• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.215-242
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• 2005

As CCTV can be an effective tool to prevent or suppress crime at low cost, they have been widesoread in developed countries. In spite of their effectiveness, they infringe some constitutional rights such as the right to privacy, the right of likeness and the right to control over personal information. The police and ward offices install CCTV in public areas to prevent crimes without a legal basis or standard. When information obtained in such a way is used as investigation data for the police or as an evidence in a court, it can cause serious trouble. To solve this problem, legal restriction on the installation of CCTV as should be clearer. Since current laws on public agencies' protection of personal information are too general, they are not effective enough to protect personal information. Therefore, Personal Information Protection Organic Act should be enacted to make a legal basis for protecting comprehensive personal information. It should be obvious who installs CCTVs, who pay for the cost and how they are managed. Before installation, the police and ward offices should obtain residents' consent through a public hearing or voting (on the range and purpose of installation), or conduct an impact assessment. During installation, CCTVs should be limited to prevent or suppress crimes, keep public order and void dangers. In case of making a sign of installation, it must specify its rights. After installation(operation/management phase), they should abide by principles of information protection and try not to infringe constitutional right. In the cognitive aspect, the police should constitutional rights must be secured although it is important to carry out their missions. The police should serve citizens and change to the police of communities. Citizens should understand that constitutional right can be infringed if public order is not maintained. When citizens cooperate with the police, they fear of crimes will decrease.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.285-310
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• 2003

As National Pension Scheme for all nation complete in 1999 through expanding application in cities, the public pension including Public Occupational Pension became main axis of old-age income maintenance. After 4years since then, now, it is only half of total National Pension insured persons who have been qualified to receive pension through participate and contribution. The other half of National Pension insured is left the excluded from public pension. This paper is intended to identify scale and characteristics of the excluded from public pension and to analysis its cause, and to explore policy measures for solving the excluded's problem. for current recipients over 60 years old generation, the its excluded's scale is no less than 86% of the old over 60 years. The probability of getting in the excluded is high in case of old elderly and female for current elderly generation. For future recipients 18-59 years working generation, the its excluded's scale is no less than 61% of the 18-59 years total population. The probability of getting in the excluded is high in case of 18-29 years and female for current working generation. As logistic regression analysis determinant factor of paying or not pension contribution for future recipients, it appear that probability of getting in the excluded for current working generation is high in case of younger old, lower education attainment, irregular employee, working at agriculture forestry fishery sector, construction sector, wholesale retail trade restaurants hotels sector, financial institution and insurance real estate renting and leasing sector in comparison with manufacturing sector, occpaying at elementary occupation, professionals technicians and associate professionals, sale and service workers, plant machine operators and assemblers, legislators senior officials and managers in comparison with clerks. The Policy measures for the current recipient old generation have need to reinforce supplemental role of Senior's pension(non-contribution pension) until maturing of public pension, because of no having chance of public pension participants for them. And the Policy measures for the future recipient working generation have need to restructure social security fundamentally corresponding with social-economic change as labour market and family structure etc. The pension system has need to change from one earner one pension to one citizen one pension with citizenship rights. At this point, public pension have need to manage with combining insurance's contribution principle and citizenship principle financing by taxes. Then public pension will become substantially universal social network for old-age income maintenance and we can find real solution for the excluded from.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2017

Advances in information technology, communication and network technology are radically facilitating digital convergences as the integration of human, equipment, and space in the current industry 4.0 era. In industry 4.0 environment, the vast amount of information with networked computing technology can be simultaneously accessible even in limited physical space. Two main benefit points out of these information are the convenience and efficiency in their online transactions either buying things online or selling online. Even though there exist so many benefits that information technology can create for the people doing business over the internet there is a critical problem to be answered. In spite of many such advantages, however, online transactions have many dysfunctions such as personal information leakage, account hacking, and cybercrime. Without preparing the appropriate protection methods or schema people reluctantly use the transaction or would find some other partners with enhanced information security environment. In this paper we suggested a novel selection criteria that can be used to evaluate the reliable means of authentication against the expected risks under on-going IoT based environment. Our selection criteria consists of 4 steps. The first step is services and risk identification step. The second step is evaluation of risk occurrence step. The third step includes the evaluation of the extent of damage. And the final step is the assessment of the level of risk. With the help of the above 4 step-approach people can systematically identify potential risks hiding in the online transactions and effectively avoid by taking appropriate counter actions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2004

