• Title/Summary/Keyword: P·I Control

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Effect of Onion on Kimchi Fermentation ( I ) (양파가 김치 발효에 미치는 영향( I ))

  • 이진희;이혜수
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.27-30
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    • 1992
  • The changes on the pH and acidity of kimchi with the addition of different amounts of onion were inverstigated during fermentation at $14^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. As the fermentation period increases, the pH of kimchi contained onion was higher than that of control kimchi, and tokal, volatile and non-volatile acidity of kimchi contatined onion were lower than those of control kimchi, at $14^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$.

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Corrosion Control in Water Distribution System using Lime and Carbon Dioxide(I) - Determination of Optimum Operational Conditions in Lime Adding Process (소석회와 CO2를 이용한 상수관로의 부식제어(I) - 소석회 주입공정의 최적 운전인자 도출)

  • Sohn, Byung-Young;Byun, Kyu-Sik;Kim, Young-Il;Lee, Doo-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.373-378
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    • 2008
  • The pH & alkalinity adjustment method by lime and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) for corrosion control in water distribution system was investigated to determine the optimum operational condition in lime adding process in water treatment plant(WTP). The mixing time at dissolution tank and sedimentation time at saturator for maintaining optimal turbidity condition of lime supernatant were 60~75 minutes and 75~95 minutes, respectively. There was no difference according to $CO_2$ adding methods such as $CO_2$ saturated water or $CO_2$ gas. But, $CO_2$ saturated water could be convenience at WTP in terms of pH control and quantitative dosing. To minimize generation of calcium carbonate products, the short time interval between adding of lime and $CO_2$ is most important. The lime should be added below 32 mg/l for preventing pH rising and generation of calcium carbonate products at the heating condition.

Protective Effects of Geniposide and Extract of Korean Gardeniae Fructus -On Hepatic Injury Induced by Toxic Drugs in Rats- (한국산 치자(梔子) 엑스 및 Geniposide의 약물성(藥物性) 간장해(肝障害)에 대한 보호효과(保護效果))

  • Kim, Gyung-Wan;Chung, Myung-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.25 no.4 s.99
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    • pp.368-381
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    • 1994
  • This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Gardeniae Fructus on GOT, GPT, Al.p, LDH activities and level of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_{4}$ and $_{D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated rats, and bile excretion. The geniposide and extract caused a remarkabel decrease of GPT activities, level of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_{4}$ intoxicated rats at EtOH Ex. 300, 500 mg/kg p.o., MeOH Ex. and geniposide 100 mg/kg p.o., and GOT, Al.p, LDH activities were significantly decreased compared with control group. It caused a remarkable decrese of GPT, Al.p, LDH activities in serum of $_{D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated rats, and GOT activities was significantly decreased compared with control group. The geniposide and extract caused a remarkable increase of bile excretion, when administration of EtOH extract 500 mg/kg p.o., MeOH extract 100 mg/kg i.d., MeOH extract 50 mg and geniposide 50 mg/kg i. v. compared with normal-control group.

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Herbal Medicine Treatment for Cold Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (한랭 두드러기에 대한 한약 치료: 체계적 문헌 고찰 및 메타분석)

  • Hae-Na Kim;Jeong-Hwa Oh;Hwa-Jung Yoon
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.122-144
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    • 2023
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment in patients with cold urticaria. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine for cold urticaria through domestic and international databases from their inception to September 2023. The results were summarized in tables. We assessed the risk of bias in included RCTs through Cochrane risk of bias tool and the data synthesis was conducted through RevMan version 5.4. Results : A total of 12 RCTs were included in this review and all trials compared herbal medicine alone treatment(treatment group) with western medicine alone treatment(control group). The total effective rate(TER) of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group(RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.62, p<0.00001, I2=65%). On the other hand, when comparing except for 1 trial with different evaluation period, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47, p<0.00001, I2=0%). And when comparing 8 trials using the total symptom score(TSS) change index as an indicator of TER, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.51, p<0.00001, I2=0%). The treatment group showed more statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in TSS(MD: -2.51, 95% CI: -2.63 to -2.40, p<0.00001, I2=99%). The relapse rate of treatment group was statistically lower than that of control group(RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p<0.00001, I2=0%). Mild adverse events such as sleepiness, dizziness were reported in control group and gastric discomfort was reported in treatment group. In the risk of bias assessment, many cases were evaluated as 'Unclear risk'. Conclusions : This review found that herbal medicine alone treatment could more effective and safe than western medicine alone treatment for cold urticaria. But further well-designed researches are needed because of heterogeneity between trials and the quality of the included trials.

Psychological And Pedagogical Study Of Neurotic Reactions Of Higher Education Students During The Implementation Of The Form Of Control

  • Diachenko, Iurii;Ovchar, Oleksandr;Dubka, Oleksandr;Pastukhov, Oleksandr;Duve, Khrystyna;Kostiuk, Dmytro
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2021
  • The article provides an examination of those temporary states of disturbances in the psychophysiological and socio-psychological spheres of a person, which develop against the background of normally formed mechanisms of mental activity, that is, in mentally healthy people. A healthy person is a person adapted to the conditions of the external environment, and mental health is inseparable from the physical and social well-being of a person. The cause of the disorder is the impact on a person of any environmental factors that weaken the mechanisms of social and psychological adaptation of the individual.

