• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1015-1019
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• 2006

The peptide with structural similarity to mammalian substance P (M-SP) has been isolated from extract of the body of the African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, using the rectum of the newt as the bioassay system. The primary structure of the SP-related peptide was identified as Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Asp-Gln-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 (L-SP) and contained four substitutions ($Lys^{1}\rightarrow $ Arg, $Arg^{3}\rightarrow$ Lys, $Asp^{5}\rightarrow$ Gln, and $Tyr^{8}\rightarrow$ Phe) compared with M-SP; this structure is identical to that of the peptide isolated from the gut of the Australian lungfish. Circular dichroism spectra showed that L-SP had an unordered structure in the buffer solution and phospholipid bilayers. This peptide was found to have an excitatory effect on rectal muscle tissues of newt, quail, and fish. L-SP also had a more potent vasodilatory effect on the guinea-pig aorta than that of M-SP. The identification of the peptide provides evidence that SP family, hitherto confined to mammals, have a widespread occurrence in lungfish.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2001

Xylose (glucose) isomerase was purified to homogeneity from cell-extracts of Streptomyces chibaensis J-59 via ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The purified enzyme is a homotetramer with a native molecular mass of 180 kDa and a subunit molecular mass of 44 kDa. The amino acid N-terminal sequence of glucose isomerase from S. chibaensis J-59 was determined to be Ser-Tyr-Gln-Pro-Thr-Pro-Glu-Asp-Arg-Phe-Thr-Phe-Gly-Leu. The first 14 amino acids of the N-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed strong analogies with N-terminal sequences of glucose isomerase produced by other Streptomyces spp. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were 7.5 and 85, respectively. The purified enzyme required $Mg^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$ for the activity, $Mg^{2+}$ being the most effective. The enzyme was not inhibited by $Ca^{2+}$, but was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$, $Ag^+$, and $Cu^{2+}$. The $K_m$, $V_{max}$, and $k_{cat}$ values of S. chibaensis J-59 isomerase for glucose were 83 mM, 40.9 U/mg, and $1,843min^{-1}$, respectively. In the presence of $Co^{2+}$, cell-free enzymes retained 100% without loss of activities by the heat-treatment at $70^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The enzyme retained 50% residual activity after heating at $85^{\circ}C$ for 13.5 h, at $90^{\circ}C$ for 126 min. The enzyme is more thermostable than any other glucose isomerases of Streptomyces spp.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1995

The putative totipotency germ cells has a relative abundance of alkaline phosphatases. Thus, histological staining of AP activity offers a new route to isolate totipotent cells and also provides insights into culture systems of these cells. Furthermore, the AP staining technique is simple and fast, requires only the napthol AS/MS substrate in combination with trapping diazonium salts such as fast red or fast blue. However, our unexpected finding was that AP staining of mouse ES cells were detected in the undifferentiaed epiblast-derived cells as well as several types of differentiating cells. This findings are different from results of Talbot et al. (1993) reported usefulness of the AP staining and implies that histological staining of AP may not by useful to determine undifferentiaed state or totipotency of ES cells. Thus, we have investigated the patterns of AP expression by RT-PCR in order to identify a marker of undifferentiated ES/primordial germ (PG) cells. In RT-PCR analysis, embryonic (E)-AP was detected only in undifferentiated ES cells, but intestinal(I)-AP was not detected in all of the examined ES and PG cells. In addition, nonspecific (NS)-AP wasdetected in undifferentiated PG cell from day 7, 5 to 13 of gestation. Histological activity of AP in ES cells was completely suppressed by addition of L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-homoarginine (Har), and L-phenylalanylglycylglycine (PheGlyGly) as an inhibitor, but RT-PCR showed the same results as in the absence of an inhibitors. Our findings suggested that expression of E-AP and NS-AP may use as a marker to determine the undifferentiated status in ES and PG cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1981

