• 제목/요약/키워드: Over-expression

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유산소 훈련 강도 차이가 비만 어린이의 산화적 조직 손상에 의한 심혈관질환 병태생리적 경로에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Aerobic Training Intensity Difference on Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiological Pathways Linking Oxidative Tissue Damage in Obese Children)

  • 우진희;신기옥;김근수;김영일;강성훈
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.1394-1401
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 12주 유산소 운동이 비만 어린이의 혈청지질성분, 항산화효소 활성 및 자율신경계 활동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 피험자들은 16명의 비만어린이와 19명의 정상어린이를 대상으로 12주간 중강도 유산소 운동을 실시하였다. 측정 항목은 VO2peak, 신체조성, 혈청지질, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG, SOD, GPx 활성, total mRNA, 그리고 자율신경계 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 체중은 OW그룹에서 시기간 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 12주 운동후 OR과 CO그룹에서 유의하게 증가하였다. WHR은 OR과 CO그룹에서 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 12주 운동후 OW그룹에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 비만 그룹에서 baseline TG는 대조군 보다 더 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 자율신경계 활성은 낮게 나타났다. 항산화효소 유전자 발현은 모든 그룹에서 시기간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 비만어린이에서 산화적 손상과 항산화효소 활성은 정상어린이와 유사하게 나타났다. 그러나 정상어린이에 비해 비만어린이의 TG는 더 높게 나타났고 자율신경계 활성은 더 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 비만어린이에서 TG의 증가와 자율신경계 활성의 감소는 비만환자의 출발점이 어린시기에 시작될 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 규칙적인 유산소성 운동은 어린시기에서 항산화효소 발현을 수정하여 줄 수 있다고 사료된다.

여대생이 지각한 부모의 양육태도 (Woman College Students' Perception of Their Parent's Child-rearing Attitudes)

  • 김영희;김신정
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.309-322
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: This study was carried out to show the parental child-rearing attitudes perceived by daughters(woman college students), who were in the process of pursuit of resonable values, ethics and preparing for marriage and settling down, and another purposes were to help them to have positive attitudes toward their child-rearing in the future and set up preliminary parenting education program. Method: The subjects were 120 woman college students who were freshmen to junior in one university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1999 to March in 2000. The contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. Result: 1) The age range of subjects were 19-25 years old and main rearer was mother(85.84%). 2) The perception of parent's child-rearing by subjects were revealed 555 statements and then tied together 50 themes: 'emphasizing on studying hard'(8.3%), 'doing by oneself'(5.6%), 'sternness'(5.2%), 'respect of personality'(4.5%), 'eagerness'(4.0%), 'humanity education'(4.0%), 'moderating in daily living'(4.0%), 'propriety education'(3.8%), 'sacrificing for children'(3.6%), 'expectation'(3.2%), 'concerning'(3.1%), 'parent-centered'(3.1%), 'giving a free hand'(2.9%), 'sharing with'(2.9%), 'consideration'(2.7%), 'over-protectiveness'(2.3%), 'hostile attitude' (2.2%), 'corporal punishment'(2.2%), 'expression of parental love'(2.0%), 'encouragement'(1.8%), 'family-centered' (1.8%), 'treating fairly'(1.6%), 'offering live experiences'(1.6%), 'exacting obedience'(1.62%), 'exemplary parental role' (1.6%), 'sexual discrimination'(1.6%), 'cooperation'(1.4%), 'giving favors'(1.4%), 'indifference'(1.4%), 'understanding' (1.3%), 'confidence'(1.3%), 'intimacy'(1.3%), 'pursuit of health'(1.3%), 'warm-hearted'(1.1%), 'stinginess'(1.1%),'broad-mindedness'(0.7%), 'granting'(0.7%), 'interfering'(0.7%), 'reproach'(0.7%), 'distinction of sex in household affairs'(0.7%), 'help'(0.5%), 'preparing for the future'(0.5%), 'disregarding'(0.5%), 'making environment'(0.4%), 'bringing up a child personally' (0.4%), 'comparing'(0.4%), 'religious life'(0.4%), 'good deed'(0.4%), invasion of privacy' (0.2%), 'controlling desire'(0.2%). 3) 50 themes were categorized by 18 categories once more: 'control' (13.2%), 'crazy for education'(12.3%), 'endeavoring'(8.6%), 'autonomy'(8.5%), 'home education'(7.7%), 'esteem' (6.67%), 'support'(6.67%), 'pursuit of healthy daily life'(5.6%), 'earnestness'(5.4%), 'disregarding personality'(5.4%), 'emotional bonding'(3.2%), 'imposing a burden'(3.2%). 'inhospitality'(3.1%), 'acceptance'(5%), 'discrimination'(2.3%), 'mature parenthood'(1.8%), 'strengthening family tie'(1.8%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.1%). 4) On the basis of this study, 3/5 of subjects(61.2%) perceived their parents had mature and autonomous child-rearing attitudes, and on the other hand 2/5(39.5%) of them perceived controlling, just forcing to work harder and personally disregarding attitudes. Conclusion: So we need to offer them nursing implementation such as preliminary parenting education program and parenting consulting like to strengthen positive perception and help improving in realistic, developmental child-rearing attitudes.