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an enormous global health problem, and a new vaccine against TB more potent than the current inadequate BCG vaccine is urgently needed. We constructed three recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) strains over-expressing antigen (Ag) 85A, Ag85B, or both of M. tuberculosis using their own promoter and secretory sequence, or hsp60 promoter. SDS-PAGE analysis of rBCG proteins showed overexpression of Ag85A and Ag85B proteins in higher level than of those in their parental strain of BCG. In addition, rBCG(rBCG/B.FA) over-expressing Ag85A and Ag85B induced strong IFN-${\gamma}$ production in splenocytes. However, there was no significant difference in protective efficacy between rBCG and their parental BCG strain. In this study, therefore, rBCG over-expressing Ag85A, Ag85B, or both failed to show enhanced protection against M. tuberculosis infection in a mouse model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2018

Risk of radiation worker and radiation workplace are being mainly assessed by exposure dose. But, the radiation used in radiation workplace and the work environment are different. Because the nondestructive work environment varies depending on the work subject, the existence and nonexistence of shielding board, and so on. So, we need to consider the various factors in effective radiation protection aspect. We conducted a survey of radiation workers with over two years' experience in NDT workplace and heared the thoughts of experts. As a result, radiation source, exposure dose, current status of workplace management, workers with personel dosimetry problem and status of periodic regulatory inspection were chosen as main factors of radiation risk index model. Also, we primarily set weighting factors in order of importance based on questionnaires. Finally, we determined weighting factor for details of main factors through the professional advice. Therefore, we will be able to develop the radiation risk index model for assessing the risk of nondestructive test workplace based on main factors that are selected through this study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.136-145
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• 2011

One of a large proportion among the causes of fire is electrical factors, and of fire by electric factors, the accident which accounted for over certain percentage is electric leakage and ground fault. In order to reduce the electric leakage and ground fault, the technical guidelines on the protection of ground fault in the low-voltage electrical line (KECG 1091-2011) was amended for reflecting recent international standard, IEC 60364-4-41, and new conservation methods, which improved the reliability by recovering the facility's all-time use operation and breakdown defect, was on the rise. Accordingly, in this paper, after grasping the fire's status for last 10 years and analyzing the risk of electrical fires, and as a way to improve the electric leakage and ground fault accident which accounted for more than certain percentage, the revision of KECG 1091-2011 will be reviewed. And then, after applying to the preventive conservation methods in order to enhance the protection reliability of electric leakage and ground fault detection, the problems at issue routine inspection scheme and durable years scheme in time-scheduled conservation method are listed, along with suggestion of the problem-solving scheme, and the leakage current integrated monitoring systems and digital electric leakage devices by status monitor conservation method will be proposed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.58
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• pp.106-129
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• 2012

Social Network Service(SNS), which are an emerging form of political architecture, have been a political means to promote civic engagement and shape pubic opinions on social issues. Along with the influence of SNSs, the governmental control on the dissemination of information over SNSs has increased more and more. It would be ideal if the autonomous governance regulates SNSs which facilitate the networks of the dispersed people. It is the fact, though, that compulsory regulations under which the government controls impose policy and legal restrictions on political expressions. The current study addresses expressive and participatory nature embedded in technological characteristics of SNSs and discusses the problems of content regulations of political expression over SNSs. First of all, it is analyzed that light touch regulation or light touch monitoring should be applied to regulating content on SNSs, particularly political expressions. Constitutional Court proclaimed that legal restrictions on the Internet could infringe basic rights of the people and thus under unambiguous standards, the Doctrine of Clear and Present Danger should be applied to its content. Second, it is found that clarifying the definition of illegality in the application of legal restrictions is necessary to minimize the excessive misleading. Third, it is required that Korea Communications Standards Commission under the government control needs to change in determining the scope of illegal information. In a domestic level, there needs to be safeguards for the protection of the self-regulatory organization such as KISO to guarantee voluntary and autonomous regulatory practices.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.493-504
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• 2018

