• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.465-477
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• 2023

In this paper, the concepts of soft PMS-algebras, soft PMS-subalgebras, soft PMS-ideals, and idealistic soft PMS-algebras are introduced, and their properties are studied. The restricted intersection, the extended intersection, union, AND operation, and the cartesian product of soft PMS-algebras, soft PMS-subalgebras, soft PMS-ideals, and idealistic soft PMS-algebras are established. Moreover, the homomorphic image and homomorphic pre-image of soft PMS-algebras are also studied.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.443-458
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• 2022

In this paper, we apply the concept of intuitionistic Q-fuzzy set to PMS-algebras. We study the concept of intuitionistic Q-fuzzy PMS-ideals of PMS-algebras and investigate some related properties of intuitionistic Q-fuzzy PMS-ideals of PMS-algebras. We provide the relationship between an intuitionistic Q-fuzzy PMS-subalgebra and an intuitionistic Q-fuzzy PMS-ideal of a PMS-algebra. We establish a condition for an intuitionistic Q-fuzzy set in a PMS-algebra to be an intuitionistic Q-fuzzy PMS-ideal of a PMS-algebra. Characterizations of intuitionistic Q-fuzzy PMS-ideals of PMS-algebras in terms of their level sets are given.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.563-576
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• 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy PMS-subalgebra of a PMS-algebra. The idea of level subsets of an intuitionistic fuzzy PMS-subalgebra of a PMS-algebra is introduced. The relation between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their level sets in a PMS-algebra is examined, and some interesting results are obtained.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is a collection of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms related to a women's menstrual cycle. The symptoms are related with Autonomic Nervous system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity of Autonomic Nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome(PMS) by using Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods: We studied 26 patients visiting ㅇㅇ hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. Activity of Autonomic Nervous system was assesed by means of Heart Rate Variability(HRV). The subjects were categorized in two groups, PMS group(10) and non-PMS group(16). We studied the difference of HRV between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: SDNN of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. RMS-SD of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. Mean PR of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. TP, VLF, LF, HF norm of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. HF of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. LF norm, LF/HF ratio of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. Conclusion: The results suggest that PMS can be related to decreased activity of parasympathetic nervous system. HRV can be useful to diagnose PMS. The more studies to diagnose PMS would be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2020

Adverse impact of Particulate Matters(PM10, PM2.5; PMs) significantly affects daily lives. Major countermeasures for reducing concentration of PMs were focused on emission source without considering spatial difference of PMs concentration. Thus, this study analyzed spatial·temporal distribution of PMs with observation data as well as potential contributing factors on PMs concentration. The annual average concentration of PMs have been decreased while the particulate matter warnings and alerts were significantly increased in 2018. The average concentration of PMs in spring and winter was higher than the other seasons. Also, the spatial distribution of PMs were also showed seasonality while concentration of PMs were higher in Seoul-metropolitan areas in all seasons. Climate variables, emission source, spatial structure and potential PM sinks were selected major factors which could affects on ambient concentrations of PMs. This paper suggest that countermeasures for mitigating PM concentration should consider characteristics of area. Climatic variables(temperature, pressure, wind speed etc.) affects concentrations of PMs. The effects of spatial structure of cities(terrain, ventilation corridor) and biological sinks(green infrastructure, urban forests) on concentration of PMs should be analyzed in further studies. Also, seasonality of PMs concentration should be considered for establishing effective countermeasures to reduce ambient PMs concentration.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.2 no.4 s.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2000

PMS(Pavement Management System) has been developed and/or operated for the freeway and national highway systems in Korea. There is, however, no municipal PMS that is necessary in many cities for efficient management of their roadways. In this study, a municipal Prototype PMS is developed. The Prototype PMS is designed to be operated on PC base. It uses GIS interface for user friendliness that applies color graphics, text and distress pictures to display pavement conditions and rehabilitation information for both current and historical situations. The computer program of the prototype PMS consists of four major functions(inquiry, analysis, data management, and print). Especially, prioritization and M&R(Maintenance and Rehabilitation) alternative selection procedure is designed to be flexible so that the users can modify the decision criteria whenever it is necessary. Database items of the Prototype PMS is carefully selected for the objectives and size of municipal PMS. Reference point method is basically used for the location referencing in the Database. The unit section consists of each loom segment of the road for effective management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1164-1174
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a PMS nutritional education program for college nursing students. Method: Subjects consisted of nursing students(experimental group: 19, control group: 27). The experimental group participated in a PMS nutritional education program for 8 weeks (including group and individual involvement). Data was collected before and after the education, and measurement tools were premenstrual symptoms, PMS knowledge, and self health behavior. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in PMS knowledge(Z=6.32, p=.000) and self health behavior(t=3.00, p=.004) compared to the control group. After the intervention the experimental group showed a significant increase in PMS knowledge(Z=-4.64, p=.000) and self health behavior(t=-3.04, p=.005) than before the intervention. Conclusions: These results suggest that the short term effects of a PMS nutritional education program for nursing students was proven useful and the program should be applied to PMS nutrition education for PMS clients as well as health professionals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.363-369
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• 1996

