• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of hip and thigh muscle activities between subjects with increased and decreased femoral anteversion during stair ascent. Twelve healthy female volunteers participated in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups (group 1 with increased anteversion of the hip, group 2 with decreased anteversion of the hip). This study analyzed differences in each mean peak gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GD) and tensor fascia lata (TLF) EMG amplitude: composite mean peak hip muscles (GM, GD, TFL) EMG amplitude ratios and in each mean peak vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (HM) and semitendinosus (HL) EMG amplitude: composite thigh muscles (VMO, VL, HM, HL) EMG amplitude ratios among subjects with decreased or increased relative femoral anteversion. EMG ratios were compared in the stance and swing phase of stair ascent. Group 1 showed an increased standardized mean GM and GD EMG amplitude and decreased standardized mean TFL to composite mean hip muscles EMG amplitude ratios in stair ascent during both stance and swing phase. Also, group 1 showed an increased standardized mean HL EMG amplitude and decreased standardized mean VL and HM to composite mean thigh muscles EMG amplitude ratios in stair ascent during both stance and swing phases. There was no statistically significant difference in vastus medialis oblique between subjects with increased or decreased relative femoral anteversion. In order to provide rehabilitation professionals with a clearer picture of the specific requirements of the stair climbing task, further research must be expanded to include a wider range of age groups that represent the general public, such as including middle-aged healthy persons.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.207-219
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the foot rotation on the lower limb muscles. Fourteen subjects performed step-up/step-down at a cadence of 80 beats/min, exercises with the foot neutral, $35^{\circ}$ internally rotated, and $35^{\circ}$ externally rotated, respectively. For each variable, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were significant differences between genders and among the eight types of jump. When a significant difference was found in jump type, post hoc analyses were performed using the Tukey procedure. A confidence level of p < .05 was used to determine statistical significance. The results showed that significant changes in averaged IEMG values occurred with the internal rotation of the foot in the lateral gastrocnemius during the knee extension, and in the semitendinosus during the knee flexion. During the knee extension, however, the internal rotation of the foot produced a significantly lower Averaged IEMG values than the neutral foot position in the medial gastrocnemius. The results also found that the peak IEMG activity of the rectus femoris during the knee extension for the external rotation of the foot was Significantly higher than the corresponding values in the neutral position of the foot, while the intenal rotaion of the foot exhibited a significant difference with the neutral position of the foot in the semitendinosus during the knee flexion. In general, the foot rotation position did not influence the average IEMG and Peak IEMG values of most muscles. The practice of adopting foot rotation to selectively strengthen individual muscles of the lower limb was not supported by this study. The external rotation of the foot produced high muscle activities in the quadriceps during the knee extension. For the knee extension, therefore, maintaining a laterally rotated position should be need for stable and comfortable position.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-85
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• 1988

The user's composition in Chiak Mountain National Park showed that male, twenties(20-29 ages) and high school or more graduated students were 64.7％, 72.5％ and 95％ respectively by sex, age and education. In visiting purpose, the natural parks characteristics shelved to be a important merit of Chiak Mountain, but the picnic patterns as of neighbourhood park and the recreation patterns as of recreation ground were appeared to be important simultaneously. In preferable place of visitors, the water in valley, natural landscape and climbing were prefered. In the district of Temple Kuryong valley, the peak season of visiting was Fall, and the peak hours during a day was 10 hours A.M and 5 hours P.M. Therfora the management plan in consideration of hiking pattern of nature park, picnic pattern as of neighbourhood park and recreation pattern as of recreation ground shall be necessary to solve the conflicts among functions in Chiak Mountain National Park.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.587-595
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• 2011

In this paper, we focus on the issue of automatic selection for multi-level threshold, and we greatly improve the efficiency of Otsu's method for image segmentation based on genetic algorithm. We have investigated and evaluated the performance of the Otsu and Valley-emphasis threshold methods. Based on this observation we propose a method for automatic threshold method that segments an image into more than two regions with high performance and processing in real-time. Our paper introduced new peak detection, combines with evolution algorithm using MAGA (Modified Adaptive Genetic Algorithm) and HCA (Hill Climbing Algorithm), to find the best threshold automatically, accurately, and quickly. The experimental results show that the proposed evolutionary algorithm achieves a satisfactory segmentation effect and that the processing time can be greatly reduced when the number of thresholds increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

This paper proposed a framework for handover method in continuously tracking a person of interest across cooperative pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. The algorithm here is based on a robust non-parametric technique for climbing density gradients to find the peak of probability distributions called the mean shift algorithm. Most tracking algorithms use only one cue (such as color). The color features are not always discriminative enough for target localization because illumination or viewpoints tend to change. Moreover the background may be of a color similar to that of the target. In our proposed system, the continuous person tracking across cooperative PTZ cameras by mean shift tracking that using color and shape histogram to be feature distributions. Color and shape distributions of interested person are used to register the target person across cameras. For the first camera, we select interested person for tracking using skin color, cloth color and boundary of body. To handover tracking process between two cameras, the second camera receives color and shape cues of a target person from the first camera and using linear color calibration to help with handover process. Our experimental results demonstrate color and shape feature in mean shift algorithm is capable for continuously and accurately track the target person across cameras.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.666-674
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• 2016

