• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The main game architectures for multiplayer online games are the traditional client-server architectures, multi-server architectures and P2P(peer-to-peer) architectures. P2P architectures, due to their distributed and collaborative nature, have low infrastructure costs and can achieve high scalability as well as fast response time by creating direct connections between players. However, P2P architectures face many challenges. Distributing a game among peers makes maintaining control over the game more complex. These architectures also tend to be vulnerable to churn and cheating. Providing consistency control in P2P systems is also more difficult since conflicting updates might be executed at different sites resulting in inconsistency. In order to avoid or correct inconsistencies, most multiplayer games use a primary-copy replication approach where any update to the object has to be first performed on the primary copy. This paper presents the primary-copy model with the update dissemination mechanism that provides consistency control over an object in P2P architectures for multiplayer online games. The performance for this model is evaluated through simulation experiments and analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1129-1142
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify the impact factors of SBAR reporting education applied during clinical practice of nursing students on communication clarity, communication satisfaction, reporting confidence, and communication competency. Data collection period was from December 1st, 2019 to December 20th, 2019 and two nursing universities extracted conveniently for third graders who completed clinical practice for more than six weeks. The number of eligible applicants is 103 who received SBAR reporting and training and 113 who did not receive training. Data were analyzed by t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. Positive correlation were between communication clarity and communication competency(r=.52, p<.001), and between reporting confidence and communication satisfaction(r=.53, p<.001), communication competency and reporting confidence(r=.46, p<.001). communication competency was a significant influence factor with communication clarity(𝛽=.28, p<.001), communication satisfaction(𝛽=.43, p<.001), and reporting confidence(𝛽=.15, p=.009) 49.0% explanatory power. In conclusion, it is necessary for nursing students to develop educational systems and teaching methods to strengthen the reporting system by identifying practical skills during clinical practice.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-170
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• 1991

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of demographic-socialogical variables.(ie. educational level, duration of marriage, mate selection type, monthly income, number of children and the frequencies of family's jonit-leisure-activity) and efficiency of the interspous communication on marital satisfaction over the family life cycle. The subject were 278 husbands and wives living in Seoul area who had the eldest child attending at elementary school, middle school , high school and university , respectively. The families were categorized to Duvall's family life cycle. Before the main study was conducted from SEP. 27 to OCT. 8. 1990. a pre-test was conducted on 52 subjects form SEP. 20 to SEP.23.1990. The values of Chronbach's α were obtained on the efficiency of the interspouse communication (α =0.885) and marital satisfaction (α=0.939). Data analysis was by Chronbach's α, ANOVA. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. Path Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results were as follows; 1) Marital Satisfaction was positively related (1) to demographic-socialogical variables; educational level , monthly income, the frequencies of family's joint-leisure-activity (2) the efficiency of the interspouse communication. 2) Efficiency of the interspouse communication was positively related to the frequencies o family's joint-leisure-activity. 3) The relative importance of independent variables on marital satisfaction over the family life cycle was found to be varied in each stage of life cycle. (1) As for the group who had elementary-school-aged children; efficiency of the interspouse communication (β=0.717.p<.001), joint-leisure-activity frequency (β =0.303.p<.001), monthly income(β=0.202.p<.001), mate selection type(β=0.180.p<.05), (2) As for the group who had middle-school-aged children; efficiency of the interspouse communication (β=0.702.p<.001), (3)As for the group who had high school-aged children; efficiency of the interspouse communication (β=0.488.p<.001), joint-leisure-activity frequency (β=0.368.p<.001), (4)the group who had university-aged children; efficiency of the interspouse communication.(β=0.729.p<.001), monthly income (β=0.164.p<.01). The regression model showed that 55 percent of the marital satisfaction could be account for by demographic-socialogical variables and efficiency of the interspouse communication (R2=0.551)

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

Networked virtual environments (NVEs) are distributed systems where geographically dispersed users interact with each other in virtual worlds by exchanging network messages. Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) is one of diverse applications where more than hundreds of users enjoy experiencing virtual worlds. A limited area called area of interest (AOI) in MMOG is reduced the load caused by message exchange between users. Voronoi-based Overlay Network (VON) is proposed to reduce the bandwidth consumption in P2P environments and Vorocast also is made using message forwarding in VON. We propose a dynamic AOI management method that solves problems such as a consistency and latency due to forwarding position updates to neighbor nodes from the message originator in forwarding scheme. Our scheme provides the consistency and reduces latency by combining direct connection scheme and Vorocast scheme compared to existing schemes. The communication between a user and users existing in center circle within AOI of the user is directly connected and the communication between the user and users existing outside the center area within AOI is using Vorocast scheme. The proposed model is evaluated through simulations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.2203-2217
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• 2016

