• Korean Architects
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• no.12 s.464
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

최근 네덜란드의 건축은 세계 건축계에서 두각을 나타내고 있으며, 현대 건축사에 일 획을 긋는 등 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 특히 우리에게 널리 알려진 Rem Koolhaas나 MVRDV등은 국내의 프로젝트에도 적극적으로 참여하여 그들의 진가를 잘 보여주고 있다. 이런 네덜란드 건축계와의 건축문화교류를 통해 그들이 일궈놓을 수 있는 독창성과 건축문화의 배경을 이해하고 우리의 건축문화를 위한 초석을 놓고저, 우리 협회는 지난 8월에 3명의 대표단을 보내 사전 조사를 시행한 바 있다. 그결과, Berlage Institute와 네덜란드 건축문화원과는 공감이 갈수 있는 건축적 이슈들을 국제토론의 장으로 이끌어 내는데 공조하기로 합의하고, 이의 후속 작업으로 Berlage Institute의 학장인 Rob Doctor교수와 네덜란드 건축문화원(Netherlands Architecture Institute, NAI)의 원장인 Ole Bouman 이 네덜란드의 건축정책을 소개하는 글을 게재하기로 했다. 이는 한국 건축사로서 현재 네덜란드에 유학중인 이은경씨의 도움에 의해 준비 되었고, 번역까지 도움을 주었다. 이은경씨의 도움에 진심으로 감사드린다.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Although Maejeong-Bogam (梅亭寶鑑) is a manuscript, it has attracted considerable attention from academia because of the clear authorship and relevant treatment methodologies. This article is the result of an extensive study on the author and the contents of the manuscript through the use of various data. This article revealed facts which include: 1) Author HAN Bangryeol (韓昉烈) is a Confucian doctor who lived in Namwon area, Jeolla province of Korea. 2) Dr. HAN's other manuscript of Bongseong-Shinbang (鳳城神方) was written before 1814. 3) Maejeong-Bogam (梅亭寶鑑) collects pediatric medical records only and is focused on outbreaks and treatment of smallpox among children. 4) Smallpox was a national concern in the late Joseon Dynasty and doctors of the day developed corresponding therapies. 5) Smallpox Inoculation was carried out in Jeolla Province as early $19^{th}$ in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.210-213
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• 2007

The direction of this project is creates a future and it experiences ubiquitous world. The subject of the space is 'Ubiquitous Creative World' which Imagining the past becomes actuality and imagining in future become actuality and future when it will approach at once. The storyline of this space is as belows; 1 Zone - Ubiquitous life Gallery : it will be able to experience the future world ; home, office, street, school and the others. 2 Zone - Interactive Play Gallery : it will be able to explore the interactive media with information technology ; digital cafe, imagining jump, digital art and the others. 3 Zone - New product and Business Gallery : it composed with business, new product, and demonstration gallery such as public information space. The space concept makes connection and concentration which uses unit and line for world which becomes accomplished by the network. Connection of digital and the human being to make the center of new digital life.

• 중국학논총
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• no.65
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• pp.101-116
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• 2020

I in this article analyzed poetry and prose written by Ming Navy forces who visited Chungcheong Navy Castle(忠淸水營) in Ocheon(鰲川) during Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(壬辰倭亂) and the remains concerning them. Chungcheong Navy Castle was used as a way station when Ming Navy forces came and went to the Southern Sea during Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. In April 1598, "Gyegong cheongdeok bi(季公淸德碑)" was erected to praise Gyegeum for his virtue. The villiagers have served "Gyegeum cheongdeok bi" as a god for the peaceful sea and good luck from the ancient times. Zhang Liangxiang(張良相) & Jia Xiang(賈祥) developed his great spirit to appreciate beautiful viewwhen he defeated Japanese force and ascended again to Yeongbo Pavilion(永保亭).

