• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2019

In commercial areas, outdoor units are typically installed close to one another in the narrow space between buildings due to insufficient regulations. This makes it difficult to ventilate the discharge airflow, which may lead to deterioration of the performance of outdoor units. This study conducted CFD simulation to analyze the thermal environment according to the installation distance of the outdoor unit. The outdoor unit was installed in the space between buildings, and the thermal environment was analyzed by changing installation distance and wind speed. The performance of the outdoor unit was evaluated by measuring the on-coil temperature. The results show that the closer the distance between outdoor units, the higher the condenser on-coil temperature. Also, the on-coil temperature appeared to rise dramatically at lower wind speed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.577-585
• /
• 2004

In this paper, reactive shearing structural intensity method is extended to damping patches placement on outer panels of outdoor unit of air-conditioner to reduce its structural borne noise. The structural intensity is calculated from the normal velocities of structures that are measured by using a laser scanning vibrometer, and $textsc{k}$-space (wave-number domain) signal processing is used to obtain the spatial derivatives in formulation of structural intensity. This method is applied to the outdoor unit of air-conditioner on shaker-exciting mode and operating mode. and then damping patches are placed over area of high reactive shearing structural intensity for reducing the radiated noise. Experimental results show the largest reduction of sound pressure level of an outdoor unit by appling small damping patches to optimal position.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.762-768
• /
• 2015

This study examined the integration value of a low level pilotis space, a component that has been often selected as an essential planning element of the recent high-rise apartment complex, and compared the main outdoor unit spaces with that of an average integration value of the individual complexes. Furthermore, this study provided the preliminary data for the next level of research, which is the observation of the pilotis space usage behaviors and the frequency of utilization. The results of this present research are as follows. First, from the main outdoor unit spaces of the high-rise apartment complexes including the pilotis space, a 'complex entrance' or a 'plaza' space showed the highest integration value. Second, the spatial integration value of a pilotis space in a high-rise apartment complex was generally lower that of the integration value of other main outdoor units. Third, from the pilotis spaces of the high-rise apartment complex, those with a 'projecting entry access + pilotis addition type' that did not provide an access to the individual units, had the lowest space utilization rate by the inhabitants; thus, had a high likelihood of the spaces becoming used for illegitimate activities or becoming vacant.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2008

Air-cooled split-type air conditioners (AC) are very popular in high-rise residential and commercial buildings in Korea. The performance of such AC systems varies significantly with system characteristics and environmental conditions. Particularly, the outdoor condensing unit of the system, if poorly cooled due to high density of AC distribution and restricted outdoor space, will result in large decrease of cooling efficiency and increase of electrical energy consumption and may further jeopardize the system reliability. This paper presents a numerical analysis on the thermal and energy performance of a group of air-cooled air conditioners installed at a courtyard of a high-rise building. The study introduces a series of new energy performance indices to assess the group performance of the AC condensers with different outdoor unit layouts. The results not only indicate the COP of the systems, but also quantify the system capacity and energy consumption. The evaluation method and indices developed are useful for guiding the design of the distribution plan of the AC units at building re-entrants.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2009

