• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

Tobacco smoke was confirmed as a human carcinogen by many research results. Because many adolescents stay long time in the PC game room, they are exposed to much of tobacco smoke. To evaluate the effect of passive smoking in the PC game room, airborne nicotine concentrations in 2 PC game rooms in Sung-nam city and urinary cotinine concentrations were measured for 20 adolescents. And the subjects were interviewed for duration and time in PC game room and smoking pattern. Subjects are composed of each of 10 smokers(5 males and 5 females) and 10 nonsmokers(5 males and 5 females). They stayed for three hours in the PC game room without smoking. Concentrations of nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers were 129.72 $\mu$g/$^3$ and 99.99 $\mu$g/m$^3$, respectively. Urinary cotinine concentrations were increased as time goes on after exposure to nicotine and showed maximum value at 9.45 hours after nicotine exposure and were 32.21 and 110.66 $\mu$g/L for nonsmoker and smokers. The more using time and frequency in PC game room, the higher urinary cotinine maximum concentration and the longer using duration, also the more increase urinary cotinine concentration. Urinary cotinine has a tendency to increase by passive smoking. Therefore, it is recommended that the effective control for indoor air quality and extensive research be needed to reduce nicotine concentration by passive smoking in the PC game room.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

Nowadays, a new word called SBS(sick building syndrome) has been come into existence. Since most people spend a large majority of their time indoors, indoor air may affect human health more than outdoor air. This outline survey was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in singing room and PC room. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon dioxide, total suspended particulate, airborne microbes) and Thermocircumstance(temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) were observed from October 1 to 31, 2001. As results of the survey, the mom values of thermocircumstance in singing room and PC room were $22.1^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 37.1% of humidity, 75 Lux of intensity of illumination and $22.0^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 52.6% of humidity, 135 Lux of intensity of illumination, respectively. The mean concentrations of carbon dioxide were 1589 ppm in singing room and 615 ppm in PC room, respectively The concentrations of carbon dioxide in singing room were higher than the indoor environmental standard of the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service which is showed at public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentrations of total suspended particulate were $0.33{\;}mg/\textrm{m}^3$ in singing room and $0.57{\;}mg/\textrm{m}^3$ in PC room respectively. The mean concentrations of airborne microbe were $16{\;}CFU/\textrm{m}^3$ in singing room and $12{\;}CFU/\textrm{m}^3$ in PC room, respectively.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.143-146
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to provide new direction on house design in consideration of the user's life pattern. To this end, pc usage status at home, demand for pc using space, and requirements for pc room interior were analyzed. A survey was taken by parents and the SPSS win.10 was applied for analysis. The survey was conducted for 2 months, starting May 2004 to see the computer usage at home, demand and satisfaction for the computer's room. The results of this study were as follows; The oldest son or daughter in a family was the main user of the computer, posting 71%. 42percent of respondents said they used the pc in their son's and daughter's room while 36% answered living room. It reflects that the whole family want to use the pc in their sharing room, or for their children's convenience. Currently, inconvenience of space-related constraints for using the pc was not that high, which possibly stems from a lack of awareness of inconvenience in using the pc. However, the need for furniture and space for refreshment was suggested. Through this study, it is expected that new housing designs need to be made to reflect these requirements into interior design and building plan for user's convenience.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2002년도 춘계 국제 학술대회
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• pp.6-8
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• 2002

Many adolescents stay long time in the PC game room and are exposed to much of tobacco smoke. To evaluate the effect of passive smoking in the PC game room, airborne nicotine concentrations and urinary cotinine concentrations were measured for 20 adolescents at 2 PC game rooms in Sung-nam city. And the subjects were interviewed for duration and time in PC game room and smoking pattern. Subjects are composed of each of 10 smokers(5 males and 5 females) and 10 non-smokers(5 males and 5 females). They stayed for three hours in the PC game room without smoking. Concentrations of nicotine in smokers and non-smokers were 129.72 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and 99.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. Urinary cotinine concentrations were increased as time goes on after exposure to nicotine and showed maximum value at 9.45 hours after nicotine exposure and were 32.21 and 110.66 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L for non-smoker and smokers. Urinary cotinine has a tendency to be increased by passive smoking. Therefore, it is recommended that the effective control for indoor air quality and extensive research be needed to reduce nicotine concentration by passive smoking in the PC game room.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

이 논문에서는 SNMP를 이용하여 윈도우 환경에서 동작하는 실습실의 PC를 관리하기 위해 MIB을 정의하고 이를 모니터링 및 제어하는 관리 시스템을 설계하였다. 제안된 시스템은 PC의 상태를 제어하는 제어 시스템과 실시간 모니터링 및 프로세스 제어를 담당하는 모니터링 시스템으로 구성된다. 제어 시스템의 경우 PC의 구성 정보 갱신 및 설정과 장애 발생시 이를 백업/복구를 담당한다. 모니터링 시스템은 초중고 생의 PC를 모니터링하고 실시간으로 실행중인 프로세스를 제어 및 새로운 작업을 실행시키는 기능을 갖고 있다. 이 시스템은 교사가 초중고의 PC 실습실에서 교육중 발생할 수 있는 학생들의 프로그램 사용을 통제하고 모니터링함으로써 교육의 효과를 높일 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

