• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2002

In this paper, the electrical characteristics of fabricated p+-n junction diode are demonstrated and interpreted with different theoretical calculations. Dopants distribution by boron ion implantation on silicon wafer were simulated with TRIM-code and ICECaEM simulator. In order to make electrical activation of implanted carriers, thermal annealing treatments are carried out by RTP method for 1min. at $1000^{circ}C$ under inert $N_2$ gas condition. In this case, profiles of dopants distribution before and after heat treatments in the substrate are observed from computer simulations. In the I-V characteristics of fabricated diodes, an analytical description method of a new triangular junction model is demonstrated and the results with calculated triangular junction are compared with measured data and theoretical calculated results of abrupt junction. Forward voltage drop with new triangular junction model is lower than the case of abrupt junction model. In the C-V characteristics of diode, the calculated data are compared with the measured data. Another I-V characteristics of diodes are measured after proton implantation in electrical isolation method instead of conventional etching method. From the measured data, the turn-on characteristics after proton implantation is more improved than before proton implantation. Also the C-V characteristics of diode are compared with the measured data before proton implantation. From the results of measured data, reasonable deviations are showed. But the C-V characteristics of diode after proton implantation are deviated greatly from the calculated data because of leakage currents in defect regions and layer shift of depletion by proton implantation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2016

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]) is a legume cultivated throughout most tropical countries and is valued as food and feed for human and livestock respectively. The search for an improved cowpea variety has been on-going with the aim of improving traits such as grain yield, drought and pest resistance. But no information exist on the feeding value of these improved varieties. Phosphate (P) fertilizer application is recommended to augment grain yield in grain legumes but data on the effect of P fertilizer on haulm quality is limited. Results: Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P fertilizer dose on the nutritive value of haulms from different cowpea varieties (V). In experiment 1, effect of three P doses (30, 60 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) characteristics, concentrations of digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of haulms from five cowpea varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75, Songotra-IT97K-499-35, Hewale-IT93K-192-4, IT99K 573-1-1 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2) were investigated using the $3(P){\times}5(V)$ factorial treatment arrangements in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, the effects of two P doses (30 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) and two varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4) on the voluntary feed intake, live weight, haematology and carcass characteristics of Djallonke lambs were also assessed using a $2(P){\times}2(V)$ factorial treatment arrangement. The $V{\times}P$ interaction significantly affected CP, NDF and ADF with CP concentration increasing with increase in P doses in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2. Whilst an increase (P < 0.05) in NDF was observed in Songotra-IT97K-499-35and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2 as P doses increased, the other V only increased from P dose 30 to 60 kg/ha and declined at P dose 90 kg/ha. The ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in P dose for all V with the exception of Songotra-IT97K-499-35. There was a significant V effect on DOM with the highest reported in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 (43.44 %). Daily DM intake, carcass length and blood urea nitrogen of the lambs were significantly affected by the V x P interaction. There was a significant V effect on globulin and P effect on live weight at slaughter, dressed weight, chuck, leg, loin, rib and flank and liver and lungs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrient concentrations of cowpea haulms were positively influenced by different P dose and varieties with favorable effects on growth, haematology and carcass composition of lambs. Varieties Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4 at P dose at 90 kg/ha are recommended to enhance growth performance and carcass yield of Djallonke lambs.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

This study was carried out to obtain basic data on mycelial growth characteristics for an artificial cultivation of Volvariella volvacea. Twelve URP primers were used to assess genetic relationship of V. volvacea and its result was divided into two groups. But there was nothing different in morphological characteristics in V. volvacea. Among five kinds of mushroom media, MCM medium was selected as the favorable culture medium. The optimal range of temperature and pH for mycelial growth on V. volvacea were 35oC and pH 6~8, respectively. Carbon sources had not an effect on 10 strains of V. volvacea, and nitrogen source for the optimum mycelial growth was yeast extract. Also, we selected GMVV 79004 as a superior strain of 10 strains V. volvacea based on the mycelial growth and yield.

