• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.393-399
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• 2009

This paper introduces an automated tool named Advanced Stochastic Schedule Simulation System (AS4). The system automatically integrates CPM schedule data exported from Primavera Project Planner (P3) and historical activity duration data obtained from a project data warehouse, computes the best fit probability distribution functions (PDFs) of historical activity durations, assigns the PDFs identified to respective activities, computes the optimum number of simulation runs, simulates the schedule network for the optimum number of simulation runs, and estimates the best fit PDF of project completion times (PCTs). AS4 improves the reliability of simulation-based scheduling by effectively dealing with the uncertainties of the activities' durations, increases the usability of the schedule data obtained from commercial CPM software, and effectively handles the variability of the PCTs by finding the best fit PDF of PCTs. It is designed as an easy-to-use computer tool programmed in MATLAB. AS4 encourages the use of simulation-based scheduling because it is simple to use, it simplifies the tedious and burdensome process involved in finding the PDFs of the many activities' durations and in assigning the PDFs to the many activities of a new network under modeling, and it does away with the normality assumptions used by most simulation-based scheduling systems in modeling PCTs.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.107.1-107.1
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• 2011

Density Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) are a classic statistical way to study properties of Interstellar Medium (ISM) turbulence. In our three-dimensional MHD simulations, density PDFs of the position-position velocity (PPV) spaces are close to a log-normal distribution. the PDF widths depend on the plasma parameters such as magnetic strength and sonic Mach number. Futhermore, we compare these simulations results to Galactic molecular clouds observed by Jackson et. al (2006). By fitting of the velocity dispersion in the spectral line observation, volume density PDFs of the defined molecular clouds indicate that the sound speeds of the turbulences seem to have a few times larger than the simulation results. In order to understand the inconsistency with general characteristics of turbulence, we consider other simulations inducing the turbulent flow randomly at small driving scales. We find that the density PDF width decreases at more smaller driving scale. Finally, the simulations suggest that sources of ISM turbulence in Galactic molecular clouds can be important on small scales.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.395-398
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• 2011

This paper introduces stochastic cash-flow modeling integrated with simulation based scheduling. The system makes use of CPM schedule data exported from commercial scheduling software, computes the best fit probability distribution functions (PDFs) of historical activity durations, assigns the PDFs identified to respective activities, simulates the schedule network, computes the deterministic and stochastic project cash-flows, plots the corresponding cash flow diagrams, and estimates the best fit PDFs of overdraft and net profit of a project. It analyzes the effect of different distributions of activity durations on the distribution of overdrafts and net profits, and improves reliability compared to deterministic cash flow analysis.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.95.1-95
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• 2001

This paper is concerned with a novel S-stability (stochastic-stability) concept in linear time-invariant stochastic systems, where a stochastic mode in dynamics depends on both the external disturbance and the inner-parameter variations. This leads to an EAG (eigenstructure assignment gaussian) problem; that is, the problem of associating S-eigenvalues (stochastic-eigenvalues), S-eigenvectors (stochastic-eigenvectors), and their PDFs (probability density functions) with the stochastic information of the systems with the required stochastic specifications. These results explicitly characterize how S-eigenvalues, S-eigenvectors and their PDFs in the complex plane may impose S-stability on stochastic systems.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.5 s.166
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• pp.417-430
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• 2006

In this study, the probability density functions (PDFs) of the rainfall generated by PRPM(Poisson Rectangular Pulse Model) and the runoff simulated by SLRM(Single Linear Reservoir Model) and Nash model, were compared to find out the changes of runoff characteristics due to the change of rainfall characteristics. Effect of rainfall frequency, Intensity, and duration on runoff were evaluated using the PDFs derived. Two basin, small and midium-sized ones, were also selected to find out the effect of basin size. As the results, we found that the arrival time, the intensity, and the duration of rainfall differently influence the runoff characteristics, which could be applied to evaluate the effect of climate change.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.180-186
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• 2001

Spatially and temporally resolved gas temperature measurements have been made in aeroengine combustor sector rig burning standard kerosene fuel. Temperature PDFs have been obtained from a triple-sector double annular combustor rig running at simulated ground idle conditions, showing features of flow mixing within the burning rig. Mean temperature and temperature PDFs were measured by CARS to investigate flow characteristics of the recirculation zones.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Blind equalization techniques have been widely used in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose to apply the balanced information potentials to the criterion of minimum Euclidian distance between two PDFs with constant modulus errors for adaptive blind equalizers. One of the two PDFs is constructed with constant modulus error samples and another does with Dirac delta functions. Two information potentials derived from the criterion are balanced in order to have better performance by putting a weighting factor to each information potentials. The proposed blind algorithm has shown in the MSE convergence performance that it can produce enhanced performance by over 3 dB of steady state MSE.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.9
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• pp.1240-1246
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• 2018

The differential quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predictions for the $W^{\pm}$ boson and a single jet as functions of the lepton pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions are presented up next-to-leading order correction in QCD. The predictions are done by using the most modern parton distribution functions (PDFs). To check the reliability of the PDFs, we compared 7 TeV predictions with the available experimental results at the corresponding energy. Finally, the differential QCD predictions and the asymmetry between the $W{^+}+1$ jet and $W{^-}+1$ jet events at $\sqrt{s}=7$, 8, 13, 14 and 100 TeV are discussed in detail.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Blind equalization techniques have been used in multipoint communication on which the research on the internet has focused. In this paper, a criterion of minimizing Euclidian Distance between two PDFs for adaptive blind equalizers has been presented. In order for ED expressed with Parzen PDFs to be minimized, we propose to use a set of randomly generated desired symbols at the receiver so that the PDF of the generated symbols matches that of the transmitted symbols. From the simulation results, the proposed method has shown superior error performance even in severe channel environments in which CMA has shown severe performance degradation. This indicates that the proposed algorithm can be considered relatively insensitive to ESR variations compared to CMA. As a field of ITL, ED minimization using Parzen PDFs has shown possibilities of being successfully applied to blind equalization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1184-1192
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• 2004

Experimental investigations were carried out in an atmospheric pressure, optically accessible and laboratory-scale dump combustor operating on methane gas. The objective of this study was to obtain the phase-resolved gas temperatures at different phases of the oscillating pressure cycle during unstable combustion. CARS temperature measurements were made at several spatial locations under lean premixed conditions to get the information on temperature field within the combustor. Also the effect of incomplete fuel-air mixing on phase-resolved temperature fluctuation was investigated. Results including phase-resolved averaged temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs) were provided in this paper. Temperature PDFs gave an insight on the flame behavior. And strong correlation between phase-resolved temperature profile and pressure cycle was observed. Results of the phase-resolved high temperature gave an additional information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio at flame as well as the effect of mixing quality on NOx emission characteristics.