• Applied Microscopy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1973

Introduction. The human cutaneous scars manifest themselves many ways in different types according to the factors such as the age, sex, race of the patient as well as the location,. kind and heal ing process of the wound. Among the scars it is quiet difficult to verify the clinical course of the hypertrophic or keloidal scars from the true keloids. However, clinical observations indicate that stress, either mechanical or in the forms of chronic infections, can induce a functional change in the fibroblasts causing an excessive production of collagenous matrix. In this study, we preliminary attempt to justify any difference of the cellular structure between keloids and hypertrophic scars by using electron microscope. Material and Methods. A total of 23 cases: 2 scars, 2 hypertrophic scars and 19 keloids are examined. Immediately, the biopsy tissue was fixed in 10% neutral formalin and 4% glutaraldehyde solution in phosphate buffer for 4 hours, post fixed in 1 % osmium tetraoxide for two hours, dehydrated with graded alcohol, and embedded in Epon 812. Thick sections were stained with hematoxylin eosin, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and Van Gieson stain. Thin sections were cut and uranyle acetate, lead citratestain and examined with the electron microscope. Result. The morphologic features of keloid showed thick, homogenously eosinophilic bands of collagen and numberous large active fibroblasts. The hypertrophic scar and soft scar are more cellular than keloid and composed thinner collagenous fiber. For this paper in the etiology of keloids can not as be defined, but and interesting keloidal tissue fibroblast showed irregular nucleus with irregular shape dense bodies and fibril materials contained in to the cytoplasm.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

Purpose : The lateral cephalometric Korean norms of the skeletal and pharyngeal dimension were analyzed for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Materials and Methods : The lateral cephalometric radiographies were taken in male(n=53) and female(n=50), who had a normal profile, class I occlusion, normal ANB $(0{\sim}4^{\circ})$ and normal Wits $Appraisal(-4{\sim}0mm)$. The X-rays were traced by two oral and maxillofacial surgeons twice. The significant differences between male-female and examiners were tested. Results : The angle of mandibular line to Nasion-Sella line was $31.12^{\circ}/33.79^{\circ}$ (in male/in female, p=0.0018). The lower Gonion angle was $73.74^{\circ}/73.74^{\circ}(p=0.9978)$. The length of the soft palate was 36.93mm/34.35mm(p=0.0002). The pharyngeal airway space was 13.42mm/11.55mm at mandibular plane level(PAS(ML))(p=0.0025). The hyoid was placed inferiorly to mandibular plane 10.18mm/7.72mm(p=0.0051). The results from this study are to be used for the diagnosis of OSAS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.110-120
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a tunable SIW(Substrate Integrated Waveguide) using dielectric screws for eliminating the phase imbalance of large size power distribution networks(PDN). Alumina screws partially inserted into several through holes of the tunable SIW section effectively change the phase shift without S-parameter degradation. ${\pm}33.9^{\circ}$ measured phase imbalance of a large conventional 9 GHz SIW-PDN of $370\;mm{\times}195\;mm$ size has been greatly reduced to ${\pm}4.65^{\circ}$. We expect that the proposed tunable SIW plays an important role for a light-weight, high performance substrate integrated phased array system(Si-PAS) and large size SIW circuit applications.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1978