In this paper, a high efficiency satellite electrical power supply system is proposed. The increased efficiency of the power supply system allows for downscaling of the solar array and battery weight, which are among the most important satellite design considerations. The satellite power supply system comprises two units, namely a generation unit and a storage unit. To increase the efficiency of the solar array, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used in the power generation unit. In order to improve the MPPT performance, a novel algorithm is proposed on the basis of the hill climbing method. This method can track the main peak of the array power curve in satellites with long duration missions under unpredicted circumstances such as a part of the array being damaged or the presence of a shadow. A lithium-ion battery is utilized in the storage unit. An algorithm for calculating the optimal rate of battery charging is proposed where the battery is charged with the maximum possible efficiency considering the situation of the satellite. The proposed system is designed and manufactured. In addition, it is compared to the conventional power supply systems in similar satellites. Results show a 12% increase in the overall efficiency of the power supply system when compared to the conventional method.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2012

Daisetsuzan National Park in Hokkaido, Japan, has an extensive alpine region due to the topographic feature of lava plateau, and exhibits the surface geology largely composed of pyroclastic materials. In addition, the peak season of mountain climbing in the park coincides with a snow-melting period, resulting in severe soil erosion along hiking trails generated by human trampling, snow-melting water and pipkrake. Trail section has been particularly enlarged because the snow-melting water scours a trail surface and the pipkrake erodes sidewalls of a trapezoid-shaped trail. The scoured tread also forces hikers to walk out of a trail, and then frequently brings about path divergence as well as path widening. The soil particles, which are produced by erosional processes in a slope reach, flow downward, and cause the secondary trail degradation by covering a tread in a flat reach and nearby grassland.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.64-79
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• 2021

In Korea, mountains constitute 60 percent of the total land area. For a long time, mountains have been deeply involved in people's daily lives, acting as a significant layer of culture. For those reasons, it would be meaningful to shed light on the values of the mountain culture of Korea and seek various ways to utilize them. Therefore, this study aims to explore Korea's mountain enjoyment culture, considering the mountain leisure in the Joseon Dynasty period, when the heritage of mountain enjoying culture was prevalent, and that of the present era. For the analysis, hiking records of the Joseon Dynasty and present-day hiking blog posts related to three famous mountains in Korea were examined. Findings show that people stayed in the mountains for a long time in the Joseon Dynasty, concentrating on the landscape deeply, and various academic and artistic cultures flourished there. In contrast, contemporary people regard the mountain merely as a space to access the peak and climb down quickly within a day. Therefore, the landscape of the mountain cannot be used as a cultural asset beyond natural scenery. However, there are several positive aspects to today's climbing culture. For example, it is easy to obtain information on climbing and feasible ways to conduct various sizes and concepts of hiking due to the development of technology and transportation. In order to develop Korea's unique mountain enjoyment culture in the future, we should propose a 'leisurely hike' that allows people to enjoy the mountain scenery fully and sublimating it into culture, rather than being hiking that is limited to climbing. In addition, it is essential to create suitable spaces, arranging them appropriately to utilize the history and humanities context of the mountain, and connect local facilities and the workforce, thereby causing the development of various mountain enjoyment cultures.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

The Luciola lateralis larva took 5.3 days from climbing on the land to the pupal cocoon formation. It took 6.6 days for a larva to eventually transform to a pupa after building a pupal cocoon. The size of pupal cocoon was 10.1 mm in length, 4.7 mm in width and its wall thickness was 1.3 mm. The mean pupal period was 10.5 days. The adult stayed 6.8 days in the pupal cocoon before escaping the cocoon. The peak adult emergence appeared around 9 p.m., and decreased after 10 p.m. The optimal soil temperature for emergence was $23.4^{\circ}C$. The female adult of the natural population (Nat-type) lived shorter, laid fewer eggs, and the oviposition frequency was fewer than that of the Lab-type individuals. However, a few individuals from the natural population laid 200-400 eggs. The less number of oviposition in the natural population may be due to the fact that the female adults might lay eggs before the collection for the experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

The increased person interests in health in accordance with improved living standards result in the booming population who enjoy mountain climbing. Although there are more climbers than ever, most existing mountain paths are those which have been made naturally by people utilizing them to get to the peak and therefore cannot meet the various needs of emerging mountain climbers. Thus, this study that establish a data using numerical map and TotalStation aimed to provide them with beneficial information on mountain paths, analyzing each path using GIS. The subjects of this study are limited to Kum-Am which is in Kyungnam province, Korea. According to out research, proper slopes for the majority of mountain climbers, mostly in their from 30s to 50s, are turned out to be HG1 and JG1-JG2-JG3.