• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 1996

$CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ 단결정을 Bridgman방법으로 성장하였다. 성장된 $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ 단결정은 분말법으로 X-ray diffraction을 측정하여 tetragonal로 성장되었음을 알 수 있었고 격자상수는 Nelson-Riley 보정식을 이용하여 외삽법으로 구한 결과 $a_{0}$는 $6.215{\AA}$, $c_{0}$는 $12.390{\AA}$이었다. $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ 결정이 단결정임을 알아보기 위해 Laue 배면 반사법으로 측정하였는데 c축에 수평한면은 (110), c축에 수직한 면은 (001)으로 성장되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 van der Pauw방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도를 구하였으며, c축에 수직한 시료의 carrier density는 $8.75{\times}10^{23}electrons/m^{3},\;mobility는\;3.41{\times}10^{-2}m^{2}/V.s$였으며 c축에 평행한 시료의 carrier density는 $8.61{\times}10^{23}electrons/m^{3},\;mobility는\;2.42{\times}10^{-2}m^{2}/V.s$였다. 또한 Hall 계수가 양의 값이여서 $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ 단결정은 p형 반도체임을 알 수 있었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.467-481
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• 1998

The purpose of this survey, in which 2754 students from 35 middle schools from Taegu city participated, was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and need for sex education. This information will provide useful data, and promote a more systematic, desirable and practical sex education. The data was collected from September 1 to November 8, 1997. Data was analyzed using the statistical computer package, SPSS to manipulate the data along with percentage, mean, $X^2$-test. t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mean score of sex related knowledge showed significant differences between boys and girls in general knowledge(boys: 10.85 girls: 11.71, p=0.000), in the area of physical development(boys : 5.29 girls: 5.72, p=0.000), pregnancy & physiology (boys: 3.23 girls: 3.57, p=0.000) and venereal disease (boys: 2.33 girls: 2.42, p=0.000). 2. The mean score of sex related attitudes showed a significant differences between boys and girls on the whole(boys : 57.68 girls: 58.92, p=0.000), in the area of psychological differences of the other sex (boy: 26.13, girls: 28.08, p=0.000), and sexual delinquency and its prevention(boy: 14.28, girls: 13.68, p=0.000). However, in the area of other sex friendships (boy: 17.28, girls: 17.16, p=0.274). There were no significant differences between boys and girls. 3. Those who had a higher sex related knowledge score showed more positive attitudes towards sex, but was of no statistical significance(r= 0.312, p=0.000). 4. The majority of subjects wanted to learn about friendship with the other sex(40.1%), about physical and psychological differences in adolescence(24.0%), about prevention of sexual violence(15.0%), about pregnancy and delivery (7.5%), about venereal disease and medical cures(7.3%), about contraception methods (4.3%), as well as other aspects of sexual knowledge (1.8%), 5. The mean score of sex related knowledge generally was higher when one paid a lot of attention to health (F= 3. 148, p=0.014), when one's father was alive(t=3.930, p=0.000), and when one's mother was alive(t=2.807, p=0.005), Hobby activities also showed a significant difference(F=9.092, p=0.000). The mean score of sex related knowledge generally according higher when one had sex education(F=9.470, p=0.000), when one obtained sexual knowledges from a teacher (F = 5. 742, p=0.000), and when one had middle grade problems with sex(F=13.58 4, p=0.000). 6. The mean score of sex related attitudes generally showed significant differences when re ligion(F=2.691, p=0.03), hobbies (F= 3.499, p= 0.002) were considered. Those who had a father also had higher scores(t=2.538, p= 0.011). The mean score of sex related attitudes generally with respect to a subject's sex was higher when one had sex education(t=5.338, p= 0.000), when one had high grade problems with sex(F=6.023, p=0.002), and when one had the experience of friendship with the other sex(t= 8.106, p=0.000), The following suggestions are based on the above results, 1. Systematic sex education must be performed in middle schools in order to establish responsible attitudes toward sex, 2. Sexual knowledge, attitude, and general sex education classes must be performed seperately for early, middle, and late adolescents, In other words sex education programs are needed for each adolescent development stage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2001