The effect of sesame of L-lysine HCI and sesame supplementing a wheat flour diet on growth, liver lilpid content, and on the free amino acid levels in the plasma and liver was studied in young male rats with an initial body weight of $75{\pm}3g$. The free amino acids were analyzed by amino acid auto analyzer (JLC - 6HA, NO. 310). The results were as follows. The body weitht gain on L-lysine HCI and sesame supplemented diet was more than weight in the sesame added diet or wheat flour diet groups. Also the liver lipid contents of rats on a wheat flour diet supplemented with L-lysine HCI and sesame showed greater increases than the levels in rats on the wheat flour diets. The rate of liver lipid accumulation was depressed in rats fed L-lysine HCI supplemented wheat flour containing sesame than in rats fed soybean oil or shortening oil instead of sesame. The free phe. Tyr. Leu. Ileu. Val. Lys. levels in the plasma of rats administered the wheat flour diets supplemented with 0.25% L-lysine HCI were higher than those of rats without L-lysine HCI. The free phe. Tyr. Asp. His. Lys. contained in the liver were increased, but other free amino acids were decreased according to the L-lysine HCI amount.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The effects of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) using a pressure bio-feedback unit (PBFU) were compared to the effects of a pelvic belt (PB) on the muscle activities of the hip and back extensor muscles during hip extension in the prone position. Fifteen healthy male participants all performed prone hip extensions under three conditions: 1) preferred hip extension (PHE), 2) performing an ADIM, and 3) using a PB. The muscle activities of the erector spinae, the gluteus maximus, and the medial hamstring on the right side were recorded by surface electromyography. The muscle activity of the erector spinae was significantly lower while performing an ADIM during prone hip extension than during PHE or with a PB (p<.05). Gluteus maximus muscle activity was significantly higher while performing an ADIM (p<.05). No significant difference was found for the medial hamstring muscle among the three conditions (p>.05). We concluded that the internal stabilization of the pelvis and lumbar spine afforded by the ADIM using a PBFU could be more effective than the external stabilization provided by a PB in terms of increasing selectively gluteus maximus activation during prone hip extension.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

In this study, we cloned the ERF-B3 subfamily transcription factor gene BnaERF-B3-hy15 from Brassica napus L. Huyou15. This 600 bp gene encodes a 199 amino acid classic ethylene responsive factor (ERF), which shown no binding or very weak binding GCC box-binding activity by the yeast one-hybrid assay. We used gene shuffling and the yeast one-hybrid system to obtain three mutated sequences that can bind to the GCC box. Sequence analysis indicated that two residues, Gly156 in the AP2 domain and Phe62 at the N-terminal domain were mutated to arginine and serine, respectively. Changes of Gly156 to arginine and Phe62 to serine increased the GCC-binding activity of BnaERF-B3-hy15 and the alter of Gly156 to arginine changed the AP2-domain structure of BnaERF-B3-hy15.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.370-373
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• 2011

Citrin deficiency caused by the SLC25A13 gene mutations is associated with both neonatal-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2), also known as neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency and adult-onset CTLN2. Neonatal-onset CTLN2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poor growth, intrahepatic cholestasis, and increased serum citrulline. A 16-days old infant with hyperammonemia was referred for evaluation of increased plasma citrulline diagnosed using tandem mass spectrometry. Blood amino acid analysis showed significant elevation of citrulline. Mild elevation in serum galactose levels had been found. DNA analysis of the SLC25A13 gene in this patient showed two novel compound heterozygous mutations, c.221C>T in exon4 and c.1645C in exon16 (p.[Ser74Phe]+[Gln549X]). We suggest that infants with a high serum citrulline level on a tandem mass screening test are candidates for gene analysis and blood amino acid analysis for neonatal-onset CTLN2.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 1998

The change of amino acids was analysed with cotyledons and roots of young spring radish by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion and $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA. The concentration of Asp was decreased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion, but Ala, Phe, Val, Ile, Typ, Lys and Arg was increased in the cotyledons. The concentration of Lys and Arg was decreased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA at the same time. The concentration of basic amino acids, His, Lys and Arg was increased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion, and decreased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion and $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA in the roots. Only the concentration of Pro was increased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA. This results showed that Pro was induced against stress of PA, and assumed that the change of other amino acids concentration may be relation to the metabolism against stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.2008-2014
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• 2011

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C ($5-HT_{2C}$) receptor belongs to class A amine subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) super family and its ligands has therapeutic promise as anti-depressant and -obesity agents. So far, bovine rhodopsin from class A opsin subfamily was the mostly used X-ray crystal template to model this receptor. Here, we explained homology model using beta 2 adrenergic receptor (${\beta}$2AR), the model was energetically minimized and validated by flexible ligand docking with known agonists and antagonists. In the active site Asp134, Ser138 of transmembrane 3 (TM3), Arg195 of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and Tyr358 of TM7 were found as important residues to interact with agonists. In addition to these, V208 of ECL2 and N351 of TM7 was found to interact with antagonists. Several conserved residues including Trp324, Phe327 and Phe328 were also found to contribute hydrophobic interaction. The predicted ligand binding mode is in good agreement with published mutagenesis and homology model data. This new template derived homology model can be useful for further virtual screening based lead identification.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.441-446
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• 1994

Seven commercial soybean paste were tested for ACE inhibition effect. In purification of ACE inhibitor from No. 2 soybean paste, acetone fraction $(50{\sim}80%)$ had 57% protein yield with 92.8% ACE inhibition effect. Inhibitor was purified from acetone fraction of soybean paste by Sephadex G-25, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatography and HPLC. $IC_{50}$ value of the purified inhibitor was 0.6 mg/ml. The inhibitor showed the competitive inhibition patterns on ACE. Amino acid analysis showed that the peptides consist of Ala, Phe, Leu, Glu, Gly, Ser, and Asp.