• 중국학논총
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• no.55
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• pp.133-153
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• 2017

Pavilions are aesthetic buildings harmonized with the surrounding landscape in ancient and modern time and space. They have unique open structures that were sited a short distance from a main residence. Pavilions were constructed for the purpose of resting and cultivating of minds through communion with nature. They were also established to use as places for building human network among men of letters. Pavilions are seen in China and Korea. They are called as 'Nujeong' in Korea. Nujeongs are not only for resting, but also for aesthetic thinking of ancient Korean writers. They are generally designed to provide visitors with a space where they can rest physically as well as spiritually and stimulate their own imaginations. Phrases that are widely used on the signboards of Nujeongs are Huehuejeong(休休亭), Manhuejeong(萬休亭), Sigyoungjeong(息影亭), Nongwoljeong(弄月亭), Gunzijeong(君子亭), Geoyeonjeong(居然亭).

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2024

In Korea, the function of Jeong(亭), Jeongja(亭子), and Nujeong(樓亭) architecture is essentially rest. However, in China, where the name Jeong was first coined and used, Jeong was not only used as a place of rest, but also for a variety of functions depending on the time and region, such as building units for guard posts, policing, and mail delivery. But why is it that in Korea, Jeong is primarily perceived and used as place of rest? Starting from this question, this article examines the historical process of the emergence of Jeong and its changing functions, focusing on the official history of China, and then examines the perception of Jeong in Korea through its connection to the dominant function of Jeong in China during the period of Jeong's emergence in Korean literature. This will help us to fundamentally understand the differences between Jeong architecture in Korea and Jeong architecture in China, and to further clarify the historical significance of the types of Jeongja and Nujeong architecture in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.58-74
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• 2018

This study aims to propose baseline data for designing restoration of Gaobyulup, researching space formation and characteristics of gardens of Gaobyulup, which located in the foot of Cheonmasan Mountain in Namyangju. Gaobyulup is a remain in retirement of Gyulsan Yu-Won Lee, a representative politician, administrator, and tea drinker in late Joseon Dynasty. The results of the research about the shape of Gaobyulup deducted through reference review, poetry and prose analysis, an on-the-spot survey and residents' interview are below: Lee, who used pseudonym as 'Gyulsan,' which menas Jongnamsan Mountain, yearned Mangcheonbyeoreop(輞川別業) by Yu Wang and retirement with a country house operation by Seogye Sedang Park. In the persuit of this ideal, he created and operated a country house in Gaogok of Yangju, which a family burial ground was located. Gaobyulup, which located in Gaogok in the lower part of Cheonmasan Mountain, was largely composed outer and inner gardens, and the area of house operation was started from a stone post of Gaobokji The inner garden of Gaobyulup was including major garden components like buildings, such as Sasihyanggwan, Obaekganjung, Imharyoe and Toesadam, and Chaewon near Haengrangchae, and Gwawon in an backyard. In addition, Younggwijung pavilion, which located 850m away from Gaobyulup, was the another country house inside the Byulup, thus Gaobyulup shows a duplex space formation. In the inner garden of Gaobyulup, there are Sasihyanggwan, which had functions of Sarangchae as library and depository of old paintings and calligraphic works, and Obaekganjung, a small Sarangchae which connected with Sasihyanggwan in the form of a transept. Yusanggoksuger located near Obaekganjung. Additionally, Imharyeo, a library with a tablet of Byeokryowon(??園), which located in the highest point in Byulup, has the functions of a reading room and a tea house. Many Taihu stones were located not only in Toesadam, a square-formed pond with lotus but also many places in the inner gardens. And rare garden plants were planted. These were closely related to the trend of horticulture for pleasure, wealth, and collecting old paintings and calligraphic works for pleasure of Lee. Meanwhile, the area of Younggwijung pavilion, located in Gaocheon stream fall from Byulup to Manhoiam, looks like Wooampok, a enjoying place of other personages, who use their pseudonym as "Oksan" or "Wooam" Lee identifies Wooampok as "Jesampok" and carved 'Gyulsan' s he declared this place is his operating area. Lee built Younggwijung pavilion and planted many peach trees for recreation of utopia. The stone letters of Byukpadongcheon, located in front of a bridge in the foreside of Younggwijung pavilion, seems another enchanted land created in Gaobokji inside. Lee carved Jeilsan in huge rock on the falls rear Manhoiam temple, which Lee did great role of foundation of the temple, so he identifies that this place was the end of the outer garden of Gaobyulup. This study tries to estimate traces of the country house in Gaogok through reference review and on-th-spot survey, and the results from this study are presumed based on site remains only conformed today. It needs to discover second scenary or stone carved letters between Jeilsan and Jesampok. Additionally, exact formation characteristics of Gaobyulup should be identified through excavation survey later. To do so, an interest and a major role of Namyangju-si must be equipped for future restoration of Gaobyulup.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.14-26
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• 2011