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사람의 골수 줄기 세포로부터의 골세포 분화 과정에서 BMP-2가 미치는 영향과 그에 따른 분화 유전자의 발현 비교 연구 (THE EFFECT OF RHBMP-2 IN HUMAN BONE MARROW-DERIVED STEM CELLS AS OSTEOGENIC INDUCERS)

  • 김인숙;장옥련;조태형;이규백;박용두;노인섭;;황순정;김명진;이종호
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2005
  • It is commonly acknowledged that bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) functions as a potential osteogenic inducer in bone formation. Recently, several papers reported that bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) from human is not responsive to BMP-2 in comparison to high capacity of BMP-2 in the osteoinduction of stromal cell derived from bone marrow of rodent animals such as rat or mouse. In this study, we characterized BMSC derived from 11 years old donor for the responsiveness to rhBMP-2, dexamethasone (Dex) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D), in order to analyze their function in the early osteogenesis. The effect of over mentioned agents was evaluated by means of assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/staining, RT-PCR analysis and von Kossa staining. In addition, we analyzed the meaning of expressed several osteoblastic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen typeI, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin with relation to either differentiation or mineralization. Only in the presence of Dex, human BMSC could commit osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization, and either BMP-2 or vitamin D treatment was not able to induce. But BMP-2 or Vitamin D showed potential synergy effect with Dex. ALP and bone sialoprotein were clearly expressed in response of Dex treatment compared to weak expression of osteopontin in early osteogenesis. Therefore, we expect that this study will contribute partly to elucidiating early osteogenesis mechanism in human, but variations among bone marrow donors must be considered through further study.

암 환아 부모의 경험에 대한 질적 연구 (The Experience of Parents Whose Child is Dying with Cancer)