The diagnostic radiation equipment is managed in accordance with the "Rules for Safety Management of Diagnostic Radiation Equipment" enacted in 1995. The equipments should be inspected before use and every three years after use in accordance with the [Appendix 1] of the same rule. The inspection standard has been maintained without particular revision since enacted. But, over the past two decades new types of equipments have been manufactured and used. So, it is necessary to revise [Appendix 1] by making inspection items and inspection standards. In this study, we revised the classification system of equipments and reviewed international standards of IEC 60601 series, IEC 61223 series and AAPM TG 18 On-line Report No.03. And identified the problem of current inspection standards. Through this, we revised, deleted and added the inspection items and inspection standard of each equipment to meet the domestic circumstances. As a result of the study, we reorganized the classification system of equipment which are current classified as 5 classes into 22 classes as X-ray system etc. (7 classes), CT system etc. (5 classes) and Dental X-ray system etc. (10 classes). And then, we developed 70 inspection items for 6 types of equipments according to the reorganized classification system of equipments. The inspection items and inspection standards derived from this study have been proposed to the KCDC and will be applied to the revision of the Rule's [Appendix 1]. Therefore, we expect to be used as reference materials for domestic medical center, inspection institutions, and equipment manufacturing import companies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.61-87
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• 2017

National Assembly is a constitutional institution that is required to first consult the will of the people and it should do its effort continuously so that security of citizens using parking lot would be enhanced at the same time while improving parking service in order to increase customer satisfaction of the people. Under this recognition, in this study, Doonchi parking lot of National Assembly under consigned management was first reviewed in a perspective of criminal prevention through environmental design(CPTED) and particularly, fence installation and reinforcement work for securing 'territoriality' and operation of all round shooting camera and installation of No-trespassing warning board at entrance were suggested. Second, it was recommended to change independent control system in which CCTV security system of National Assembly Doonchi parking lot is operated separately from National Assembly safety situation room and integrate it with National Assembly safety situation room(revised to double safety system) and performance of CCTV camera was made to be increased to over 2m. In addition, video recording mode was converted to NVR mode for application to IP camera in the future and in order to avoid dead zone of security monitoring area and based on site inspection result, addition 3 places of newly installing CCTV were indicated. Third, it was recommended to introduce parking fare billing and management system through unmanned equipment in parking lot management and operation.(specialized management of professional parking service provider was reviewed). By doing so, risk of cash handling by charging personnel was removed by reducing current 7 working personnel to 3 and particularly, by converting parking lot management mode being operated temporarily from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. at present to 24 hours operation mode and providing more specialized parking service, citizens visiting National Assembly were provided with convenience and image of National Assembly was also enhanced. This study was carried out in parallel with various literature and case studies, including data from the Office of the Defense Protection in the National Assembly.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

The essence of Mutual aid service is looking into the general commerce about its goods and services that is a general viewpoint. Through the contract that the contractor related with the Mutual aid associations and Mutual aid companies. provide the goods and services to future member's demanding point. and members are pay out money, and pay for that on the installment plan. This Mutual aid business had been increased rapidly after 2005, it is expanded huge business, even its scale alone, the cost is estimated at over three trillion won. But because of Mutual aid business's prepayment installment plan, stipulated substance of the Law on hire-purchase systems were more actualized than in the past, but it leave much to be desired. for example, the obligation of explanation to Mutual aid associations and members of Mutual aid company, the consumer protection about the contract of advance received deposit, upward problem of capital, when establish the Mutual aid company etc. in this paper will review these problems and improvement about legal details that for the customers of Mutual aid service and development of Mutual aid industry, and claimed about Mutual aid law's singular legislation.