Imdaejeong Wonlim is located on the verge of Sangsa Village in Sapyeong-ri, Daepyeong-myeon, Hwasun-gun Gyeongsangnam-do toward Northwest. It was planned by Sa-ae, Minjuhyeon in 1862 on the basis of Gobanwon built by Nam Eongi in 16th century against the backdrop of Mt. Bongjeong and facing Sapyeong Stream. As water flows from west to east in the shape of crane, this area is a propitious site standing for prosperity and happiness. This area shows a distinct feature of Wonlim surrounding the Imdaejeong with multi layers as consisting of 5 districts - front yard where landmark stone with engraved letters of 'Janggujiso of Master Sa-ea' and junipers are harmoniously arranged, internal garden of upper pavilion ranging from a pavilion to square pond with a little island in the middle, Sugyeongwon of under pavilionu consisting of 2 ponds with a painting of three taoist hermits, forest of Mt. Bonggeong and external garden including Sapyeong Stream and farmland. According to documentation and the results of on-site investigation, it is certainly proved that Imdaejeong Wonlim was motivated by Byeoseo Wonlim which realized the idea of 'going back to hometown after resignation' following the motives of Janggujiso, a hideout aimed to accomplish the ideology, 'training mind and fostering innate nature,' on the peaceful site surrounded by water and mountain, as well as motives of Sesimcheo(洗心處) to be unified with morality of Mother Nature, etc. In addition, it implies various imaginary landscapes such as Pihangji, Eupcheongdang, square pond with an island and painting of three Taoist hermits based on a notion that 'the further scent flies away, the fresher it becomes,' which is originated from Aelyeonseol(愛蓮說). In terms of technique of natural landscape treatment, divers techniques are found in Imdaejeong Wonlim such as distant view of Mt. Bongjeong, pulling view with an intention of transparent beauty of moonlight, circle view of natural and cultural sceneries on every side, borrowed scenary of pastoral rural life adopted as an opposite view, looked view of Sulyundaero, over looked view of pond, static view in pavilion and paths, close view of water space such as stream and pond, mushroom-and-umbrella like view of Imdaejeong, vista of pond surrounded by willows, imaginary view of engraved letters meaning 'widen knowledge by studying objectives' and selected view to comprise sunrise and sunset at the same time. In the beginning of construction, various plants seemed to be planted, albeit different from now, such as Ginkgo biloba, Phyllostachys spp., Salix spp., Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Morus bombycis, Juglans mandschurica, Paulownia coreana, Prunus mume, Nelumbo nucifera, etc. Generally, it reflected dignity of Confucianism or beared aspect of semantic landscape implying Taoist taste and idea of Phoenix wishing a prosperity in the future. Furthermore, a diversity of planting methods were pursued for such as liner planting for the periphery of pond, bosquet planting and circle planting adopted around the pavilion, spot planting using green trees, solitary planting of monumentally planted Paulownia coreana and opposite planting presenting the Abies holophylla into yin and yang.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to illuminate historical sensitivity and design in the days of the Joseon era and examines the phenomenon of acculturation as revealed in the planting of Sophora japonica and Zelkova serrata in the garden grove by looking into the purpose underlying the construction, formative intention and the process of change in Pohang's Chirinjeong wonlim. Chirinjeong, also called Sanggaejeong(雙槐亭) after the fact that two Zelkova serrata trees were planted there, is a hermit pavilion in Sa-il village, Chogok-ri, built in the 9th year of King Taejong(1409) by Jang, Pyo(張彪, 1349~?) of an officer of bureaucratic origin toward the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, the Chirinjeong garden grove is an element essential to Chogok, the 3rd Gok of Sanggaegoogok(雙溪九曲). The wonlim of Chirinjeong is divided into the pavilion section composed of the entrance area, Chirinjeong, composed of Zelkova serrata and Sophora japonica, and the pond section composed of a quadrangular pond and island(方池方島), and Lagerstroemia indica. In view of the intent of the name Chirinjeong or of the fact that the pavilion was named based on that the royal seal string was hung on the Sanggwaesoo(雙槐樹) or two Zelkova serrata trees, it is reasonable to view it as Zelkova serrata trees having been planted early in the days of the Joseon Dynasty and those additionally planted later on that symbolizes the position of the three nobles and the Sophora japonica. In addition, in spite of the fact that the type of trees supplementarily planted in the 21st year of King Yeongjo(1745) is known as Sophora japonica, it is impossible to rule out the possibility of the tree planted outside of Chirinjeong being Zelkova serrata. In short, the three Zelkova serrata trees planted along with Sophora japonica must certainly be evidence that Zelkova serrata planted along with Sophora japonica in Chirinjeong wonlim indicates that the off spring of the Indong Jang family could tell the difference between Sophora japonica and Zelkova serrata. In the recognition process of Zelkova serrata trees finding their way into Korea, it was known as Zelkova serrata on the one hand and as Sophora japonica on the other, and the former, which enjoys a comparative advantage over in terms of the easiness with which to purchase, growth speed and possibility of growing into a long-lived tree was interchanged with Zelkova serrata, a case of acculturation as manifested in the planting of Sophora japonica in the Chirinjeong garden grove.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.82-95
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• 2014