Thirty second parity sows of the synthetic Nepalese Pakhribas genotype were used to investigate factors which might improve the occurrence and expression of estrus. The experiment had two sequential elements. In part 1, a change in suckling pattern was applied during lactation, and in part 2, different estrus detection methods were evaluated after weaning. All sows received the same pattern of weaning, which imitated the progressive weaning system used in Nepalese villages. Piglets from each litter were weaned at three ages (6, 7 and 8 weeks of age) in the proportion of 0.5 at 6 weeks followed by 0.25 at each of the subsequent weanings. In the first lactation treatment, the suckling pattern was left undisturbed, similar to the practice used in the villages in which the remaining piglets after first weaning are allowed continuous suckling. In the other treatment, the remaining piglets after first weaning were allowed to suckle their sows only during the night, whilst in the day time (09:00-16:00) they were excluded from the sow but left free to roam around. After weaning, estrus detection procedures were carried out in the absence or presence of two different boar stimuli: a synthetic boar pheromone spray or fresh boar urine. These were applied sequentially in a sequence of testing that alternated for each sow on a daily basis. The weaning to re-mating interval was significantly longer for the unrestricted suckling treatment. All sows were re-mated within 30 days after first weaning in the restricted suckling treatment groups, whereas only 71% of sows were re-mated within 30 days after weaning in the unrestricted suckling treatment groups ($x^2=3.877$, 1df, p<0.05). Both boar pheromone spray and boar urine increased the estrus detection probability, with no significant differences between the two stimuli treatments.

• 치과방사선
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

The Scanora/sup (R)/ X-ray unit uses the principles of narrow beam radiography and spiral tomography. Starting with a panoramic overview as a scout image. multiple tomographic projections could be selected. This study evaluated the accuracy of spiral tomography in comparison to routine panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planning. An experimental study was performed on a cadaver mandible to assess the accuracy of panoramic radiography and spiral tomography film images for measurement of metallic spheres. After radiographic images of the metallic spheres on the surgical stent were measured and corrected for a fixed magnification of radiographic images. following results were obtained. 1. In the optimal position of the mandible. the minimal horizontal and vertical distortion was evident in the panoramic radiography images. The mean horizontal and vertical magnification error in anterior sites was 5.25％ and 0.75％. respectively. The mean horizontal and vertical magnification error in posterior sites was 0.50％ and 1.50％. respectively. 2. In the displaced forward or in an eccentric position of the mandible. the magnification error of the panoramic radiography images increased significantly over the optimal position. Overall, the mean horizontal magnification error of the anterior site in the different positions changed dramatically within a range of -17.25％ to 39.00％, compared to the posterior range of -5.25％ to 8.50％. However, the mean vertical magnification error stayed with the range of 0.5％ to 3.75％ for all the mandibular positions. 3. The magnification effects in the tomographic scans were nearly identical for the anterior and posterior with a range of 2.00％ to 5.75％ in the horizontal and 4.50％ to 5.50％ in the vertical dimension, respectively. 4. A statistically significant difference between the anterior and posterior measurements was found in the horizontal measurements of the panoramic radiography images of the displaced forward and backward position of the mandible(P<0.05). Also a significant difference between the optimal panoramic and tomographic projections was found only in the vertical measurement(P<0.05).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1992

