• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.979-985
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• 2001

Two experiments on commercial broiler chickens (3-37 d) and WL layers (252-364 d) were conducted to study the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from different P supplements in comparison to tricalcium phosphate (TCP), at constant dietary calcium (Ca):P ratio. The P sources tested were dicalcium phosphate (DCP), steam sterilized bone meal (SSBM), commercial mineral mixture (CMM), phosphoric acid (PA) and a combination of CMM + PA. Fluorine (F) content in CMM and SSBM was 13.12 and 0.14 g/kg, respectively. In commercial broiler diets, DCP, SSBM or PA could be used as supplemental P sources without affecting (p<0.05) weight gain, feed intake, tibia ash and, P and Ca contents in tibia ash when compared to TCP. Severity of leg abnormality and deposition of F in bone were higher (p<0.05) in group fed CMM. P retention and serum inorganic P content was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in CMM fed birds compared to those fed TCP, SSBM, PA or CMM+PA. Among other P sources (TCP, SSBM, PA and CMM+PA) the serum inorganic P levels did not vary significantly (p<0.05). The P retention also significantly reduced in CMM fed groups compared to those fed DCP or PA. The P retention significantly increased from 0.183 to 0.216 units by supplementation of PA to CMM diet. In layers, egg production was not affected by replacing TCP with DCP, SSBM, PA or CMM+PA, but significantly (p<0.05) reduced with CMM. Feed (kg)/kg egg mass, egg weight, shell quality (shell weight and shell thickness) and serum Ca levels were not influenced by dietary variation in P source. The poor performance of both broilers and layers fed on CMM based diets could be attributed to the presence of hlgher levels of F (647.8 and 630.1 mg/kg, respectively) and low P utilization. Based on growth, bone mineralization and P retention it is concluded that DCP, SSBM or PA can be used as alternatives to TCP in broiler diets. In WL layer diets, in addition to above P sources, CMM can also be used as supplemental P source by replacing one half of P from CMM with PA without affecting egg production and shell quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2015

최근 급격히 증가한 모바일 기기로 인하여 발생되는 데이터/제어 트래픽은 LTE/EPC 네트워크에서 중앙에 과다한 트래픽 수용문제가 중요 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 기존의 Centralized Mobility Management(CMM) 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크에서 Mobility Anchor 역할을 수행하는 Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)에서는 데이터 트래픽 과부하가 발생한다. 또한 Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크에서 분산된 Mobility Anchor 역할을 수행하는 PDN Edge Gateway (P-EGW)에서는 제어 트래픽의 과부하가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 CMM 기반과 DMM 기반을 결합한 새로운 Software Defined Network (SDN) 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크 이동성 관리 기법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여, P-EGW를 네트워크 내에 분산 배치하고 중앙에 P-GW를 배치한다. SDN 컨트롤러는 EPC의 역할도 수행하며 UE의 이동성에 따라 적절한 CMM 기법과 DMM 기법을 이용하도록 하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한, 제안하는 새로운 LTE/EPC 네트워크 구조와 기존의 CMM기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크 구조, DMM 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크 구조를 핸드오버 지연시간과 데이터 전송시간 측면에서 성능 비교 분석을 한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.891-898
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of crude oligosaccharide extract from coconut milk meal (CMM) and spent tea leaves (ST) on the performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were raised on litter-floored pens and had ad libitum access to water for 42 days. The experiment was conducted on chicks fed with basal diet (CON), commercial mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), crude oligosaccharide extract from CMM, and crude oligosaccharide extract from ST. The experimental diets were supplemented with 2 and 1 g/kg oligosaccharides during the starter and grower periods, respectively. Results: The body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the MOS group was higher than that of birds in the other groups (p<0.05) in the starter period. However, during the grower period, ST significantly improved the BWG compared to the MOS (p<0.05). MOS, CMM, and ST showed no influence on the carcass and visceral organ weight and the weight and length of intestine (p>0.05). The digestibility of gross energy was greater (p<0.05) in the CMM group than in the CON group during the grower period. Morphological changes were absent in the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Conclusion: The improvements in the growth performance were partly driven by nutrient digestibility of such oligosaccharides having prebiotic properties. This result can indicate that supplementing broiler diets with crude oligosaccharides from CMM and ST had no negative effect on the growth performance and gut development of broilers.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2005

Higher requirement of advanced building design code and the development of construction technique have resulted in more thermal and air tight buildings. This has caused the sick building syndrome in a indoor air quality has been relatively getting worse. A new concept with a solar fresh air heating and electrostatic precipitator or called as STCC(Solar Transpired Collector and Cyclone) has been proposed to solve this IAQ issue. This paper describes the assessment study of STCC system under different outdoor airflow rates. The experiment was carried out under real condition with 30CMM STCC system test facility. Incense smoke was used to study the particle concentration decay trends under outdoor airflow rates 0CMM, 10CMM, 20CMM, 30CMM, with applied voltages of 5kV and 15kV for collecting and discharging electrodes of an Electrostatic Precipitator. Result shows that the particle decay increases by increasing the outdoor airflow rates. The collection efficiency, dust cleaning effectiveness(P) and application area calculation result comparisons have also been studied. This factors could be used to estimate how a dust of indoor air quality(IAQ) and removed for a building space with a STCC system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.768-779
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• 2017

Recently, the great number of mobile devices causes excessive data/control traffic problems in the centralized LTE/EPC network and such dramatically increased traffic is emerging as a critical issue. In the Centralized Mobility Management (CMM) based LTE/EPC network, the Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) plays the centralized mobility anchor role and it accommodates most of data traffic. To solve this problem, the IETF has proposed the Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) scheme, but it has only focused on the data traffic load balancing and could not solve the control traffic overload problem. In this paper, therefore, we propose a new SDN based hybrid CMM/DMM Mobility Management (C-DMM) architecture based on Packet Network Edge Gateway (P-EGW), and introduce a selection scheme between CMM and DMM according to a device's mobility and the number of PDN connections. In order to prove the efficiency of the proposed architecture and scheme, we compare the data traffic processing load and the control traffic processing load over each scheme by emulating them in the ONOS controller and the Mininet environment.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.557-561
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• 2007

Along with the significance of information systems in today s global business operation, the significance of information systems control and audit is ever increasing in the effort to secure accuracy and integrity of vital business data. A study is undertaken to integrate Food and Drug Administration computerized systems validation regulations. Securities & Exchange Commission Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 200 and other significant regulations, and lastly, People Capability Maturity Model into one comprehensive information system validation model. The initial benefits to this comprehensive model are convenience, time-saving, and synchronization of the regulations. An organization that is striving for a high level of quality system in its essential operating areas of organization may opt for this model. After the complete development of the model, a field test would be scheduled to test its efficacy and validity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

This paper presents an atomic force probe for triggering coordinate measuring machines(CMMs). A rigorous comparison is made between touch trigger probe and atomic force probe for CMMs. Typical CMMs(touch trigger probe based CMMs) often lead to some errors associated with object curvature and difference in triggering sensitivity. Their applicability is limited only to hard objects. The aim of this work is to develop a trigger sensor for CMMs using atomic force. In order to show the applicability of atomic force as a trigger sensor, a cylindrical shape is measured with a CMM and an atomic force microscope. Three different touch probe heads with different ball sizes are tested. The experiments show that smaller ball provides better results for curved objects. The experimental results also show that the performance of atomic force as a trigger sensor is about that of the smallest ball probe. In addition, experiments are also performed to measure soft objects. Finally, this paper suggests and verifies a trigger sensor using atomic force for CMMs.