This study aims to draw up measures to planting tree and maintain a landscape in traditional space. Preceding comprehensive theoretical consideration of selected species of trees and tree maintenance. And analysis of present condition of planting in cases of Gwanghalluwon Garden, then draw a maintenance plans of planting through species of trees and landscape of planting recorded in literature. The results were as follows. First, Analysis of selected species of trees and tree maintenance that traditional space. A dispute about the selection species of trees in traditional space has been continued until today. Because unconditional reject of foreign trees are limited. In this context, should be sublated that hasty blind faith of records and dichotomous preparation plans such as removal of foreign trees and implicitly planting of native plants. Secondly, Planted trees in Gwanghalluwon garden was investigated and found to the species of trees used in traditional space such as Pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), Sawleaf Zelkova(Zelkova serrata), Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba), Crape Myrtle(Lagerstroemia indica L.). But, present planting irrelevant to traditional space, except Gwanghallu pavilion area from the spatiality. Thirdly, A look at the records or literature that maintenance of planting through historical research are limited. Because literature was recorded Salix spp., Crape Myrtle, Bambusoideae(Pseudosasa japonica), lotus only among planted trees in Gwanghalluwon garden. Fourth, Gwanghallu zone have nature of history and sense of place. And It was going to restore the appearance on historical. Consequently maintenance plan of planting of Gwanghallu zone should be maintain the current state. Wanwol pavillion zone can be recognized as the original form because they look similar to the Gwangallu zone's buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the sense of place different from Gwanghallu zone by buffer planting for composition of transition space. Wolmaejip zone and lawn zone was marketplace in outside of castle and large forest. Accordingly, this area should be symbolic restoration of the Yulrim(栗林) and representation of the marketplace in outside of castle through aggregation of facilities and administrative facilities in Gwanghalluwon garden. East lawn of the Wanwol pavilion zone is should be maintained the current state that opened place in terms of using thought linked with the Wanwol pavilion zone. Boundary zone of the Gwanghalluwon garden is difficult to associate in terms of historical research and authenticity. Therefore, application of cultural landscape that appeared in literature is be worth.