보리의 등숙향상을 위하여 등숙효율을 높일 수 있는 형질을 선발하고 파종기를 달리 하였을 때의 등숙과정 및 등숙관련 형질들 간의 관련성을 검토하고자 특성이 상이한 보리품종인 올보리, 강보리 및 수원18호를 공시하여 시험한바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기 차이에 따른 구성 요소중 단립면적당 수수와 입중이 비교적 민감한 반응을 보였으며 만기파종에서 수량 감소가 컸다. 2. 등숙과정에서 조기와 적기파종은 출수후 20-30일 사이, 만기 파종은 출수후 1-20일 사이에서 종실의 축적량이 각각 1.03-1.94mg / grain/day과 0.88～1.88mg / grain / day 으로 가장 왕성하였으며 입중이 최대에 달하는 시기는 조기 및 적기파종에서는 출수후 40일, 만기파종은 출수후 30일경 이었다. 3. 출수이후 종실의 수석 일실량은 1.20-1.66%/day 범위로 만숙 품종과 만기파종에서 증가된 것으로 볼 때, 수분일신량과 등숙속도와는 상호밀접한 관계가 있었으며 등숙과정중 수분일실량이 가장 많은 시기는 출수후 25-30일 사이로 종실의 발육량이 최대에 이르는 시기와 일치하였다. 4. 종실의 전당 함량은 출수직후부터 직선적인 증가를 보이다가 출수후 20일을 기점으로 점차 감소됨에 동시에 전분함량은 등숙이 완료될 때까지 계속 증가되었는데 품종간에는 올보리, 강보리, 수원18호 순으로 높게 유지되었으나 파종기간에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 5. 입중과 등숙기간과는 높은 정의 상관(r=0.767$^{**}$ )관계가 있었으나 등숙기간중의 일평균 온도(r=-0.548$^{**}$ ) 및 적산 온도(r=-0.595$^{**}$ )와는 유의한 상관관계가 인정되었다. 품종보다 노후화 속도가 느려 습윤ㆍ고온처리를 하였을 때도 하배축신장이 뚜렷하게 컸다.은 내한유채가 86.7%로 가장 높았으며, 기타(mono, di-glyceride 및 free fatty acid) 는 13.3～17.4%로 나타났다.로 빠른 시일에 집중적인 연구가 필요하다고 본다.다. 4. 저온저장(4$^{\circ}C$, RH 50%)한 벼는 2년반 저장한 벼도 밥맛의 변화가 거의 없었다. 5. 1988년산 및 1989년산 일반계를 10분도와 12분도로 도정하였을 때 도정도에 따른 밥맛의 차이는 없었다.X>$CoO_x$는 $Co_3O_4$로 존재하고, 반응 전의 경우에는 이와는 다른 chemical state를 보여주었다. XRD 및 XPS 결과를 바탕으로, 촉매표면에 존재하는 $Co_3O_4$의 외부표면이 $Co_2TiO_4$와 $CoTiO_3$ 같은 $CoTiO_x$로 encapsulation되어 있는 모델구조를 제안할 수 있고, 이는 반응시간의 함수로 나타나는 촉매활성에 있어서 전이영역의 존재를 잘 설명할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, XRD와 XPS에서 얻어진 촉매의 물리화학적인 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있다. 나타냈고, 골격근과 눈 조직에서 피루브산에 대한 LDH의 친화력이 상당히 크므로 LDH가 혐기적 조건에서 효율적으로 기능을 하는 것으로 사료된다.5) and "Cleanliness of clothes ＆ features" (p ＜0.05) of VIP ward were significantly higher than those of a general ward.tive to apply.아울러 고려(考慮)해야