  • 조영숙;김수지
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.491-505
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this research was to understand the structure of the lived experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer The research question was “What is the structure of the experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer\ulcorner” The sample consisted of 17 parents of children admitted to the cancer units of two university hospitals in Seoul. The unstructured interviews were carried out from October 10, 1991 through January 10, 1992. They were audio-recorded and analysed using Van Kaam's method. Parents ascribed the cause of the cancer to the mother's emotional imbalance during pregnancy, the mother's stress, failure to observe religious rites, food, the parent's sin, misfortune and pollution. The theme clusters were tension, fear and depression experienced during pregnancy, stress that children suffer from abusive parents, failure to observe religious activites, bad luck, and sins committed during a previous life. When the child suffered a recurrence of cancer, the parents experienced negative emotions, nervousness, sorrow. depression and death. The theme clusters were feelings of despair, helplessness, regret, guilt, insecurity, emptyness and apathy. The long struggle with cancer resulted in the loss of economic security, loss of psychological and physical well being, and social withdrawal. The theme clusters were the economic burden of medical cost, giving up treatment, debt, limited medical insurance coverage and blood transfusion. The loss of psychological well being included stress, lack of support systems, inability to carry out responsibilities, lack of trust of the medical ten family breakdown, inappropriate expression of emotion and not disclosing the diagnosis to the child. Physically the parents suffered fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of weight, dizzness, headache, psychosomatic symptoms, and increased consumption of liquor and cigarettes. Social withdrawal was manifested by taking time off from work to look after the child, decrease of outside social activities and feelings of isolation. Influences on family life were spousal conflicts, negative response of siblings, separation of the family members and economic hardship. The theme clusters were blaming a spouse for the cause of the illness and disagreements, maladjustment, lonliness, hostility and depression of siblings. The high price of medical care over the long period was a major factor influencing the life of the family. Positive experiences during the child's long illness were the strengthening of support systems and religious beliefs and financial help from social organizations. The support of one's spouse primarily helped to overcome the stress of the long illness. In addition, support was received from parents of other children with cancer and from nurses and religious leaders. The nurse, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom parents can express their feelings and share their experiences.

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기사 삭제 청구권 신설의 타당성 검토 잊힐 권리를 중심으로 (The Right To Be Forgotten and the Right To Delete News Articles A Critical Examination on the Proposed Revision of The Press Arbitration Act)

  • 문소영;김민정
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제76권
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    • pp.151-182
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    • 2016
  • 디지털 시대에 개인의 프라이버시 및 인격권 보호를 위해 잊힐 권리(the right to be forgotten)를 보장해야 한다는 주장이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔다. 본 논문은 유럽에서 촉발된 잊힐 권리에 대한 논의가 개인정보보호를 중심으로 링크 삭제 청구권이라는 법적 권리로 구체화된 반면, 한국에서 진행되고 있는 잊힐 권리 관련 논의가 언론 기사로 인한 개인의 인격권 침해 전반에 대한 피해 구제 차원으로 확대되면서 기사 삭제 청구권을 포함하는 법적 권리로 변용돼 논의되는 상황에 주목했다. 이에 본 논문은 잊힐 권리의 개념 및 그 보호법익을 해외 사례를 통해 파악한 후, 국내의 표현의 자유 규제 법률들을 살펴봄으로써 현재 추진되고 있는 기사 삭제 청구권 신설의 타당성을 검토했다. 한국은 헌법 21조 4항, 정보통신망법, 형법상의 명예훼손죄와 모욕죄, 민사상 명예훼손 손해배상 규정, 언론중재법, 공직선거법, 방송통신심의위원회의 심의, 대법원 판례 등으로 인격권과 명예훼손을 구제하는 법망이 해외에 비해 꽉 짜여 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 여기에 추가해 언론중재법에 기사 삭제 청구권을 신설하는 것은, 링크 삭제 청구권을 인정하지만 언론 기사 자체를 삭제하지는 않는 세계적 추세와 결을 달리할 뿐 아니라, 상충하는 법익들을 비교형량할 때 표현의 자유를 심대하게 침해할 위험이 크다고 주장한다.

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온도변화에 따른 담배나방 유충 지방체의 유전자 발현 비교 분석 (Comparison of Gene Expression in Larval Fat Body of Helicoverpa assulta in Different Temperature Conditions)