• 전자공학회논문지T
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• 제36T권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

청녹색 발광을 하는 분산형 전계 발광 소자의 제작, 전기적 및 광학적 특성에 관하여 검토하였다. 전기적 및 광학적 특성에서 전류와 휘도는 전압과 주파수에 따라 증가하였으며, 휘도는 20㎑, 150V의 구동 조건에서 840㏅/㎡를 보였다. 그리고 그 결과를 등가회로화에 의해서 설명하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.2154_2155
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• 2009

Development of renewable energy is promoted to achieve sustainability. So researchers are seeking and developing a new, clean, safe and renewable energy. However, solar energy is an extreme intermittent and inconstant energy source. In order to improve the photovoltaic system efficiency and utilize the solar energy more fully, and the DC power vary with the irradiation, it is necessary to study the characteristics of P-V according to the external factors. This paper presents the analysis of characteristics of P-V according to the irradiation. The results show that the DC power of the photovoltaic system are increased along with the increasing values of irradiation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.2148_2149
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• 2009

Development of renewable energy is promoted to achieve sustainability. So researchers are seeking and developing a new, clean, safe and renewable energy. However, solar energy is an extreme intermittent and inconstant energy source. In order to improve the photovoltaic system efficiency and utilize the solar energy more fully, and the DC power vary with module temperature, it is necessary to study the characteristics of photovoltaic P-V according to the external factors. This paper presents the analysis of characteristics of photovoltaic P-V according to the module temperature. The results show that it seems that when the module temperature increases, the DC power increases. But actually, because when the irradiation increases, the DC power increases, the result of the relationship between DC power and the module temperature of solar cell will be effects by the increasing irradiation.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제30A권8호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1993

We fabricated 0.3um gate length inverse-T gate MOS(ITMOS) and conventional lightly doped drain oxide spacer MOS(LDDMOS), and studied electrical characteristics for comparison. Threshold voltage of 0.3um gate length device was 0.58 V for ITMOS and 0.6V for LDDMOS. Measured subthreshold characteristics showed a slope of 85mV/decades for both ITLDD and LDDMOS. Maximum transconductance at V S1ds T=V S1gs T=3.3V was 180mS/mm for ITMOS and 163mS/mm for LDDMOS respectively. GIDL current was observed to be 0.1pA/um for ITOMS and 0.8pA/um for LDDMOS. Substrate current of ITMOS as a function of drain current was found to be reduced by a foactor of 2.5 compared with that of LDDMOS.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1979

The microstructures and memory core characteristics of substituted lithium ferrites with addition of $Bi_2O_3$, $V_2O_5$, $Nb_2O_3$, and $P_2O_5$ were investigated. The effects of composite flux on the sintering of the substituted lithium ferrites were also studied. The results show that the addition of $Bi_2O_3$, $V_2O_5$, and $Nb_2O_5$ enhances sintering whereas $Sb_2O_3$ and $P_2O_5$ inhibits it, and that the addition of $Nb_2O_5$ results in uniform grain size while the addition of $Bi_2O_3$ or $V_2O_5$ results in non-uniformity in grain size. When $P_2O_5$ was added with $V_2O_5$ or $Bi_2O_3$, however, it results in uniform grain size and improved memory core properties.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2011

In this article, the effect of the crystal structural environment of $Pr^{3+}$ ions on the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of double tungstates, such as $A(M_{1-X}Pr_X)W_2O_8$ (A=Li, Cs, M = In, Y, Sc, La; $0.007{\leq}x{\leq}0.1$) and $La_{1.96}Pr_{0.04}W_3O_{12}$ are characterized. By varying the ion radius in A and M sites, the structural environment of $Pr^{3+}$ ions were modified. The structural criteria, that is, the point charge electrostatic potentials V around the $Pr^{3+}$ activator, were calculated using the crystal structural parameters. The point charge potential V can be a valid criterion for $^3P_o$ quenching in various double tungstates. When the calculated V values are large (> 6.0), the luminescence from the $^3P_0$ level becomes dominant. When the calculated V values are about 3.8, the $^1D_2$ line appears weakly but $^3P_0$-level luminescence is absent. When the calculated V values are small (< 2.0), the luminescence from the $^1D_2$ level becomes dominant and $^3P_0$-level luminescence is absent. At 2.0$^3P_o$ quenching to $^1D_2$ level occurs substantially in accordance with the structural criterion of the point charge potential model.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2010

Fuel cell as a renewable energy source is clean and has a lot of advantages. The source can solve energy crisis and environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, air pollution and the ozone layer destruction. This paper introduces hybrid system(hydro-Genius Professional, heliocentris) of solar cell and fuel cell. Also, this paper shows the I-P, V-I characteristics of fuel cells which are connected in parallel and series. From these results, we also found the maximum power was transferred at 0.5[${\Omega}$]. The terminal voltage was also decreased according to the current because of the internal resistance. The power transfer in series was two times than that in parallel.