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1993

Dipyridamole은 정맥주사시 매우 안전한 것으로 알려져 있으며 일반적으로그 약물효과는 혈압강하와 심계항진에 의한 증상이 대부분이다. 저자들은 dipyridamole 부하 심근 SPECT를 시행한 847명 환자에서 dipyridamole에 대한 반응양상과 부작용에 대해 조사하였다. 대상환자는 847명으로 이들 중 혈압과 맥박수의 측정기록이 있는 702명에서 심근의 관류결손부위에 따른 헐압과 맥박수의 곱과 곱의 비를 분석하여 dipyridamole에 대한 반응을 조사하였다. 1) Dipyridamole 투여후 나타난 부작용으로는 흉통이나 흉부불쾌감(20.3%)이 가장 많았고 두통이 14.8%, 숨이 차다고 한 예가 4.6%, 복통이 4.3%, 어지러움이 2.2%의 빈도를 보였다. 2) Dipyridamole 투여후 대부분의 환자에서 혈압감소를 보여 93.6%에서 혈압이 감소하였고, 0.9에서 혈압의 변동이 없었고, 5.5%에서는 오히려 혈압이 증가하였다. 3) Dipyridamole 부하전의 맥박수에 비해 10%이상의 증가를 보이지 않은 경우는 전체 대상환자의 8.3%였다. 당뇨환자의 16.9%, 비당뇨환자의 6.7%에서 맥박수의 증가를 보이지 않았다(p<0.005). 4)심근 SPECT상 관류결손이 없는 234명에서 연령과 RPPr의 관계는 연령이 증가함에 따라 RPPs/RPPr는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 관류결손이 있는 환자 468 명에서도 연령과 RPPs, RPPs/RPPr이 같은 결과를 보이고 있다. 5) 휴식기 심근의 관류결손이 있는 환자군에서 심근의 관류결손의 크기와 RPPr과 RPPs/RPPr은 관련이 없었다. Dipyridamole에 의한 반응으로 비전형적인 반응을 보인 경우는 혈압증가가 5.5%, 맥박의 증가가 없는 경우가 8.3% 였다. 혈압과 맥박수의 곱 또는 곱의 비와 연령과의 관계는 휴식기 심장부하가 많은 고령의 환자에서 증가되어 있었으며 dipyridamole부하에 의한 심장부하량은 나이가 많은 환자에서 적어짐을 시사하였다. 관류결손이 있는 환자와 없는 환자에서 dipyridamole부하로 인한 심장부하량에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Dipyridamole에 의한 부작용은 흉통, 두통, 복통 등의 순이었고 전예에서 호전되었으며 생명에 위험을 초래할 수 있는 정도의 심장마비나 심부정맥은 한 예에서도 없었다. 결론적으로 dipyridamole은 약물부하 심근 SPECT 검사에 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 약물로 사료된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

A.C. impedance properties of HA/Ti compound layer coated Ti-30Ta-($3{\sim}15$)Nb alloys have been studied by electrochemical method. Ti-30Ta binary alloys contained 3, 7, 10 and 15 wt% Nb were manufactured by the vacuum furnace system. And then specimen was homogenized at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs. The sample was cut and polished for corrosion test and coating. It was coated with HA/Ti compound layer by magnetron sputter. The non-coated and coated morphology of Ti alloy were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and filed emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The corrosion behaviors were investigated using A.C. impedance test (PARSTAT 2273, USA) in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Ti-30Ta-($3{\sim}15\;wt%$)Nb alloys showed the ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ phase, and $\beta$ phase peak was predominantly appeared in the case of increasingly Nb contents. The microstructures of Ti alloy were transformed from needle-like structure to equiaxed structure as Nb content increased. From the analysis of coating surface, HA/Ti composite surface uniformed coating layer with 750 nm thickness. The growth directions of film were (211), (112), (300) and (202) for HA/Ti composite coating on the surface after heat treatment at $550^{\circ}C$, whereas, the growth direction of film was (110) for Ti coating. The polarization resistance ($R_p$) of HA/Ti composite coated Ti-alloys were higher than those of the Ti and HA coated samples in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Especially, corrosion resistance of Ti-Ta-Nb system increased as Nb content increased.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.558-568
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• 2011

Hazardous volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) have been increasingly getting concern in urban air chemistry due to photochemical smog as well as its toxicity or potential hazards. In this study, we investigated their concentrations and the properties in tunnel, urban roadside and residential area. As a result, among 36HVOCs measured in this study, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) and dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, trichlorofluoromethane were detected above the concentration of $1{\mu}g/m^3$ in every sampling site and the most abundant compound was toluene. The other compounds were detected at trace level or below the detection limit. In addition, we found that three CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), such as CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, were persistently detected because of the emission in the past. Toluene to benzene ratio (T/B) at tunnel and roadside were calculated to be 4.3~5.3 and at residential area 15.4, suggesting that the residential area had several emission sources other than car exhaust. The ratio of X/E (m,p-xylene to ethylbenzene) ratio was calculated to be 1.8~2.1 at tunnel, 1.7 at roadside and 1.2 at residential area, which means this ratio reflected well the relative photochemical reactivity between these compounds. Good correlation between m,p-xylene and ethylbenzene ($r^2$ > 0.85) were shown in every study sites. This indicated that correlation between $C_2$-alkylbenzenes were not severely affected by 3-way catalytic converter. In this study, it was demonstrated that the concentration of benzene was very low, compared with national air quality standard (annual average of $5{\mu}g/m^3$). Its concentration were $2.52{\mu}g/m^3$ in roadside and $1.34{\mu}g/m^3$ in residential area. We thought this was the result of persistent policy implementation including the reduction of benzene content in gasoline enforced on January 1, 2009.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 1996