Decrease of Intracellular pH and Activation of $Na^+-H^+$ Exchanger by Fluid Pressure in Rat Ventricular Myocytes (유체 압력에 의한 흰쥐 심실근세포 pH의 감소 및 $Na^+-H^+$ 교환체의 활성화)

  • Kim, Joon-Chul;Woo, Sun-Hee
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.247-250
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    • 2011
  • An increase in ventricular pressure can alter cardiac excitation and contraction. Recent report has demonstrated that fluid pressure (FP) suppresses L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current with acceleration of the current inactivation in ventricular myocytes. Since the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels known to be regulated by intracellular pH ($pH_i$), this study was designed to explore whether pressurized fluid flow affects pHi in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. A flow of pressurized (~16 dyne/$cm^2$) fluid, identical to that bathing the myocytes, was applied onto single myocytes, and intracellular $H^+$ concentration was monitored using confocal $H^+$ imaging. FP significantly decreased $pH_i$ by $0.07{\pm}0.01$ pH units (n=16, P<0.01). Intracellular acidosis enhances the activity of $Na^+-H^+$ exchanger (NHE). Therefore, we examined if the NHE activity is increased by FP using the NHE inhibitor, HOE642. Although HOE642 did not alter $pH_i$ in control conditions, it decreased $pH_i$ in cells pre-exposed to FP, suggesting enhancement of NHE activity by FP. In addition, FP-induced intracellular acidosis was larger in cells pre-treated with HOE642 than in cells under the control conditions. These results suggest that FP induces intracellular acidosis and that NHE may contribute to extrude $H^+$ during the FP-induced acidosis in rat ventricular myocytes.

Channel Doping Effect at Source-Overlapped Gate Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (소스 영역으로 오버랩된 TFET의 Channel 도핑 변화 특성)

  • Lee, Ju-Chan;Ahn, Tae-Jun;Yu, Yun Seop
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.527-528
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    • 2017
  • Current-voltage characteristics of source-overlapped gate tunnel field-effect transistor (SOG-TFET) with different channel doping concentration are proposed. Due to the gaussian doping in which the channel region near the source is highly doped and that far from the source is lightly doped, the ambipolar current was reduced, compared with the uniformly-doped SOG-TFET. On-current is almost similar in P-P-N and P-I-N structure but subthreshold swing (SS) of P-P-N TFET enhanced 5 times higher than those of P-I-N TFET. off-current and ambiploar current of the proposed SOG-TFET decrease 10 times and 100 times than those of the uniformly-doped SOG-TFET.

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I-P Controller Design for Quadruple-Tank System

  • Suksri, Tianchai;Kongratana, Viriya;Numsomran, Arjin;Trisuwannawat, Thanit;Tirasesth, Kitti
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.1862-1866
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    • 2003
  • A control system design with Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM) is proven that effective for SISO control design. But the control system design for MIMO via CDM is not concrete procedure. In this paper presents the control system design method for quadruple-tank process via CDM. By using the decentralized method for both non-minimum phase and minimum phase are made. The results from Integral-Proportional (I-P) controller’s design via CDM and standard Proportional-Integral (PI) controls are also shown to compare the merits of the proposed controllers.

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ANALYSIS of A VSI-FED INDUCTION MOTOR VECTOR CONTROL with MODEL TRACKING CONTROLLER (전압형 인버터 구동 유도전동기 벡터제어계의 모델추종제어의 해석)

  • Kim, Keun-Ha;Kim, Yong-Ju;Choe, Gyu-Ha;Kim, Han-Sung;Shin, Dae-Cheol;Yu, Gwon-Jong
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1990.11a
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    • pp.347-351
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    • 1990
  • In this paper voltage source inverter(VSI)-fed induction motor vector control system is controlled by a derived model tracking controller. The system analysis is discussed from the viewpoints of ideal vector control, adoption of model tracking controller and derivation of linear model. Furthermore, the result is obtained by the model-tracking control compare with that of P-I, I-P control.

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A Precision Position Control of Antenna Driving System in Naval Vessel (함상 안테나 구동용 안정화장치의 정밀 위치제어)

  • Cho, Taik-Dong;Seo, Song-Ho;Nam, Ki-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.190-196
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    • 2001
  • The naval vessel must moves rolling, pitching, yawing by wave when it runs in ocean. Some narrow beam antenna needed position compensation by stabilizer or gimbal for best performance. This paper presents the precision position control for heavy weight(130kg) in roll and pitch direction. Generally it's called for gimbal. This gimbal uses P-I controller, and it's driven by linear actuator and servo motor. This gimbal gets ship's gyro signal and synchro, which have the absolute angle value. Some other similar equipments are driven by huge hydraulic power, but this gimbal is driven by small servo motor. This control loop gets the following procedure repeatedly; reading ship gyro and gimbal synchro, calculating compensated error and control output, driving motor and actuator The performance of gimbal system was satisfied.

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