  • 차욱현;김광호;이대원
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2018
  • 곤충은 넓은 범위의 온도영역에 사는 것으로 알려져 있으나, $40^{\circ}C$가 넘는 고온이나 빙결온도 이하의 저온에서는 생존이 어렵다. 본 연구는 사육온도 조건이 다른 환경에서 대사중심 조직인 지방체의 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위해, 온도조건을 달리하여 담배나방을 저온 사육충 ($3{\sim}10^{\circ}C$), 고온 사육충 ($35^{\circ}C$)로 나누고 상온 사육충 ($25^{\circ}C$)을 대조구로 사용하여 전사체 분석을 수행하였다. 저온에서 특이적으로 높은 발현을 보인 유전자는 표피단백질, ${\Delta}9$ 불포화효소, 글리세롤 3-인산 탈수소효소이며, 저온에서 발현이 낮아진 유전자는 키틴 합성효소, catalase, UDP-당전이 효소이다. 고온에서 특이적으로 높은 발현을 보인 유전자는 과산화물제거효소, metallothionein 2, phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase, 트레할로스 운반단백질이었다. 고온에서 높고 저온에서 낮은 대조적 발현을 보인 유전자는 열충격단백질, glutathione peroxidase이었다. 이들 온도 특이적이거나 대조적 발현을 보이는 유전자는 기후변화에 관련한 특이마커로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

과발현 형질전환벼에서 CCCH type zinc-finger protein 유전자 OsZF2 기능 분석 (Functional characterization of a CCCH type zinc-finger protein gene OsZF2 by ectopic overexpression of the gene in rice)

  • 이정숙;윤인선;윤웅한;이강섭;변명옥;서석철
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2009
  • 벼의 저온처리 cDNA 은행에서 분리된 CCCH 형태 zinc finger 단백질인 OsZF2의 기능을 분석하기 위하여 벼에서 CaMV 35S 프로모터 조절하에 OsZF2가 발현(35S:OsZF2)되는 형질전환벼 식물체를 개발하였다. 35S:OsZF2 형질전환벼에 대한 하이그로 마이신저항성 검정을 통해 동형접합체 계통을 선발하고 Northern 발현분석에 의해 OsZF2 유전자가 형질전환체에서 과발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 형질전환체와 대조구인 낙동벼를 100 mM NaCl 첨가 MS 배지에서 키운 후 잎과 뿌리의 길이를 측정하여 내염성 검정을 수행한 결과 대조구에 비해 형질전환체 생육이 다소 양호 한 것으로 나타났다. GMO 포장에서 생육상태를 관찰 한 결과 형질전환체는 생육지연으로 인한 왜화 현상을 나타내며 출수기 또한 열흘 정도 지연되나 등숙기에는 대조구와 같은 초장을 보였다. zinc finger 유전자는 식물체의 발달과 분화 단계 및 환경 스트레스 반응 등 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으므로 유전체발현 분석으로 하위단계에서 조절되는 유전자 발현 양상을 분석하였다. 35S:OsZF2 전환체에서 낙동벼보다 4배 이상 발현이 증가된 유전자 중에서 게놈 주석에 기초한 기능을 유추하면 신호전달과 관련된 protein kinase, DNA 결합단백질과 대사에 관련된 효소 유전자, 스트레스 반응에 관여하는 일부 유전자 및 병 저항성과 관련된 유전자들의 발현이 증가되었다. 따라서 벼에서 분리된 OsZF2 CCCH type zinc finger 유전자는 벼 성장 발달과 스트레스에 반응하는 상위 조절자로서 기능을 할 것으로 추측된다.

저온저항성 유전자가 도입된 국화 형질전환체 특성 (The characterization of transgenic Chrysanthemum under low temperature condition)