This paper presents a PC-based controller of industrial SFFS(Solid Freeform Fabrication System). The SFFS has multiple sub-controllers for the building room, the powder room, the temperature, and the density of oxygen in the chambers. Hence the main PC-based controller should effectively and timely send commands to the sub-controllers, and monitor the overall SLS process. The required actuators and sensors are selected to optimize the overall performance of the SFFS.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze TSP of the PC rooms. The concentration of the total suspended particulate and heavy metals contained in the total suspended particulate of the 15 PC rooms located in one local city were measured. The statistical correlation coefficients between the total suspended particulate and factors of the indoor condition (number of fan or size of pc room, illumination), between the heavy metals and factors of the indoor condition were studied. The results are as follows: 1. The factors of the indoor condition of the 15 PC rooms are as follows. Average illumination was 24 luxes. Average number of computers installed were 37. Average number of the fans was 7. and the size of investigated PC rooms was $139.94m^2$. 2. The mean age of the subjects was 21.8 years old. they $(51.5\%)$ used the 15 pc rooms for fewer than 2 hours per one day. 3. The mean concentration of total suspended particulate (TSP) is lower in the evening ${139.085\;(2.462)\;{\mu}g/m^3}$ than the night ${166.216(2.609){\mu}g/m^3}$. 4. The mean concentration of total suspended particulate was industrial work area) residential area) commercial area. 5. The distribution of heavy metals were indicated as Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd in the indoor air at PC rooms. and the concentration rate of Zn was the highest among heavy metals. but this increase didn't show any relationship with many factors of indoor condition (number of fan or size of pc room, lighting) 6. The concentration of TSP & heavy metals didn't have any relationship between the factors of indoor environment (number of fans, size of pc room, lighting).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1992

현재 국내에서 사육 공급되는 실험용 흰쥐의 계통에 따라 감염되는 Pneumocystis carinii(Pc)의 핵형이 다르 다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 특정 핵형의 병원체를 추적하여 전파를 파악하는 연구의 일환으로, 여러 다른 공급처에 서 얻은 Sprague-Dawley(SD), Fisher(F), Wistar(W) 흰쥐를 여러 장소에서 사육하면서 면역억제하여 Pc를 발현시키고, 이를 순수하게 모아서 field inversion gel electrophoresis를 사용하여 염색체 분자를 분리 관찰하였다. 한 실험실(A)에서 감염을 유발시킨 F 횐쥐는 두 공급원(P, K)에 따라서 같은 실험실에서 사육하였는데도 다른 핵형을 보였다. SD 횐쥐를 M, P, S 세 군데에서 공급받아 서로 격리된 다른 사육실 세 군데에 (A, B, C) 나누어 사육한 결과 P공급원의 횐쥐를 다른 밤 A와 C에서 사육하였는데 같은 핵형(I형)을 보였고, 또한 다른 두 공급원 M과 S에서 구한 SD 계통 흰쥐를 같은 방(B)에서 사육하여 같은 핵형 (II형)을 얻었다. P에서 공급한 F 흰쥐와 M에서 공급한 W 흰쥐를 A 사육실에서 SP 흰쥐와 함께 실험한 결과, F와 SD는 같은 Pc의 핵형 (I형)을 보이고, W는 감염 5주에 B 사육실의 늰퀴와 같은 유형 (II형)을 가졌으나 7주 및 8주에는 II 유형과 I 유형의 복합형을 나타내었다. 이러한 핵형 변화의 유형으로 이들 숙주가 면역억제될 때에는 잠재적으로 가지고 있는 Pc가 발현되나 같은 환경 내에 다른 중감염될 숙주가 있을 경우에는 이 동물로부터 또한 감염을 받는다는 사실을 확인하였다. 특히 상재성 병원체에 감염되지 않게 생산한 동물은 주위의 동물로부터 감염되는 것이 확실하며, 또한 단순하게 같은 방에서 다른 사육조(animal cage)에 사육을 하는 것으로 Pc의 전파가 일어난다는 사실로 미루어 보면, 이 병원체가 공기를 통하여 전파되는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. (이 연구는 1990년도 서 울대학교 의과대학 발전기금에 의하여 지원되었음)

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to provide new direction on house design in consideration of the PC users' life pattern. This study found that PC use present conditions at home, demand for PC using space, and requirements for PC using area were analyzed. A survey was taken by 1108 residences, and the SPSS win.10 was applied for analysis. The survey was conducted to see the computer usage at home, demand and satisfaction for the PC using space. The results of this study were as follows; forty-seven percent of respondents said they used the PC in son's and daughter's room while 36.8% answered living room. It reflects that the whole family want to use the PC in the same area, or for their children's convenience. Users' consciousness was analyzed four factor, which were 'physical inconvenience:'satisfactions in PC position', 'inconvenience caused by narrowness', 'notion of privacy'. PC users' consciousness had significant differences in the satisfaction by PC users' characteristic and housing characteristic. It was to be classified that the PC use space into several pattern according to furniture arrangement, and channel pattern had the highest satisfaction among those pattern. Through this study, it is expected that new housing designs need to be made to reflect lese requirements into interior design and house plan for PC user's needs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.687-694
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• 2006

We report on the fabrication of organic-based flexible displays using an amorphous IZO anode grown at room temperature. The IZO anode films were grown by a conventional DC reactive sputtering on the polycarbonate (PC) substrate at room temperature using a synthesized IZO target in a $Ar/O_2$ ambient. Both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution electron microscope (HREM) examination results show that the IZO anode film grown at room temperature Is complete amorphous structure due to low substrate temperature. A sheet resistance of $35.6\Omega/\Box$, average transmittance above 90 % in visible range, and root mean spare roughness of $6\sim10.5\AA$ were obtained even in the IZO anode film grown on PC substrate at room temperature. It is shown that the $Ir(ppy)_3$ doped flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) fabricated on the IZO anode exhibit comparable current-voltage-luminance characteristics as well as external quantum efficiency and power efficiency to OLED fabricated on conventional ITO/Glass substrate. These findings indicate that the IZO anode film grown on PC substrate is a promising anode materials for the fabrication of organic based flexible displays.