To prevent structured peer to peer (P2P) overlay networksfrom being attacked by malicious nodes, a symmetric lookup-based routing algorithm referred to as Symmetric-Chord is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm determines the precision of routing lookup by constructing multiple paths to the destination. The selective routing algorithm is used to acquire information on the neighbors of the root. Authenticity of the root is validated via consistency shown between the information ascertained from the neighbors and information from the yet-to-be-verified root, resulting in greater efficiency of resource lookup. Simulation results demonstrate that Symmetric-Chordhas the capability of detecting malicious nodes both accurately and efficiently, so as to identify which root holds the correct key, and provides an effective approach to the routing security for the P2P overlay network.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2011

요즘은 "손 안의 컴퓨터"라 불리는 smartphone이 전 세계적으로 열풍이다. 휴대전화가 보급되어 일반사람들도 이동하면서 전화가 가능하게 된 지 얼마 되지도 않았다. Blackberry, apple, HTC, nokia, samsung, LG 등 수많은 제조업체들이 이미 smartphone 시장에 뛰어든 지 오래이며, 이들 간의 경쟁은 갈수록 치열해지고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 우리들의 생각을 반영하여 만들게 된 프로그램에 대한 것이고 따라서, "smartphone OS 중 가장 개발자를 위한다"는 평을 받고 있는 Android 기반의 P2P 프로그램에 대한 것이다. P2P는 많은 사람들이 파일공유를 목적으로 사용하는 프로그램으로, 이미 컴퓨터에서는 많이 사용되고 있다. 이는 트래커 서버 운영을 기반으로 한다. Android smartphone에서도 이러한 수요는 앞으로 급증할 것으로 보여서, 이 프로그램의 개발은 유저의 요구를 반영할 수 있는 의미있는 작업이라 하겠다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.815-834
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• 2012

Recently, along with the innovative development of wireless communication techniques and mobile devices, mobile P2P services in mobile wireless networks have gained a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose a resource discovery scheme with data dissemination over mobile P2P networks. In the proposed scheme, each peer manages a local information table, a resource index table, and a routing table in a local database to enhance the accuracy and cost of resource discovery. The local information table stores the status of a mobile peer, and the resource index table stores the resource information of the neighbor peers via the ranking function. The routing table is used to communicate with the neighbor peers. We use a timestamp message to determine whether or not the resource index table will be changed before the resource information is exchanged. Our ranking function considers the interest and mobility of the mobile peer and prioritizes the resource information transmitted from the neighbor peers. It is shown via various experiments that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing nursing performance in hospital nurses. Methods: The participants were 194 nurses working in one general hospitals in B cities. Data were collected from January 30 to March 30, 2018. SPSS/WIN 18.0 was used for analysis with t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: There was a significant correlation between nursing performance and self-leadership (r=.59, p<.001) and communication barriers (r=.35, p<.001). In the multiple regression, self-leadership (${\beta}=.50$, p<.001), position (${\beta}=.15$, p=.011) and communication barriers (${\beta}=.16$, p=.014) were associated with nursing performance. These factors accounted for 37% of the total variance in nursing performance. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, educational programs to improve self-leadership and communication barriers should be developed and implemented in order to foster nursing performance in hospital nurses.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

In a hybrid architecture that combines the technological advantages of P2P(peer-to-peer) and cloud computing, it is possible to efficiently supply resources and allocate loads. In other words, by appropriately utilizing the processing power of the players constituting P2P as well as the server in the cloud computing environment, MMOG(Massively Multiplayer Online Game) can be configured that considers the scale of economic cost and service quality. In fact, the computing power and communication bandwidth of servers in the cloud are important demand-based resources. The more it is used when renting, the higher the cost, while the quality of service improves. On the other hand, if the player's processing power is utilized a lot, the quality of service deteriorates relatively while the economic cost decreases. In this paper, a bandwidth adjustment technique between servers and players for MMOG based on this hybrid structure is described. When the number of players running at the same time increases, the players' actions are appropriately distributed to servers and players to effectively utilize the server's computing power and communication volume. Simulation results show that in the MMOG based on cloud and P2P hybrid architecture, the bandwidth of the server is proportionally decreased as the bandwidth directly handled by players is increased.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of compassion competence on communication behavior of long-term care hospital nurses caring for patients with cognitive impairment and the mediating effect of resilience in the process. The data collection period was from September 27, 2021 to October 22, 2021, and the subjects were 131 long-term care hospital nurses in P city. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program, and descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed. As a result of the study, first, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between compassion competence and communication behavior(r=.625, p<.001), resilience and communication behavior(r=.535, p<.001). Second, resilience was verified as a partial mediating in the relationship between compassion competence and communication behavior(Z=2.012, p=.042). Therefore, in order to improve the communication behavior of nurses, it is suggested to develop and apply a program that can enhance compassion competence and resilience.