콜레스테롤 메틸카보네이트와 프로필카보네이트의 결정구조를 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정들은 단사정계이고 공간군은 P21이다. 회절반점들의 세기는 흑연 단색화 장치가 있는 Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 X-선 회절계로 얻었으며, Cu-Kα X-선(λ=1.5418Å)을 사용하였다. 콜레스테롤 메틸카보네이트의 단위세포 길이 a=17.014(1), b=7.682(1), c=10.612(1)Å이며, β=103.05(1)°, Z=2이다. 한편 콜레스테롤 프로필카보네이트의 단위세포길이는 a=13.683(1), b=11.864(2), c=18.904(2)Å이며, β=106.30(1)°, Z=4이다. 분자구조들은 직접법으로 풀었으며 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였다. 최종신뢰도 R값은 메틸카보네이트는 2323개의 회절반점에 대하여 0.051이고, 프로필카보네이트는 3323개의 회절반점에 대하여 0.074이다. 이들 화합물들의 콜레스테롤부분의 분자구조들은 다른 관련 화합물에서 밝혀진 구조와 잘 일치하고 있다. 이의 두 화합물을 포함하여 콜레스테롤 카보네이트들의 결정구조들은 단분자층을 이루면서 쌓여 있어서 독특한 결정구조를 보여주며 같은 계열의 알킬 카보네이트들과 일련의 유사한 결정구조의 구룹들을 보여준다. 콜레스테롤 메틸카보네이트 분자들은 monolayer를 이루면서 쌓여있으며, monolayer 중심부에서는 cholesteryl-C(17) side chain 상호작용이 강하며 layer 사이에는 카보네이트사슬들이 느슨하게 모여있다. 프로필카보네이트 결정에서는 두 개의 결정학적으로 독립된 분자들(A and B)이 있다. A분자들간의 cholesterol-cholesterol상호작용과 B분자들간의 cholesteryl-C(17) side chain 상호작용들이 layer의 중심부에서 일어나며, 이들 분자들은 나사축 방향을 따라서 쌓여있다. 콜레스테롤 카보네이트의 구조들은 액체결정 상태의 특질을 가지고 있고, 이런 성질들을 결정구조와 관련하여 논의하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2009

This study investigated oxygen consumption rate (OCR), $Q_{10}$ coefficient and ammonia excretion rate of the greenling, Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks with the average body weight of 250 g in a semi-recirculated respiratory measuring system. The experiment was done under three different water temperatures (10, 15, $20^{\circ}C$) and five different ambient ammonia concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/L). As the water temperature and ambient ammonia concentration increased the OCR has significantly increased (P<0.05). Given experimental conditions, the OCR of greenling were $50.8{\sim}159.4\;mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$ and the relationship of water temperature (T) and ambient ammonia concentration (C) on the OCR were following: OCR = 41.3 - 1.87T - 7.38C + $0.463T^2$ + $0.66lC^2$ + 0.642TC - $0.011T^3$ - $0.010C^2$ - $0.031TC^2$ - $0.001T^2$C ($r^2$= 0.9226). $Q_{10}$ coefficients were $1.88{\sim}3.50$ for $10^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$, $1.03{\sim}2.73$ for $15^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$ and $1.40{\sim}1.90$ for $10^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. In general, the ammonia excretion rate tended to increase with increasing of the water temperature within normal ambient ammonia concentration. However, interestingly, it was observed that ammonia was absorbed rather than excreted above the ambient ammonia concentration of $2.5\;mg\;L^{-1}$, regardless of the water temperature. Thus, the largest ammonia absorption rate (AAR) was obserbed at the level of $98.4\;mg\;TAN\;kg^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$. The relationship ambient ammonia concentration (C) on AAR was following: Y = 1.61 + $10.9X^{0.7}$ ($r^2$ = 0.889).