PMS(Pavement Management System) is the effective and efficient decision making system to provide pavements in an acceptable condition at the lowest life-cycle cost. As the highway system become larger, the necessity of the PMS in increasing. As of December 1995, the 3rd stage of PMS project was completed. The accomplishment of the research work can be itemized to the followings : $\bullet$ Calibration of PMS submodules (1) Pavement Condition Evaluation Model (2) Pavement Distress Prediction Model (3) Pavement Performance Prediction Mode (4) Selection of Pavement Rehabilitation Criteria (5) Optimization Technique for PMS Economic Analysis $\bullet$ Development of Computer Program to Implement PMS Logic $\bullet$ A Study to Implement the Automized Pavement Condition Survey Equipment to PMS $\bullet$ PMS Test Run $\bullet$ Development of PMS Operation Guideline $\bullet$ The 2nd Pavement Condition Survey for Long-Term Pavement Performance Monitoring.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 1985

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the adrenal function on the reproductive organs in immature rats treated with PMS. Two hundred and ten female rats (Wistar-Imamichi albino rats) of 21 days old (body weight : $58.7{\pm}3.53g$) were disposed in the intact rat group (Int.-) and adrenalectomized rat group (Adx.-) and then each group was devided into 3 subgroups, such as control (-Cont.), PMS treated (-PMS) was administered subcutaneously with 25 IU PMS, and and PMS cortisol treated groups (-PMS+Corti.) with 25 IU PMS and $30.0{\mu}g$ cortisol on 5 th day (aged 26 days old) after adrenalectomy, while the control groups with physiological salt solution by the same way. The reprodutive organs were observed at 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 78 and 84 hours after hormone treatments. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The measurments of time average ovary weight in all treated groups were increased with the elapse of time after treatment, and the difference among the treatments was significant (p<0.01) in the all observation time. But the difference of those was not recognized in Int.-Cont. and Adx.-Cont. groups. In the multiple range test. ovary weight of adrenalectomized rat groups (Adx.-PMS and Adx.-PMS+Corti. groups) was significantly (p<0.05) lighter than those of intact rat groups (Int.-PMS and Int.-PMS+Corti. groups), and the effect of cortisol administration was not reconized. 2. The difference of uterus weight was significantly reconized (p<0.01) in all observation time. The weight in Int.-PMS and Int.-PMS+Corti. groups was heavier until 66 hours after treatment, but the values in the adrenalectomized Adx.-PMS and Adx.-PMS+Corti. groups were heavier after 72 hours. The multiple range test showed that the significant difference was not found between Int.-PMS and Int.-PMS+Corti. groups, and Adx.-PMS and Adx.-PMS+Corti. groups. 3. The adrenal weight was not significantly different among the compared groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.118-121
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• 1998

We present an early result of a research for formalization of the characteristics and effectiveness of manufacturing performance measurement systems (PMS). Recently manufacturing PMS has been a focus of broad research efforts due to its practical role playing in managers' decision making process. There have been so many suggestive researches that explain the troubles with old cost accounting-based PMS and describe the desirable properties of PMS in strategic management of manufacturing operations. The lack of empirical investigation in this area, however, has left us unsure about what are the real characteristics that distinguish one PMS from another. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework that can be used to describe the environment, in which a specific PMS works, the characteristic and the utilization variables of a PMS. Then we report the result of a field survey, where we found three distinctive characteristics of a PMS, contents, vertical integration, and horizontal integration. Further, we discuss the relationships of the variables with the utilization of PMS, manufacturing strategy, manufacturing improvement programs, and business performance.