It has been studied that aminoacetonitrile was associated with the inhibition of collagen fiber, argyrophilic fiber and oxytalan fiber synthesis. This experiment was performed, by the basic knowledge of above mentioned study, to study on the biological effect of aminoacetonitrile to the developing periodontal ligament in Sprague Dawley rat. twenty two of female rats weighing about 200gm were gestated. In 7 days after gestation, the experimental rats were injected aminoacetonitrile 7 times intraperitoneally. After parturition, delivered fJtuses were divided into 4 groups and each group was sacrificed to 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after delivery, schematically. All the fetuses were observed on their periodontal ligament by histological and histo chemical methods. To study on the components of periodontal ligament fiber in these experimental study van Gieson, Masson's trichrom, argyrophilic fiber, oxytalan fiber, methyl green pyronin and periodic acid-Shiff staining were performed. Results were as follows; 1) Retardation of functional orientation in periodontal ligament collagen fiber was observed in 1 day fetuses hut this appearance was diminished gradually and recovered in normal condition in 7 days fetuses. 2) Distribution of argyrophilic fiber in 1 day fetuses was oriented delicately and loosely but volume of this fiber was gradually thickened and distributed densely. 3) Oxytalan fiber was oriented dendritic ally and contradictorily in 14 days fetuses but their orientation was changed into oblique form in middle portion of roof and their numbers were increased gradually. 4) Pyronin-philic stain of fibroblast was gradually deepened in 7 days fetuses and this finding also suggested to the depreciation of collagen synthesis in this specimen. 5) PAS positive line was observed continuousely at the portion of cervical to the middle root surface.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2016

Increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of HIV. This study investigated the effects of adjuvant use of coconut oil and HAART on testicular morphology and seminal parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 153~169 g were distributed into four groups (A-D) and treated as follows: A served as control (distilled water); B (HAART cocktail-Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine); C (HAART + Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg) and D (Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg). After 56 days of treatment, animals were killed and laparotomy to exercise the epididymis for seminal fluid analyses done whilst testicular tissues were processed for histo-morphometric studies. Result showed a significant decline in sperm motility (P < 0.05) and count (P < 0.0001) in HAART-treated animals while there was insignificant changes in other parameters in groups C and D except count that was reduced (P < 0.0001) when compared with controls. Histomorphological studies showed HAART caused disorders in seminiferous tubular architecture with significant (P < 0.01) decline in epithelial height closely mirrored by extensive reticulin framework and positive PAS cells. Adjuvant Virgin coconut oil + HAART resulted in significant decrease in seminiferous tubular diameter (P < 0.05), but other morphometric and histological parameters were similar to control or Virgin coconut oil alone (which showed normal histoarchitecture levels). While derangements in testicular and seminal fluid parameters occurred following HAART, adjuvant treatment with Virgin coconut oil restored the distortions emanating thereof.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2011

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a hepatic disorder that resembles liver cancer, is a highly aggressive and lethal zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis. E. multilocularis is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere; the disease-endemic area stretches from north America through Europe to central and east Asia, including northern parts of Japan, but it has not been reported in Korea. Herein, we represent a first case of AE in Korea. A 41-year-old woman was found to have a large liver mass on routine medical examination. The excised mass showed multinodular, necrotic, and spongiform appearance with small irregular pseudocystic spaces. Microscopically, the mass was composed of chronic granulomatous inflammation with extensive coagulation necrosis and parasite-like structure, which was revealed as parasitic vesicles and laminated layer delineated by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. Clinical and histologic features were consistent with AE. After 8 years, a new liver mass and multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules were found and the recurred mass showed similar histologic features to the initial mass. She had never visited endemic areas of AE, and thus the exact infection route is unclear.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2006

Diseased tiger puffer (Takijugu rubripes) showed anorexia and severe anemia in the gills. In wet mount preparations Heterobothrium sp. with 4 sets of clamps on the opisthohaptor attached to the gill filaments of the diseased fish. From the drum-shaped filter for filtration of the culturing water and the sediment of aquarium held the diseased fish in the laboratory, their eggs forming long strings through connection of the bipolar filaments could be easily collected. The parasites with 4 pairs of clamps on the opisthohaptor were 2.38mm in length and 0.71 mm in width, but had no isthmus which was separated the opisthohapor from the body proper. The parasites could be easily distinguished from Heterobothrium tetrodonis and H. okamotoi in the absence of distinct isthmus, and resembled H. yamagutii described from the gills of Takifugu xanthopterus in Japan. Their eggs were yellowish spindle in shape and 180-200 x 5-6 Iffil in size, which were pointed at both ends. The eggs were linked to adjacent egg shells like a string of beads by the filaments. Onchomiracidia, ciliated larvae spawned from the eggs were 133 Iffil (120-146 Iffil) x 751ffil (68-80 Iffil) in size. The length of the ciliates was 12 Iffil in the anterior part of the larvae and 14 Iffil in the posterior part. Round or leaf-shaped young parasites attached on the secondary gill lamellae. There was a tendency that most of round smaller parasites without an opisthohaptor were found in the middle part of the gill lamellae while leaf-shaped larger ones with a opisthohaptor attached on the distal part of the gill filaments. Each clamp of mature parasites grasped one secondary gill filament which resulted in bending of the filaments and hyperplasia of the epithelium and mucous cells. In the branchial cavity around the pseudobranch, mature parasites grasped the adjacent ones by means of the clamps, and the epithelia of the branchial cavity around the parasites showed severe irregular hyperplasia and erosion with strongly PAS-positive mucous cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.432-439
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• 2005

$Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin transduction pathways have been implicated in mediating stress response and tolerance in plants. Here, three genes encoding calmodulin (Cam) members of the EF-hand family of $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins were identified from Oryza sativa L. databases. Complementary DNA for each of the calmodulin genes, OsCam1, OsCam2, and OsCam3 were sequenced. OsCam1 and OsCam2 encode a conventional 148-amino acid calmodulin protein that contains four characteristic $Ca^{2+}$-binding motifs. OsCam3 encode a similar protein with a 38-amino-acid extension containing a putative prenylation site (CVIL) at the carboxyl terminus. RT-PCR showed that each of the genes is expressed in leaves and roots of 2-week old rice seedlings. By RNA gel blot analysis, OsCam1 mRNA levels strongly increased in response to NaCl, mannitol and wounding treatments. In contrast, OsCam2 mRNA levels were relatively unchanged under all conditions investigated. NaCl treatment and wounding also increased the OsCam3 mRNA level, but in a more transient manner. Our results indicate that although the expression of genes encoding different calmodulin isoforms is ubiquitous, they are differentially regulated by various stress signals. In addition, we have demonstrated that the calcium-channel blocker lanthanum chloride inhibited the induction of OsCam1 gene expression by both NaCl and mannitol treatments. These results suggest that osmotic stress induced expression of OsCam1 gene requires the $[Ca^{2+}]_{cyt}$ elevation that is known to occur in response to these stimuli.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.802-809
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• 2014

This paper presents a dual-mode bias modulator (BM) for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers (PAs). The BM includes a hybrid buck converter and a normal buck converter for an envelope tracking (ET) mode for high output power and for an average power tracking (APT) mode for low output power, respectively. The dual-mode BM and CMOS PA are designed using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process for the 1.75 GHz band. For the 16-QAM LTE signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.3 dB and a bandwidth of 5 MHz, the PA with the ET mode exhibited a poweradded efficiency (PAE) of 39.2%, an EVM of 4.8%, a gain of 19.0 dB, and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio of -30 dBc at an average output power of 22 dBm, while the stand-alone PA has a PAE of 8% lower at the same condition. The PA with APT mode has a PAE of 21.3%, which is an improvement of 13.4% from that of the stand-alone PA at an output power of 13 dBm.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2014

Inductive expression of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in neurons is associated with many forms of neuronal activity. However, only a few Egr-1 target genes are known in the brain. The results of this study demonstrate that Egr-1 knockout (KO) mice display impaired contextual extinction learning and normal fear acquisition relative to wild-type (WT) control animals. Genome-wide microarray experiments revealed 368 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of Egr-1 WT exposed to different phases of a fear conditioning paradigm compared to gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of KO mice. Some of genes, such as serotonin receptor 2C (Htr2c), neuropeptide B (Npb), neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), NPY receptor Y1 (Npy1r), fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7), and neuropeptide Y (Npy) are known to regulate processing of fearful memories, and promoter analyses demonstrated that several of these genes contained Egr-1 binding sites. This study provides a useful list of potential Egr-1 target genes which may be regulated during fear memory processing.