열적 및 기계적 특성이 감소하는 경향이 있지만 내충격성이 우수한 경향을 나타내었고, POE첨가에 따른 3D 전산해석 결과, 파손여부 없이 우수한 안정성을 나타내었다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to see the influences of POE science class that emphasizes explanation on science research ability, motivation of science class as well as scientific attitude of elementary students. The results drawn from this analysis were as below. Firstly, positive relationship was found between science research ability and POE science class was shown among research group. This shows that science research ability was improved as POE science class encouraged the research activities of students. It indicates that POE science class emphasizing explanation is effective in improving science research ability of students. Secondly, positive relationship was found between motivation of science class and POE science class among research group and this means that POE science class that emphasizes explanation stimulates intellectual curiosity of students and improves their attitude by actively promoting research activities. Thirdly, there was a positive relationship between scientific attitude and POE science class among research group. This presents that POE science class emphasizing explanation is effective in improving students' attitude toward science by promoting research activities. Above results show that POE science class emphasizing explanation is highly effective for elementary students. It is considered that scientific writing, discussion and debate classes have positive influences on research ability, motivation of science class and scientific attitude of elementary students. Thus, it is needed to apply POE science class to current science class as it can promote wider scientific activities among students.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1999

Semi-solid poly(ortho esters) (POE) were prepared to provide bioerodible carriers for sustained drug delivery systems of nifedipine in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. As the POE has viscous behavior at room temperature, a significant advantage of this polymer is that it can be injected without any surgical intervention. The POE was synthesized by a transesterification reaction between 1,2,6-hexanetriol and trimethyl orthoacetate and the nifedipine release from POE was studied in vitro. The release rate of nifedipine decreased with increasing the amount of nifedipine and the diethanolamine dispersed in the polymer. But the excess amounts, above 3%, of diethanolamine retarded the release of nifedipine. In vivo biocompatibility studies were carried out in rats with nifedipine loaded POE. Histopathological analysis showed that nifedipine loaded POE implants were well-tolerated by rats when used subcutaneously. In case of the rats implanted POE containing diethanolamine, tissue necrosis and inflammation were occured. Pharmacokinetic studies of nifedipine loaded POE implants were carried out in rabbits. In all cases, plasma concentrations of nifedipine were maintained over 15 ng/ml for at least 360 hours and biological half $life(t_{1/2})$ and mean residence time(MRT) were increased by addition of diethanolamine.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2001

Recently, the quality of residential space is emphasized much more than ever. This is caused by various changes of social environment. Those users, i.e. the occupants, seemed very sensitive to any changes of their environment. Therefore many producers (construction companies) need to be concentrated on the occupant's needs, and try to apply those needs to their design of products(apartments). This study aims to design the POE(Post Occupancy Evaluation) categorization methodology with QFD application. Therefore QFD performed to produce much tailored occupant's needs as a transformation of technically processed value. For this purpose, categories were experimented for a pilot project of POE. As a result, it showed a possibility and need of accuracy and maturity for the design of POE in its categorization.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1999

Semi-solid poly(ortho esters) (POE) were prepared to provide bioerodible carriers for sustained drug delivery systems of naloxone (NLX) in the treatment of narcotic addiction. As the POE have viscous behavior at room temperature, a significant advantage of this polymer is that it can be injected without any surgical intervention. The POE was synthesized by a transesterification reaction between 1,2,6-hexanetriol and trimethyl orthoacetate, and the structure of the polymer was confirmed by IR. The in vitro release of the drug from POE was studied. The release rate of NLX decreased with increasing intrinsic viscosities of the polymer. In vivo biocompatibility studies were carried out in rats with NLX loaded POE. Histopathological analysis showed that NLX implants are well-tolerated by rats when used subcutaneously. Pharmacokinetic studies of POE-NLX implants of two different viscosities were carried out in rabbits. In all cases, plasma concentrations of NLX were maintained over 1 ng/ml for at least 168 hours, but initial burst effect was observed. Mean residence time(MRT) was found to depend on the viscosity of the polymer.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory effects of steamed Polygonatum odoratum extract (POE) on insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells, L6 cells.Methods : Polygonatum odoratum (P. odoratum) extract was extracted with ethyl acetate. Activity of α-glucosidase in POE was measured for blood glucose regulation. MTT assay was examined for cell toxicity. Western blot analysis for measurement of adiponectine, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) and phosphorylation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt) expressions were performed. Akt signaling pathway were analyzed with LY294002, which is a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor.Results : The results revealed that POE inhibited α-glucosidase activity. Treatment of POE in L6 cells inhibited the differentiation of L6 cells compared to those of vehicl control. Additionally, protein expressions of adiponectine, PPARγ, IRS and Glut-4 were significantly regulated compared to those of vehicle control (p < 0.05), respectively. Futhermore, phosphorylation of Akt was increased in L6 cells treated with POE compared to that of vehicle control (p < 0.05). pAkt expression was significantly accentuated with Akt inhibitor (LY294002).Conclusions : These results suggest that POE may have potential as a natural agent for prevention/improvement of diabetes, especially, regulation of blood glucose. Therefore, further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• 교육시설
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2001

The study is a Post-Occupancy-Evaluation on newly constructed steel framed school buildings sponsored by POSCO, and presents alternative tactics for planning and programming for the kind of project. The schools in concern are Seowha Primary School(Incheon city) and Galma Primary School(Daejeon city) which were completed in February 1999 and since occupied. The POE-2000 study results had to be compared to the POE-1999 which dealt on Jigog Primary School(Pohang city) and Iwol Primary School(Jincheon township) to develop an improved project tactics. In this reason we had to use the same questionnaire forms envisaged by the former study, ie. POE-1999. To begin with the same study format, it might be appropriate to differentiate whether a 'satisfaction' comes from the 'steel framed construction' or from the 'newly built environment'. However it was difficult with the POE-1999. As the intention to compare the 4 school building were the firstly achieved objective of this study that we had to continue to apply the same format and the analysis procedure. Except this condition, everything the POE-1999 conducted were valuable to this POE-2000. The satisfaction survey form includes 36 questions for individual items and 2 questions for general items.