Lately construction companies are differentiating the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes to satisfy the needs of residents by providing underground parking area and variety of outdoor community spaces. Building walking networks through residential unit area, the major passage area and the entrance area of the complexes is very important factor to increase the use of the outdoor environment in the complexes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and the elements for the planning of exterior pedestrian spaces carefully through the analysis of current large-scale apartment complexes. In this study, the utilization of space, the connectivity to other spaces and the application of Universal design were evaluated through site visits in 5 large-scale apartment complexes. As a result, the utilization of space is well applied in the most of complexes especially in residential unit area. The connectivity to other spaces has low application compared to the others. Universal design is also well applied except sub criteria for the blind in most of complexes. This study will be able to help in providing better exterior pedestrian environment for residents in apartment complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.24-34
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning characteristics of contemporary Japanese elementary schools. Fifteen schools, that have new planning trends or design ideas have been selected and analyzed. The planning characteristics of schools identified by plan analyses are summarized as follows. First, space programs of schools are diverse, especially in support facilities, gymnasiums and auditoriums. These spaces can be used by community members. So it is assumed that needs of communities are reflected in space programs of schools. Second, various types of unit learning spaces consisting of multipurpose spaces and classrooms embodied in case schools tell the differentiation in the structure of unit learning spaces. Third, grouped with gymnasiums or auditoriums, special instructional spaces constitute community zones where school facilities are open to public. Fourth, replacing the monotonous circulation systems by corridors, multipurpose hall-type space organization systems make surrounding spaces more activated and complex and the multipurpose hall itself becomes the central part of schools. Finally, outdoor spaces are designed to have convenient access and approach zones to school precincts are linked with city street.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze of the operating characteristics of the Gas engine driven Heat Pump(GHP) and to reduce maintenance costs through the most Economical plan. As the zoning modifications that have economic effects were confirmed. Applications should be made with a similar purpose of the space. The combination of a modified space has led to reduced operating hours of the outdoor unit. The reduction of the outdoor unit operating hours, reducing maintenance costs accordingly. When analyzed at six years have elapsed, the amount of savings through zoning modifications is more than an additional construction cost. During the design phase, cost-effective operation of the GHP is required for the proper zoning plan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.209-225
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to research the actual condition of environment and management of outdoor play at child care centers in Seoul, and to present a planning guideline for outdoor play environment. For this purpose, data were collected by a structured questionnaire and subjects were 164 directors of child care centers located in Seoul. The contents of the questionnaire were composed of general facts about the respondent and facility, environmental condition, managerial condition, and director's understanding about outdoor play. The data were then analyzed using the frequency, percentage, mean and crosstab. The major results have shown the following: 1) Most child care centers in Seoul had some space for outdoor play. 62% of them used front yard and 11 % a rooftop. 2) The space usually included fixed play instruments such as slide and complex unit structures, sand play area, and open area. It also had many natural elements as shrubs and earth. 3) 78% of the centers had a schedule for outdoor play. The schedule operates flexibly according to each center's own day schedule. Generally, a time for outdoor play was 21 to 30 minutes. 4) The directors of child care centers thought highly of outdoor play for it contributes to the balanced development of children. They answered that equipments and spaces, program devices, and teacher's understanding are some of the important factors for active outdoor play. 5) Most of them wanted wood-working area (construction activity area), water play area, and cages.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2008

As outdoor environment become worse due to concentration of population in large cities, the importance of environmental control strategies such as the arrangement of green space or water space and ventilation paths, has been increasingly recognized. However, most of the studies focus on the assessment on outdoor thermal environment, few studies focus on the interrelationship between thermal environment in residential block and human thermal comfort. The aims of this study is to develop the outdoor planning method to reduce the heating/cooling load in an apartment unit or entire block by the sustainable approaches in outdoor environmental design. In this paper, on the basis of the prior studies, the effect of the outdoor thermal environment on human thermal comfort will be analysed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

Since the active enhancement of large-scale apartment development in 1970, apartment complexes in Korea have shown considerable changes throughout, with respect to its planning and design. Depending on the government legislations, and economical and social issues of its time, apartments have been designed to respond to varying demands of the society; from minimal unit design to overall masterplan. As existing researches regarding development of apartment planning are conducted in individual and distinct manner, not only is it difficult to find cases of an overall critical analysis of apartment complexes, it is also rare to look for research that deals with a greater urban context, nor the geographical location of the site. With specific focus on apartments in the metropolitan, the focus of this research lies in critically analyzing the qualities of outdoor spaces within an apartment complex, its generational change and interpreting the value it holds for the society. With regards to analyzing its outdoor features, the core of this study deals with applying space syntax, based on the configurational properties of spatial constituents. The results of this research have some implications that the accessibility change of apartment outdoor spaces was examined through quantitative analysis, and the changes of it by time were clarified in detail. And objective and quantitative approaches were employed for an alternative to the methods used in existing related researches.