  • 최인영;한수곤;강찬호;송영주;이왕휴
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2008
  • PCR 및 Real-Time PCR 검정으로 확인된 국화 형질전환체는 저온저항성 BN115 gene과 표지유전자로 kanamycin에 저항성 있는 nptII gene을 가지고 있는 식물발현용 binary vector pBin19/BN115가 삽입된 A. tumefacience MP90을 국화잎에 공동 배양함으로 유전자가 도입되었다. 최종 선발된 형질전환체의 온도별 생육은 형질전환체가 비형질전환체에 비해 초장, 생체중, 엽수 모두 우수하였다. 또한 저온에서의 상해정도 관찰에서도 수침상정도가 비형질전환체보다 경미하였다. 저온의 외부환경에 따른 국화잎의 기공모양은 닫고 있는 비형질전환체와 달리 형질전환체는 개구된 모양을 유지하고 있었으며, 크기는 형질전환체의 크기가 비형질전환체보다 더 큰 것으로 측정되었다. 저온조건에서의 형질전환체 엽록소 함량은 5, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 비형질전환체와 비교하여 SPAD value 값에 큰 차이가 없었지만, 10, $15^{\circ}C$에서는 최대 +5.7 (평균+3.0), +9.7 (평균 +5.7)로 상대적으로 높은 함량을 나타냈다 또한 Ion leakage test결과 저온저항성 유전자가 도입된 형질전환체의 세포가 외부환경에 안정적으로 적응하여 세포내 파괴나 상해를 받지 않음으로 형질전환체의 EC 농도 (ds/m)가 비형질전환체에 비해 $1.29{\sim}1.97$배 낮은 수치를 보였다.

Acacetin-induced Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Involves Caspase Cascade, Mitochondria-mediated Death Signaling and SAPK/JNK1/2-c-Jun Activation

  • Shim, Hye-Young;Park, Jong-Hwa;Paik, Hyun-Dong;Nah, Seung-Yeol;Kim, Darrick S.H.L.;Han, Ye Sun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2007
  • The mechanism of acacetin-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was investigated. Acacetin caused 50% growth inhibition ($IC_{50}$) of MCF-7 cells at $26.4{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$ over 24 h in the MTT assay. Apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation and an increase of sub-G1 cells and involved activation of caspase-7 and PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase). Maximum caspase 7 activity was observed with $100{\mu}M$ acacetin for 24 h. Caspase 8 and 9 activation cascades mediated the activation of caspase 7. Acacetin caused a reduction of Bcl-2 expression leading to an increase of the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. It also caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential that induced release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) into the cytoplasm, enhancing ROS generation and subsequently resulting in apoptosis. Pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS generation and cell growth inhibition, and pretreatment with NAC or a caspase 8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) inhibited the acacetin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c and AIF. Stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun $NH_4$-terminal kinase 1/2 (SAPK/JNK1/2) and c-Jun were activated by acacetin but extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) nor p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were not. Our results show that acacetin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells is mediated by caspase activation cascades, ROS generation, mitochondria-mediated cell death signaling and the SAPK/JNK1/2-c-Jun signaling pathway, activated by acacetin-induced ROS generation.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Operable HER-2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer

  • Liu, Ai-Na;Sun, Ping;Liu, Jian-Nan;Ma, Jin-Bo;Qu, Hua-Jun;Zhu, Hua;Yu, Cai-Yan;Zhang, Liang-Ming
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.1197-1201
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    • 2012
  • Objective: To study the relationship between clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment modalities and prognostic factors in HER-2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2) overexpressed breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Major clinico-pathological factors including therapeutic modalities and survival status of 371 breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression, teated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March of 2002 to December of 2010 were retrospectively studied, with special attention focused on survival-related factors. Results: The median age of the total 371 patients in this study was 48 years at time of diagnosis, among which, the leading pathological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (92.5%); 62.8% presented with a primary tomor larger than 2 cm in diameter at diagnosis, 51.0% had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases; ER (Estrogen receptor)/PR (Progesterone receptor) double negative occured in 52.8% of cases, and PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) (+++) was found in 55.1%. HER-2 overexpressed patients were usually in advanced stage when the diagnosis was made (72.8% at stages IIA~IIIC). The prognosis and survival were assessed in 259 patients with complete follow-up data. 5-year DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) rate was 68.0% and 78.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, ALN metastases, LVSI (lymph-vascular space involvement), PCNA status, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy cycles, and HER-2 overexpression, correlated closely with the prognosis. ALN metastases, LVSI, PCNA status and chemotherapy cycles were independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer has special clinical and pathological characteristics, with advanced clinical stages and high rate of ER/PR double negative. Lymph node metastases, LVSI, PCNA and chemotherapy cycles are independent predictors of prognosis.